NT 1 Lesson 2 Lecture 2 IMG 1896
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the United Kingdom period in Israel's history, spanning from 1050 to 930 BC, highlighting the reigns of Saul, David, and Solomon. It discusses the expectations of a spirit-anointed king, as seen in the Old Testament and fulfilled by Jesus in the New Testament. The script then transitions to the Divided Kingdom, detailing the fall of the Northern Kingdom to Assyria in 722 BC and the Southern Kingdom's fall to Babylon in 586 BC, leading to the Babylonian exile. It emphasizes the theological significance of God's eternal and universal kingdom alongside the human kingdoms.
Takeaways
- 👑 The 'United Kingdom' refers to the period in Israelite history from 1050 BC to 930 BC, during which all 12 tribes were united under a single king, starting with Saul and ending with Solomon.
- 📜 The expectation of a king and kingdom in Israel's history is rooted in Old Testament texts such as First Samuel and Second Samuel, which highlight the divine anointing and establishment of the kingship.
- 🌬 The spirit anointing of David as king signifies the empowerment of Israel's leaders, a theme echoed in the New Testament with Jesus' anointing at his baptism, indicating his role as a spirit-anointed king.
- 🔗 The 'Davidic Kingdom' is a concept that suggests the perpetuity of the kingdom established by David, although in reality, no human king's reign lasted forever, pointing to a deeper theological significance.
- 🕌 The idea of an earthly kingdom coexisted with the understanding of God's eternal and universal kingdom, as evidenced by various Psalms and prophetic books, which affirm God's rule over all creation.
- 🔄 The divided kingdom began in 930 BC with the death of Solomon, leading to a civil conflict and the division into the northern and southern kingdoms, which lasted until their respective falls.
- 📉 The northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, fell to Assyria in 722 BC due to disobedience and was followed by a resettlement that led to a mixed ethnicity and syncretism of religion.
- 🏛 The southern kingdom, or Judah, fell to Babylon in 586 BC, marking a significant national tragedy with the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, and the beginning of the Babylonian exile.
- 📚 The Babylonian exile had profound implications for the Jewish people, with key figures like Daniel and Ezekiel representing the period of captivity and the hope for restoration.
- 🌐 The concepts of king and kingdom developed during the united and divided kingdoms laid the groundwork for understanding Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God in the New Testament, which could refer to both an earthly and a divine rule.
- 🔮 The script emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the human, political aspects of kingship and the spiritual, eternal nature of God's kingdom when interpreting the New Testament.
Q & A
What is the term 'United Kingdom' referring to in the context of Israelite history?
-The 'United Kingdom' refers to the period of Israelite history between the reigns of Saul, including David, and through the reign of Solomon, where all 12 tribes of Israel were united under one king, from 1050 BC to 930 BC.
How is the idea of a king and kingdom first introduced in the Old Testament?
-The idea of a king and kingdom is first introduced in the Old Testament in 1 Samuel 16:13, where Samuel anoints David with the spirit of the Lord, indicating that God's anointed king would be a spirit-empowered leader of Israel.
What is the significance of the Davidic kingdom mentioned in 2 Samuel 7:11-16?
-The significance of the Davidic kingdom in 2 Samuel 7:11-16 is that it is promised to be established forever, highlighting the expectation of a kingdom that would continue indefinitely, despite the fact that no human king could fulfill this expectation on their own.
How does the concept of the kingdom of God relate to the idea of an earthly kingdom?
-The concept of the kingdom of God goes beyond the idea of an earthly kingdom ruled by a human king. It encompasses a spiritual kingdom where God is king, with a universal and everlasting rule over all of creation.
What is the term used to describe the mixing of religions that occurred after the fall of the northern kingdom?
-The term used to describe the mixing of religions after the fall of the northern kingdom is 'syncretism,' which refers to the blending of religious beliefs and practices.
What event marked the end of the northern kingdom, and what was the consequence for its people?
