Mastering Terraform: Scenario-Based Interview Questions & Solutions | Terraform Interview Mastery

Summary

This video script offers a comprehensive guide to 15 scenario-based interview questions for Terraform, a popular infrastructure as code tool. It covers essential topics such as importing existing infrastructure, leveraging Terraform modules for code reusability, utilizing remote backends for state management, and implementing auto-scaling groups for high availability. The script also addresses multi-cloud management, sensitive information handling, workspaces, version control integration, and CI/CD pipeline structuring for Terraform. It's a valuable resource for those preparing for DevOps interviews or looking to enhance their Terraform expertise.

Takeaways

• 📝 Use the `terraform import` command to integrate existing infrastructure into Terraform management.
• 🔄 Leverage Terraform modules for code reusability and maintainability across multiple environments.
• 🗄 Utilize Terraform remote backends for centralized state management, facilitating collaboration and state locking.
• 🛡️ Implement auto-scaling groups and load balancers in AWS for a highly available architecture using Terraform.
• 🌐 Handle multicloud infrastructure with Terraform by defining multiple provider blocks for different cloud platforms.
• 📜 Execute scripts post-provisioning with Terraform using local and remote exec provisioners within resource blocks.
• 🔒 Securely manage sensitive information in Terraform by using environment variables, external files, or secret managers.
• 🌐 Terraform workspaces allow for the use of a single configuration file across multiple environments with separate state files.
• 📉 Preview changes with `terraform plan` to understand the impact of Terraform configurations before applying them.
• 🔄 Integrate Terraform with version control systems like Git for version management and GitOps practices.
• 🔑 Manage infrastructure secrets using external data sources or secret managers, avoiding hardcoded secrets in the configuration file.
• 🔄 Ensure consistent environment configuration using Terraform modules to promote code consistency across different environments.
• 🚀 When migrating Terraform versions, update syntax, address deprecations, and handle breaking changes with the `terraform 0.12upgrade` command.
• 🛑 Use `terraform taint` to force the destruction and recreation of a resource when necessary, such as when attributes cannot be changed in place.
• 🔧 Structure CI/CD pipelines for Terraform with stages for initialization, planning, and applying changes, including manual approval steps for security.

Q & A

How can you import existing AWS infrastructure into Terraform for management?

You can use the `terraform import` command to import existing resources. First, you need to write a dummy configuration file and then run the `terraform import` command with the resource type and your local name, followed by the instance ID of the resource you want to import. Terraform will update the state file with this information and start managing the resource.

What is the purpose of Terraform modules and how do they help with code reusability?

Terraform modules are used to promote code reusability and maintainability. They allow you to write the configuration once and call it multiple times with different parameters for different environments, thus avoiding code duplication and making the infrastructure management more efficient.

Why might you use a Terraform remote backend for state management, and what are its advantages?

A Terraform remote backend is used to store state files in a remote location, which is beneficial for collaboration among multiple team members. It offers advantages such as shared state file access, state file locking to prevent concurrent operations, and enhanced security by not storing sensitive state information locally.

How can you create a highly available architecture in AWS using Terraform?

You can create a highly available architecture by using Terraform to provision auto scaling groups and load balancers. The auto scaling group ensures that multiple instances are running, and the load balancer distributes traffic efficiently among these instances.

How can you structure Terraform code to manage resources on both AWS and Azure in a multicloud strategy?

In Terraform, you can define multiple provider blocks in the same configuration file for different cloud platforms like AWS and Azure. This allows you to manage resources across multiple clouds using a single Terraform configuration.

What are provisioners in Terraform and how can they be used to run scripts after provisioning resources?

Provisioners in Terraform are used to execute scripts or commands on local or remote machines after the resources have been provisioned. You can use `local-exec` for local machine scripts and `remote-exec` for scripts on remote resources like EC2 instances within your Terraform configuration blocks.

How should you manage sensitive information like API keys in Terraform configurations securely?

Sensitive information should not be hardcoded in the Terraform configuration files. Instead, use environment variables, external files, or centralized secret management tools like HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager to securely store and access sensitive data.

