BAB II | FASE A. Rangka Tubuh | XI BIOLOGI | KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Summary

This educational video explores the human skeletal system, focusing on its structure and functions. It delves into the axial and appendicular skeletons, highlighting the role of bones like the skull, ribs, and vertebrae in protecting vital organs and supporting body movement. The video also discusses the skeletal system's involvement in blood cell production and mineral storage, providing a comprehensive overview of its importance in the human body.

Takeaways

• 🦴 The human skeleton consists of approximately 270 bones that reduce to 206 as we grow and develop.
• 💺 The skeleton is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the limbs and girdles.
• 🛡️ The skeleton serves multiple functions, such as providing shape and posture, protecting vital organs, supporting movement, producing blood cells, storing minerals and energy, and generating immune cells.
• 🗝️ The axial skeleton is composed of 80 bones and includes the skull, which protects the brain, and the spine, which supports the body and allows for flexibility.
• 👂 The skull is further divided into the cranium, facial bones, and sutures, with specific bones like the malleus, incus, and stapes playing a role in sound transmission.
• 🦴 The vertebral column is made up of 33 vertebrae, which are connected by intervertebral discs that allow for movement and support the body's weight.
• 🛡️ The rib cage, consisting of the sternum and ribs, protects the lungs and heart and is connected to the spine through cartilage.
• 🤲 The appendicular skeleton includes 126 bones and is responsible for the movement of the limbs, including the pectoral girdle that connects the arms to the torso.
• 🦵 The upper limbs consist of the humerus, radius, and ulna, with the carpal bones in the wrist and metacarpal bones in the hand, facilitating complex movements.
• 🦿 The lower limbs include the femur, tibia, and fibula, with the patella protecting the knee joint, and tarsal and metatarsal bones in the feet providing support and balance.
• 👣 Each foot has 26 bones, with the toes consisting of proximal, middle, and distal phalanges, except for the big toe which has two.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the human skeletal system?

The primary function of the human skeletal system is to provide support and shape to the body, protect soft organs, serve as a point of attachment for muscles, support movement, play a role in hematopoiesis (the formation of blood cells), store minerals and energy, and produce immune cells in the bone marrow.

How many bones are typically found in the human body, and how does this number change with growth and development?

There are approximately 270 bones in the human body at birth, but this number decreases to 206 bones as the body grows and matures.

What are the two main divisions of the human skeletal system?

The two main divisions of the human skeletal system are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

What is the role of the axial skeleton in the body?

The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and consists of 80 bones, including the skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage, and it plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

What are the three main parts of the skull, and what do they protect?

The three main parts of the skull are the cranium, which protects the brain; the facial bones, which form the structures of the face; and the sutures, which are the immovable joints that hold the skull bones together.

What is the function of the inner ear bones in the human body?

The inner ear bones, known as the malleus, incus, and stapes, function to receive and transmit sound impulses.

How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body, and what is their main function?

There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body, and their main function is to protect the lungs and heart and to support the thoracic cage.

What is the function of the spine in the human body?

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, provides structural support, allows for flexibility and movement, and protects the spinal cord.

What is the appendicular skeleton, and how many pairs of bones does it consist of?

The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton, and it comprises 126 pairs of bones.

What are the main components of the upper limb girdle, and what is their function?

The upper limb girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which connect the arm to the trunk and provide attachment points for muscles of the neck, thorax, and arm.

What is the role of the pelvis in the human body, and what does it protect?

The pelvis supports the weight of the upper body, protects the internal organs within the pelvic cavity, including the reproductive and urinary organs, and plays a role in the support and movement of the lower limbs.