-The fall of the northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, occurred in 722 BC when it was conquered by Assyria. The consequence was the captivity of the northern tribes, who never returned from Assyria and experienced a mixing of their ethnicity and religion.
What was the outcome of the fall of the southern kingdom of Judah in 586 BC?
-The fall of the southern kingdom of Judah in 586 BC led to the Babylonian exile, where many Judeans were taken captive to Babylon, and Jerusalem, including the temple, was destroyed.
How did the concept of God's eternal kingdom manifest in the Old Testament?
-The concept of God's eternal kingdom manifested in the Old Testament through various passages, such as Psalm 10:16 and Psalm 145, which attest to God's everlasting rule and dominion over all creation, not just Israel.
What is the significance of the Babylonian exile in the context of the Old Testament and its impact on the New Testament?
-The Babylonian exile was a significant national tragedy that led to the end of the southern kingdom of Judah. It had a profound impact on the Old Testament as it marked the end of the Israelite monarchy and set the stage for the development of a more spiritual understanding of the kingdom of God, which is reflected in the New Testament.
How does the script connect the Old Testament expectations of a king and kingdom to the New Testament proclamation of the kingdom of God by Jesus?
-The script connects the Old Testament expectations by highlighting how Jesus, as a spirit-anointed leader, fulfills the long-standing expectation of a kingdom established by God. It also emphasizes that the kingdom of God proclaimed by Jesus is not limited to an earthly kingdom but includes God's universal and eternal rule.
Outlines
👑 The United Kingdom of Israel
This paragraph introduces the concept of the United Kingdom in Israel's history, which is the period between the reigns of Saul and Solomon, spanning from 1050 BC to 930 BC. It emphasizes the significance of the 12 tribes of Israel being united under one king, reflecting the expectations of a kingdom as seen in Old Testament texts like First Samuel and Second Samuel. The anointing of David by Samuel signifies the divine appointment of a spirit-empowered leader, a theme that resonates in the New Testament with Jesus' anointing at his baptism, highlighting the fulfillment of the expectation of a spirit-anointed king.
🌏 The Kingdom of God: Earthly and Spiritual Realms
The second paragraph delves into the Old Testament expectations of a king and kingdom, which were both earthly and spiritual in nature. It discusses how Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God in Mark 1:15 connects to a long-standing Jewish expectation. The limitations of human kings are acknowledged, as none of their kingdoms lasted forever. The paragraph also explores the affirmation of God's eternal and universal kingdom, citing various Psalms and other books that attest to God's enduring rule over all creation, beyond the confines of a human kingdom.
🔄 The Divided Kingdom and the Fall of the North
This paragraph discusses the transition from the United Kingdom to the Divided Kingdom, beginning with the death of Solomon in 930 BC and the subsequent civil conflict between Rehoboam and Jeroboam. The division led to the separation of the northern and southern kingdoms, with the northern kingdom, also known as Israel or Samaria, enduring until its fall to Assyria in 722 BC due to disobedience. The fall resulted in the Assyrian captivity of the northern tribes, who never returned, and the introduction of syncretism, the mixing of religions, leading to the genesis of the Samaritans in the New Testament.
🏛️ The Fall of the Southern Kingdom and the Babylonian Exile
The final paragraph of the script addresses the fall of the southern kingdom, Judah, in 586 BC to the Babylonians, marking a significant national tragedy. The reasons for the exile are attributed to unfaithfulness and disobedience, leading to the destruction of Jerusalem, the temple, and the loss of many lives. Key figures like Daniel and Ezekiel were taken into captivity during this period. The paragraph concludes by setting the stage for the discussion of the Babylonian period and its implications for the New Testament in the subsequent video.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡United Kingdom
💡Davidic Kingdom
💡Syncretism
💡Babylonian Exile
💡Divided Kingdom
💡Anointing
💡Psalms
💡Prophecy
💡Kingdom of God
💡Exile
💡Messianic Expectations
Highlights
Introduction to the United Kingdom period of Israelite history, spanning from 1050 BC to 930 BC.