What are Terraform workspaces and how can they be used for multiple environments?

Terraform workspaces allow you to use a single configuration file for multiple environments. Each workspace is a copy of the configuration file that maintains its own state file, enabling you to execute the same configuration in different environments like Dev, QA, and Prod.

How can you preview the execution plan before applying changes in Terraform?

You can use the `terraform plan` command to review the execution plan, which provides a detailed overview of the changes Terraform will apply when you execute the configuration. This helps in understanding and verifying the impact of the changes before they are applied.

How can you integrate Terraform with version control systems like Git for GitOps practices?

You can maintain Terraform configuration files in a version control system like Git, using it to manage different versions of the code and leveraging branching strategies for various environments. This aligns with GitOps practices, allowing for a workflow that includes code review, branching, and merging for infrastructure changes.

What is the recommended method for managing infrastructure secrets like database passwords in Terraform?

It is recommended to use external data sources or secret managers to manage infrastructure secrets securely. Avoid hardcoding secrets in the Terraform configuration file to prevent exposure if the code is pushed to a public repository.

How can you ensure consistent environment configuration across multiple environments using Terraform?

Terraform modules can be used to create consistent environment configurations. By calling the same module with different variables for each environment, you can ensure that the infrastructure setup is consistent across Dev, UAT, and Prod environments.

What considerations and steps should be taken when migrating from Terraform version 0.11 to version 0.12?

When upgrading Terraform versions, you need to update the syntax in the configuration files, address any deprecated features, and handle any breaking changes. The `terraform 0.12upgrade` command can be utilized to automatically handle some of these updates.

What is the purpose of the `terraform taint` command and when should it be used?

The `terraform taint` command is used when you want to destroy and recreate a resource, such as when an EC2 instance is corrupted. It marks the resource as tainted, and the next `terraform apply` will replace the tainted resource with a new one.

How can you structure a CI/CD pipeline for Terraform in GitLab, including key stages?

A CI/CD pipeline for Terraform in GitLab should include stages for `init`, `plan`, and `apply`. The `init` stage initializes Terraform configuration files, `plan` generates a preview of the actions to be taken, and `apply` executes the plan. It's also important to use environment-specific variables, protect sensitive data, and implement manual approval steps for critical changes.

Outlines

00:00

📘 Terraform Interview Questions Overview

This paragraph introduces a session focused on 15 scenario-based interview questions related to Terraform. The speaker emphasizes the importance of these questions for those preparing for Terraform interviews and provides a brief overview of what to expect, including real-world scenarios. The session encourages viewers to subscribe and promises a deep dive into Terraform's practical applications.

05:01

🔄 Importing Existing AWS Infrastructure with Terraform

The speaker discusses how to integrate existing AWS infrastructure into Terraform management using the 'terraform import' command. They explain the process of writing a dummy configuration file and executing the import command with the correct syntax, including resource type and local name. The paragraph highlights the ability to manage previously manually created resources through Terraform, ensuring individual resource import and state file updates.

10:01

🛠 Structuring Terraform Configurations for Multiple Environments

This section addresses the challenge of avoiding code duplication across multiple environments like Dev, Prod, etc. The speaker introduces Terraform modules as a solution for code reusability and maintainability. They explain how modules can be parameterized for different environments, promoting efficient and organized Terraform configuration management.

15:02

🗄️ Terraform Remote Backends for State Management

The paragraph delves into the use of Terraform remote backends for state file management, offering advantages such as collaboration and state file locking. The speaker outlines various options for remote backends, including S3 buckets and Azure storage, and discusses the benefits of centralized state file storage and access control for multiple users.

🚀 Creating Highly Available Architectures with Terraform

The speaker explains how to create a highly available architecture in AWS using Terraform, specifically focusing on the implementation of auto-scaling groups and load balancing. They provide an example code snippet for creating an auto-scaling group and setting up a load balancer, ensuring efficient traffic distribution and high availability.

🌐 Managing Multicloud Infrastructure with Terraform

This paragraph covers the structure of Terraform code for managing resources on multiple cloud platforms, such as AWS and Azure. The speaker describes the use of multiple provider blocks within the same configuration file and the organization of resources within each provider block, highlighting Terraform's support for multicloud strategies.

🛠️ Running Scripts Post-Provisioning with Terraform

The speaker discusses the use of provisioners in Terraform to execute scripts or commands after resource provisioning. They differentiate between local and remote exec provisioners and provide an example of how to specify provisioners within a resource block, including connectivity information for Terraform to execute commands on remote machines.

🔑 Managing Sensitive Information in Terraform Configurations

The paragraph addresses the secure management of sensitive information such as API keys in Terraform configurations. The speaker advises against hardcoding sensitive data and recommends using environment variables, external files, or centralized secret management tools like HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager.

🌿 Using Terraform Workspaces for Multiple Environments

The speaker introduces Terraform workspaces for managing multiple environments with a single configuration file. They explain how workspaces allow for the execution of the same configuration file in different environments, each maintaining its own state file, and how this approach promotes efficient environment management.

📋 Previewing Terraform Execution Plans

This paragraph explains how to preview the execution plan before applying changes in Terraform using the 'terraform plan' command. The speaker highlights the importance of reviewing the detailed overview of changes that Terraform will apply, ensuring a clear understanding of the impact of configuration updates.

🔄 Integrating Terraform with Version Control Systems

The speaker discusses the adoption of GitOps practices for managing infrastructure with Terraform, focusing on the integration with version control systems like Git. They describe maintaining Terraform configuration files on platforms like GitHub, utilizing branching strategies for different environments, and following a GitOps workflow for changes.

🗝️ Managing Infrastructure Secrets with Terraform

The paragraph addresses the management of infrastructure secrets such as database passwords in Terraform configurations. The speaker reiterates the importance of not hardcoding sensitive data and suggests using external data sources or secret managers to securely maintain sensitive information.

🔍 Ensuring Consistent Environment Configurations with Terraform

The speaker explains how to implement consistent environment configurations across multiple setups using Terraform modules. They discuss the benefits of code reusability and consistency, emphasizing the use of modules to launch resources like EC2 instances in different environments with variable parameters.

🛑 Upgrading Terraform Versions and Best Practices

This paragraph covers the considerations and steps for migrating infrastructure from Terraform version 0.11 to version 0.12. The speaker advises updating configuration syntax, addressing deprecated features, and handling breaking changes, while also mentioning the 'terraform 0.12upgrade' command to assist with automatic updates.

📌 Using Terraform Taint for Resource Replacement

The speaker explains the use of 'terraform taint' for situations where a resource needs to be destroyed and recreated, such as when an EC2 instance is corrupted. They detail how tainting a resource signals Terraform to replace it during the next 'terraform apply', facilitating the recreation of non-functional resources.

🤖 Structuring CI/CD Pipelines for Terraform with GitLab

The paragraph outlines how to structure CI/CD pipelines for Terraform using GitLab, including key stages such as 'init', 'plan', and 'apply'. The speaker recommends using environment-specific variables, protecting sensitive data, and implementing manual approval steps to ensure safe and controlled Terraform executions.

👍 Conclusion and Call to Action

The speaker concludes the session by summarizing the covered content and encouraging viewers to like, subscribe, and engage with the channel for more insights on DevOps and Terraform. They highlight the value of the discussed interview questions for those preparing for DevOps roles involving Terraform.

Keywords

💡Terraform

Terraform is an infrastructure as code (IaC) tool developed by HashiCorp that enables the creation, modification, and versioning of infrastructure through code. It is pivotal in the video's theme, as the script discusses various scenarios related to its use in managing cloud resources. For instance, it mentions using Terraform to import existing AWS infrastructure and to manage resources across multiple cloud platforms.