The United Kingdom refers to the era when all 12 tribes of Israel were united under one king.
The expectation of a spirit-anointed king over Israel is introduced in First Samuel 16:13.
Gospel stories begin with Jesus being spirit-anointed, fulfilling the expectation of a divine king.
Second Samuel 7 discusses the establishment of the Davidic kingdom and its eternal promise.
The human kings of Israel were unable to fulfill the full expectation of an eternal kingdom.
The Old Testament presents the idea of God's eternal and universal kingdom alongside the human kingdom.
Psalm verses attest to God's everlasting kingdom and rule over all nations.
The concept of syncretism, or the mixing of religions, arises from the fall of the northern kingdom.
The fall of the northern kingdom in 722 BC led to the Assyrian captivity and cultural assimilation.
The southern kingdom, Judah, ended in 586 BC with the Babylonian exile, a significant national tragedy.
The reasons for the fall of both the northern and southern kingdoms were unfaithfulness and disobedience.
The Babylonian exile marked the end of the southern kingdom and the destruction of Jerusalem's temple.
Daniel and Ezekiel were key figures taken into captivity during the Babylonian exile.
The fall of Jerusalem was a calamity due to its religious significance as the center of Israelite religion.
The video concludes with a preview of the next segment discussing the Babylonian period and its impact on the New Testament.
Transcripts
hello class
this is video 2 pertaining to
new testament 1 lesson 2 on the late old
testament and
intertestamental periods
we begin this segment of the
lecture on the topic of the united
kingdom
so finding your notes the
this place where we begin discussion of
the united kingdom
the united kingdom is a term
the alexa just sounded off so that's
what you heard there
the united kingdom is the period of
israelite history that occurs
between the reigns of saul including
david
and through the reign of solomon
those those
kings ruled from year 1050 bc
down to year 930 bc
and when we talk about the united
kingdom
we mean that all the tribes all the 12
tribes of israel are together under one
king
and that that king is ruling over israel
in the way that we would describe as a
kingdom
so the king and kingdom are ideas and
expectations
that we find in the life of israel
and they really begin to be
prominent during the times of saul
david and solomon we see some
old testament texts that speak of this
kind of expectation about king and
kingdom
first of all there's first samuel
chapter 16 verse 13
where we read so samuel took the heart
of oil
and anointed him david in the presence
of his brothers
and from that day on the spirit of the
lord came upon
david in power what we see in this
passage is the recognition
that god's anointed king over israel
would be a spirit empowered
leader of israel and
because of that kind of thing it's it's
no surprise
to see that the gospel stories begin
with an account of jesus being spirit
anointed
when he is baptized by john the baptist
so that jesus then is able to fulfill
the the expectation of a spirit
anointed king over god's kingdom
similarly in second samuel chapter 7
verses 11 through 16 we see reference
again to
the role of king and kingdom it says
these verses say i will establish his
kingdom
establish the throne of his kingdom
forever
my love will never be taken away from
him as i took it from saul
your house and your kingdom will endure
forever before me
your throne will be established forever
now these are words directed toward
david and saul of saul has already
proven
proven himself unfaithful and unfit for
office
and god's plan is to replace him with
david
but we see in this passage here how the
davidic
kingdom is something that's expected
to continue on forever and the word
forever is used three times in this
excerpt
of five verses and
we see from that that
when when we recognize that the the king
uh the kings of israel like saul
david and solomon and all of their
successors as well
none of those kings had a kingdom
that lasted forever they lasted for a
small period
of time just a matter of years or at
most decades
that their kingdom uh extended
so when we think of this promise we have
to think of the fact that
uh those human kings of the united
kingdom
were never able in themselves to fulfill
the full expectation of a passage like
this
we're reminded here that the ideas of
king and kingdom go together
a king being a human king over a
political earthly kingdom
they these two terms become
prime jewish political realities in the
life of the nation
and they extend to the future as
theological hopes
such old testament expectations gave
rise to the excitement
when jesus appeared and announced the
kingdom
of god has drawn near as we observe
from mark chapter 1 verse 15.