💡Scenario-based Interview Questions

Scenario-based interview questions are hypothetical situations presented to candidates to assess their problem-solving skills and knowledge. In the context of the video, these questions are focused on Terraform and its application in real-world infrastructure management. The script outlines 15 such questions, demonstrating how to handle different challenges in Terraform-based environments.

💡Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a DevOps practice where infrastructure is provisioned and managed using code and software development practices. The video script emphasizes IaC through the use of Terraform, showcasing how to script and automate the deployment of infrastructure resources.

💡Terraform Import

The 'terraform import' command is a feature in Terraform that allows existing infrastructure to be brought under Terraform's management. The script provides an example of how to use this command to import an EC2 instance into Terraform's state file, thus enabling Terraform to manage it.

💡Terraform Modules

Terraform modules are reusable units of infrastructure that can be shared and used across different projects. The script highlights their importance in promoting code reusability and maintainability, as well as parameterizing them for different environments to avoid code duplication.

💡Remote Backend

A remote backend in Terraform is a storage location for the state file, which keeps track of the infrastructure's current state. The script discusses using remote backends like S3 buckets for state management to enable collaboration, state file sharing, and locking, which is crucial for teams working on the same infrastructure.

💡Auto Scaling Groups

Auto Scaling Groups are a feature in cloud platforms like AWS that allow applications to scale based on demand. The video script explains how to implement auto scaling groups with load balancing using Terraform to ensure high availability of applications.

💡Multicloud Strategy

A multicloud strategy involves using more than one cloud service provider to build and deploy applications. The script addresses structuring Terraform code to manage resources across multiple cloud platforms like AWS and Azure, demonstrating Terraform's versatility in a multicloud environment.

💡Terraform Provisioners

Terraform provisioners are used to execute scripts or commands on local or remote machines after provisioning resources. The script describes using local exec and remote exec provisioners to run scripts on EC2 instances, showing how to integrate post-provisioning tasks into Terraform workflows.

💡Sensitive Information

Sensitive information refers to data that requires a higher level of security, such as API keys or database passwords. The script advises against hardcoding such information in Terraform configurations, instead recommending the use of environment variables, external files, or secret management tools like AWS Secrets Manager.

💡Terraform Workspaces

Terraform workspaces allow a single configuration file to be used for multiple environments, such as development, QA, and production. The script explains how to structure a project to take advantage of workspaces, enabling the management of different environments without duplicating configuration code.

💡Terraform Plan

The 'terraform plan' command is used to preview the execution plan of a Terraform configuration, showing the intended changes before they are applied. The script emphasizes the importance of using 'terraform plan' to review and understand the impact of changes on infrastructure.

💡GitOps

GitOps is an operational framework for managing infrastructure and application delivery using Git as a single source of truth. The script discusses integrating Terraform with GitOps practices, including the use of version control systems like Git for Terraform configuration files, and adopting a branching strategy for different environments.

💡Terraform Taint

Terraform taint is used to mark a resource for destruction and recreation. The script explains how to use 'terraform taint' when a resource, such as an EC2 instance, needs to be replaced, illustrating its use in scenarios where attributes cannot be changed in place.

💡CI/CD Pipeline

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery or Deployment, which are practices in software development to automate the integration and delivery of code changes. The script outlines structuring a CI/CD pipeline for Terraform, including stages like 'init', 'plan', and 'apply', and emphasizes the importance of manual approval steps for critical changes.

Highlights

Introduction to 15 scenario-based interview questions for Terraform.

Importing existing AWS infrastructure into Terraform using the 'terraform import' command.

Using dummy configuration files for the initial import process.

Structuring Terraform configurations for code reusability with multiple environments using Terraform modules.

Parameterizing modules for different environments to promote code maintainability.

Advantages of using Terraform remote backends for state management, including collaboration and state file locking.

Creating highly available architectures in AWS with Terraform through auto-scaling groups and load balancing.

Managing multicloud resources with Terraform by defining multiple provider blocks.

Executing scripts post-provisioning with Terraform using local and remote exec provisioners.

Securing sensitive information in Terraform configurations by avoiding hardcoding and using environment variables or external files.

Utilizing Terraform workspaces for managing multiple environments with a single configuration file.

Previewing execution plans with 'terraform plan' before applying changes in Terraform.

Integrating Terraform with version control systems like Git for managing infrastructure as code.

Managing infrastructure secrets securely without hardcoding in Terraform configurations.

Ensuring consistent environment configuration across multiple environments using Terraform modules.

Migrating infrastructure from Terraform version 0.11 to 0.12, addressing syntax updates and deprecated features.

Using 'terraform taint' to destroy and recreate resources when necessary.

Structuring CI/CD pipelines for Terraform in GitLab, including key stages like init, plan, and apply.

Recommendations for securing sensitive data and implementing manual approval steps in Terraform CI/CD pipelines.

Conclusion summarizing the importance of these interview questions for Terraform in DevOps roles.

Transcripts

hello and welcome back to my channel in

today's session we will be looking at 15

uh scenario based interview questions

that you can expect as part of your uh

terraform now whether you're preparing

for an interview uh where you're showing

experience you can definitely expect

expect scenario based questions um in

terms of your terraform so in this

session we will be covering 15 scenario

based questions that you can uh

definitely expect as part of your

interview so these questions are your

real world questions that you can expect

in terms of your terraform so before I

start off with the session please don't

forget to hit that subscribe button so

let's get started with this so the first

scenario based question we have is you

have an existing infrastructure on AWS

and you want to use terraform to manage

it how would you import these resources

into your terraform configuration so

basically uh we already have some

infrastructure let's say which was

created manually now we want to start

managing that as well by making use of

your terraform so how can we achieve

that now for that we can make use of

this uh command called terraform import

command so this will help us to import

your existing resources and then

terraform can start uh managing that so

uh with this ideally you'll have to

write a dummy configuration file uh and

then you will need to run this terraform

import command so this is the syntax and

here is an example command that you can

use so terraform import the resource

type and your local name so this will be

in the uh uh configuration file that you

would have written in advance and then

the uh instance ID so let's say you're

you're importing an ec2 instance you

need to pass pass that instance ID and

terraform will basically update the

state file with this information and it

will start managing these resources for

us so with this tform import command

we'll have to import individual

resources we cannot import multiple

resources but we can make use of your

terraform import command for that the

next scenario based question we have is

you're working with multiple

environments let's say you have Dev

proda and then so on and you want to

avoid duplicating your code so how would

you structure your terraform

configurations to achieve code uh

reusability so this is where we can make

use of your terraform modules so

terraform modules mainly helps with your

uh code reusability so you can write

once and then we can start calling it

any number of times we want which um uh

basically promotes your code reusability

all right so with this it gives you a

code reusability as well as your code

maintainability and then when we are

calling this modules we can uh

parameterize it based on the different

environments we have so if you are

executing for the dev you can pass the

parameters accordingly and if you're

executing it for prod you can pass the

parameters accordingly so terraform

modules is what we can Implement for

this the next scenario base question we

have is describe a situation where you

might need to use the terraform remote

backend and what are the advantages that

it offers in State Management now we

know that your terraform uh maintains a

state file which is basically the

information about all the resources it

manages so uh we can make use of your

terraform uh remote backends to store

these State files in a remote location

so instead of storing the state files on

the local machine we can push it in a

remote location a common location which

is accessed by multiple people so we

have lots of options available so we

have S3 buckets we have Azure storage we

can also use hashar provided option use

console to uh store our state files

remotely now what what advantage it

provides so one it provides you with

collaboration so multiple people can

work with it it provides for you with

the option to share your state file as

well as locking your state file so when

one person is doing some

operations the state file will be logged

and it will not allow any operations

from other

users the next scenario based question

we have is you need to create a highly

available architecture in AWS using

terraform explain how would you

implement and auto scaling groups with

load balancing so with this we basically

creating the uh resource block with the

respective resource type so if you want

to create a auto scaling group so here I

just have a snippet an example code so

aore Auto scaling underscore group so