so jesus words connect to a
long-standing expectation
among the israelites that god would send
that king
and that king would implement a kingdom
but this idea of an earthly king a human
king
had its limitations as all of past
history demonstrated
as good as david was his kingdom did not
last forever
but we need to keep in mind in this
regard at the same time alongside of the
earthly political kingdom the old
testament gave evidence
that there was also an affirmation of
god's eternal kingdom
which would be a spiritual kingdom in
which god is king
and on your handout you will see that
there is a
a list of verses that attest to this
and so when we think of the proclamation
of the kingdom of god by jesus
we should not think of it merely in
terms
of a human king over an earthly kingdom
but there is also the the
necessity to keep in mind that all along
israel was aware of a larger
kingdom of god that wasn't embodied or
expressed only through a human king
reigning over a human kingdom examples
of this could be found in various books
for instance
psalm 10 verse 16 says
the lord is king forever and ever and
the nations will perish from his land
so here we see evidence that there was a
kingdom of god
both before and after david
in psalm 22 verse 28 the dominion
belongs to the lord and he rules over
nations
that is outside of israel and israel
so that the kingdom can't be just an
israeli thing
psalm 29 verse 10 the lord sits
enthroned
over the flood the lord is enthroned as
king forever
again much further
much more extensive than merely the
reigns of
of saul david and solomon and their
successors
psalm 45 verse 6 your throne o god will
last forever and ever
and a scepter of justice will be scepter
of your kingdom psalm 74 verse 12 but
you o lord are my king
from old you bring salvation upon the
earth
upon the earth not just upon israel
in his role as king psalm 103 verse 19
the lord has established his throne in
heaven and his kingdom rules over
all rules over all not just
over israel psalm 145 verse
11 they will tell the story of your
kingdom and speak of your might
uh large numbers of people psalm 145
verse 12
so that all men may know of your mighty
acts and all the glorious splendor of
your kingdom
all men psalm 145 verse 13
your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom
and your dominion endures through all
generations
the lord is faithful to all his promises
and loving toward
all he has made here we see
the kingdom is universal as well as the
kingdom being eternal
first chronicles 29 11 yours o lord
is the greatness and the power and the
glory and the majesty of the
and the splendor for everything in
heaven and earth is yours
yours oh lord is the kingdom you are
exalted as head over all
head over all not just over israel but
overall
uh that's a passage we use often in
benedictions
uh in church life even today another
passage isaiah 33 verse 22
for the lord is our judge the lord is
our lawgiver the lord is our king
it is he who will save us
daniel 9 6 verse 26 i issue a decree
that in every part of my kingdom
people must fear and reverence the god
of daniel
for he is the living god and he endures
forever
his kingdom will not be destroyed his
dominion
will never end there again in the
context of daniel in the babylonian
exile
we see coming from a non-jewish source
the idea that god's kingdom reaches far
beyond
israel in time and space
lastly there's zechariah chapter 14
verse 9
which says the lord will be king over
the whole earth
on that day there will be one lord
so these are enough of
of the examples that we need to indicate
that
even though israelite history
had a david and his successors
that became the prime example of a human
king ruling over a human kingdom
that at the same time israel was aware
that god was the ultimate king that his
kingdom was universal
at least in potential and his kingdom
was everlasting
we need to keep those two images and
conceptions of the kingdom in mind as we
come to jesus
in the new testament when a passage
talks about the kingdom of god
are we talking about an earthly human
ruler over a political entity
or are we talking about a proclamation
of god's universal eternal
rule over all of his creation
so the key idea that we get from the
united
kingdom period of the old testament
is this idea that develops concerning
king and kingdom
now we move on to the next phase of
old testament history which is the
divided kingdom
this begins in year 930 bc
with the death of solomon and what takes
place
following his death so the divided
kingdom commences
after the death of solomon the king
it begins with the civil conflict that
began
with rehoboam in the south the
son of solomon and
jeroboam in the north who was not a son
of solomon these two entered into