this is the resource type we'll be using

and then we'll be filling in the details

and um in terms of your load balancing

we can create a load balancer so here

awor lb that will be the resource type

and then we'll have to also make sure

that the instances um uh that we are

creating are part of your load balances

and your auto scaling groups which will

ensure Distributing of your traffic

efficiently all right so whenever we

talk about making your applications

highly available Auto scaling groups and

load balancer is what we have so we can

make use of your terraform to create

these

resources the next question we have is

your team is adopting a multicloud

strategy and you need to manage

resources on both AWS and Azure using

terraform so how do you structure your

terraform code to handle this now we

know that your terraform supports

multicloud platform so we can use

terraform to create infrastructure on uh

multiple Cloud Platforms in this case

let's say your AWS and aure so we can

provide multip mle provider blocks in

the same configuration file so here for

example if you see I have a provider

block for AWS I have a provider block

for Azure I have a provider block for uh

Google Cloud okay so we can Define

multiple uh provider blocks in the same

configuration file and then we will need

to define the resources accordingly

within each of these provider blocks so

if I'm create if I want to create

resource for AWS I'll be defining the

resources here for Azure I'll be

providing the resource here and then so

on the next question we have is you want

to run specific scripts after

provisioning your resources with

terraform so how would you achieve this

and what Provisions uh might you use so

when we talk about your provisioners in

terraform we have local exec and your uh

remote exec we can use this to execute

any scripts or commands on your local

machine as well as your remote machines

like you know let's say you're launching

an E2 instance you want to run some

commands we can make use of your remote

for that now uh we we'll generally be

specifying this provisioners within your

resource block so for example here I

have the resource block and then within

the resource block we will be defining

the provisioner so here is the remote

exec where I'm running some inline

commands so first I'm give an execute

permission and then I'm executing that

script and here I have the connectivity

so your your terraform needs to

establish the connectivity so we are

providing the connectivity information

here so terapon will use this

connectivity information connect to that

instance and then execute this commands

for us okay the next question we have is

you're dealing with sensitive

information such as API keys in your

terraform configuration what approach

would you take to manage this securely

so it is always recommended that we

don't hardcode any sensitive information

within your configuration file so we can

either make use of your environment

variables or we can make use of your

external files to store this sensitive

data so we should never uh keep this

data in the configuration files we

should always make sure we are keeping

it in a secure location we can also

consider using hashiko Walt for

centralized secret management so if

you're on AWS we can definitely consider

using the secrets manager where we can

store all our secrets and then we can

start fetching that uh information in

your terraform by making use of your

data

source the next question we have is

describe a scenario where you might need

to use terraform workspaces and how

would you structure a project to take

advantage of them so terraform

workspaces can be used whenever you want

to use um a single configuration file

for multiple environments okay so that's

where we can make use of your workspaces

so let's say we have a config file and I

want to execute the same config file for

my different different environment so

let's say for proud for Dev QA sis and

then uat okay so I want one single file

but then I want to execute it um

environment wise now that's where we can

make use of your workspace so for each

of these environment we can create your

workspace which is nothing but a copy of

this um uh config file and each of this

workpace will maintain its own uh State

file so when we when I execute the

config file in the respective workspaces

it will get executed in the respective

um enironment so this is where we can

make use of your

workspaces the next question you have is

you have made changes to your terraform

configuration and now you want to

preview the execution Plan before

applying the changes how would you do

this so terraform provid proves us with

a command for this so we have this

command called terraform plan which we

can use to um review the execution plan

as to what exactly your terraform is

changing or what what actions my

terraform is going to take when I

execute the configuration file so this

provides us with a detailed overview of

the changes that terraform will apply

when I execute that configuration code

so we can make use of your terraform

plan for this the next question we have

is your team has decided to adopt G Ops

practices for managing infrastructure

with terraform how would you integrate

terraform with Version Control Systems

like uh git so like any Version Control

System git is also version control

system that we can use and like how like

how we maintain all our code we can also

maintain our terraform configuration

files on GitHub in this case G or GitHub

so uh we can maintain different

different versions of your code and we

can start managing the uh code using

this GitHub so we can also Leverage

branching strategy for different

different environments and we can follow

a gitops uh workflow for uh change so

basically um we can start pushing our

code to uh GitHub and start maintaining

branching strategy that we want to

follow to uh depending on the

environments that you have been working

on the next question we have is you need

to manage the infrastructure Secrets

such as your database passwords uh in

your terraform configuration so what

method or provider might you use so like

we already discussed it is always

recommended that we should not keep our

sensitive data within uh terraform

config file so we'll have to make use of

external data source or we'll have to

use a secret manager to maintain our

sensitive data okay so Secrets manager

could be the service that we have in AWS

or you can make use of your hash or vaal

to store your sensitive data so avoid

hardcoding your secrets in configuration

so it's never recommended to hard code

your secrets within the configuration

file it's always a

risk if the code gets Exposed on a

public repo so anyone can see those uh

sensitive data so we should never be

hardcoding the data the next question we

have is your team wants to ensure that

the infrastructure is consistently

provisioned across multiple environments

how would you implement a consistent

environment configuration so again for

this we can make use of your terraform

modules which uh helps us to make our

code reusable so let's say for example

you have an ec2 instance and this

instance needs to be launched in your

Dev uat and prod environment now we can

make use of the same code by calling the

terraform modules by calling the

terraform modules to execute the

configuration file on the respective

environment so module abstracts your

complexity and it mainly promotes your

code consistency so we'll have the same

piece of code but then the variables

will uh change based on the environment

that we are executing but the main

configuration file will remain the same

and that way we can ensure that all the

environments will have same consistency

in terms of your infrastructure

setup the next question we have is your

task with migrating your existing

infrastructure from terraform version

0.11 to version 0.12 so what kind of

considerations and steps would you uh

take so whenever we are upgrading our

terraform from one version to another

version we have to make sure that we

update the syntax in the configurations

file accordingly address any deprecated

features and handle any breaking changes

so we have to make sure that we take

care of this and also we can utilize

this command which is a terraform 0.1 to

upgrade command to automatically handle

some of these updates uh for us okay so

uh these are the few of the things that

we'll have to make sure that we keep in

mind whenever we are upgrading from one

version to another

version the next question we have is

explain a situation where you might need

to use terraform taint and what effect

it has on resources so terraform taint

can be used whenever you want to destroy

and recreate a resource so let's say for

example you have an ec2 instance and

let's say the instance is corrupted I

want to destroy that and launch a new

instance so we can make use of your

terraform taint for that so terraform

taint mainly helps you to recreate your

uh resources okay so um could be for any

reason the server is no longer working

as expected we can destroy that and

recreate it by making use of your

terraform taint so with this you'll be

marking the resource as tainted so that

the next time when I do a terraform

apply aform apply will know that a

resource has been tainted and it will

replace that with a stable resource for

us so use it when a resource needs to be

replaced such as when updating certain

attributes that cannot be changed in

place the next question we have is your

team is adopting gitlab cicd for

automating terraform work workflows

descri describe how would you structure

your cicd pipeline for terraform

including key stages so uh with this

essentially when we talk about your cicd

stages we'll have your init plan we'll

have the plan and then the apply so init

is where we'll initialize your terraform

uh configuration files plan will help us

to generate a preview of the actions

your terraform is going to take and then

apply can be used to execute those uh

plan for us okay so other than this it

is also recommended that we use

environment specific variables and then

protect our sensitive data and also

Implement manual approval steps so you

know uh do not have Auto approvals for

your terraform apply always have a

manual approval for any critical changes

that we have okay so these are some of

the recommendations that we'll have to

keep in mind uh when we start setting up

your cicd for your terraform execution

so there you have it we have covered 15

scenario based interview question that

you can expect as part of terraform um

this is something that you can

definitely expect

in terms of your devops interview on on

the terraform tool if you found the

video helpful give it a thumbs up uh

don't forget to like the video and

subscribe to the channel for more um

insights on uh devops um until next time

happy

learning