conflict
and it led to a division of the once
united kingdom
into two parts the north and the south
and the north continues on from
930 bc down to 722 bc
for a little over 200 years
and at 722 bc they
have in history what we call the fall of
the north
now the north could also be called
israel it could be called
samaria but in 722
the north falls and there are a number
of reasons
that are given for the fall of the north
but they basically pertain to
uh their disobedience and of
not only the the people but specifically
the disobedience of the kings that led
israel in the north uh they're taken
the north is taken captive by assyria
and these northern tribes were which
were basically
ten tribes maybe ten and a half tribes
uh these northern tribes of jews never
return
from the captivity in assyria
and on your hand out of giving you all
the passages that you can look at
in order to read those particular
details of why it happens and
uh the fact that they don't return
during this period of time in the north
after
722 bc the assyrians
get involved in a resettlement of that
territory
and they they bring in people and they
bring in other religions
and the resettlement of samaria by
outsiders
brings what we would call a mixed
ethnicity
so non-jewish people are mixed with
jewish people
and so you have hybrids or you have
mestizos and mestizas if we use a
philippine term
and the samaritans become known
for that kind of mixed ethnicity
along with the mixing of their blood
came the mixing of their religion and
the word we use to describe
mixing of religion is the word
syncretism
and that is spelled s-y-n-c-r-e-t-i-s-m
syncretism that is a word that means
mixing of religions
and what we have that results
in the samaritan type of people
from this period also
results in the samaritan religion
which is kind of a hybrid of the jewish
faith
by the time we get to the new testament
so syncretism the mixing of religions
occurs
and this is the genesis of the
samaritans
in the new testament this is all traced
back to
the the fall of the northern kingdoms
uh kingdom and the northern tribes 722
bc
and what happens ethnically for people
in the north at that point
you once united kingdom divided into two
the north
and the south the south came to an end
in 586 bc the south
in the biblical books that describe this
era of
time the south will be described as
judah
judah it goes by the name of the primary
tribe
and the primary location of the south
so that the city of jerusalem
is associated with judah and
the kingship and so forth and so even
though the
the greater number of tribes populate
the north
a smaller number of tribes
describe the south and it goes by this
term judah representing the tribe
of the king of israel so in 586 there's
the fall of the south
judah and the south falls
to a different outside
force an outsider gentile country
and that is babylon so the babylonian
exile begins in 586 bc
and we can read in second kings and
ezekiel
and the other books from around that
period of time
what were the reasons for the exile
but they're basically the same thing
unfaithfulness
disobedience on the part of the king
but also on the part of the the priests
and the religious leaders
but the people who follow them into
idolatry and disobedience
during this time when the southern
kingdom ends at 586
many judeans were taken into captivity
in babylon and two of the primary
figures
of the old testament who were taken into
captivity
were daniel and ezekiel
the two men for which we have books
with their name on it in our old
testament
but this was a national tragedy of
immense
proportions because it was the
the final destruction and the final end
of the southern kingdom of judah
occurred along with a great amount of
famine
uh the death of many leaders both
both priests and and civil leaders
there was a fire that was sent to the
temple
and they broke down the walls of
jerusalem and they looted the temple
and just many many many people were
killed
when the babylonians finally ended
that era of the divided kingdom in the
south
and it was a national calamity unlike
anything that had happened in the past
well yes the north had already fallen
many years before but remember
in the north that wasn't a place that
included
the capital of jerusalem where the
temple was
and which was the center of israelite
religion when jerusalem
fell it was much worse
for the nation of israel so at this
point we've sketched
some of the developments of both the
divided kingdom
and the united kingdom this is the
end of the second video in
the third video we will begin with a
discussion of the babylonian period
and certain developments that
pertain to the new testament that come
out of the babylonian period
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