LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

HISTORIA

7 Dec 201608:08

Summary

TLDRThe script narrates the life of José Rizal, a multifaceted genius born in Calamba, Laguna, on June 18, 1861. Rizal was a prolific writer, ophthalmologist, and revolutionary who contributed significantly to Philippine history. He mastered 22 languages and was deeply involved in various fields, from arts to sciences. His writings, including the novel 'Noli Me Tangere,' sparked the Philippine revolution. Rizal faced a military trial for rebellion and was executed on December 30, 1896. His legacy of courage, intellect, and peaceful resistance continues to inspire Filipinos today.

Takeaways

📜 José Rizal was born on June 18, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Morales, with a family of 11 children.
👨‍🌾 His father, Francisco Mercado, was a hardworking farmer, while his mother, Teodora Alonso, was a cultured and educated woman.
🎓 Rizal studied at Ateneo and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1877, then continued his education at the University of Santo Tomas and later in Spain.
👨‍⚕️ He became a doctor of medicine, specializing in ophthalmology, to cure his mother's eye ailment, studying in Spain, Paris, and Germany.
✍️ Rizal was a versatile genius, mastering 22 languages, and excelling in various fields such as sculpting, architecture, poetry, business, history, and medicine.
📚 He authored the famous novel 'Noli Me Tangere', which criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.
❤️ Rizal had significant relationships with nine women throughout his life, including Segunda Katigbak and Josephine Bracken.
⚖️ On December 26, 1896, he was tried by a military court and found guilty of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy due to his writings.
🚔 Rizal was executed by a firing squad on December 30, 1896, at the age of 35, in Manila, but he attempted to face the firing squad with dignity.
🌟 Today, José Rizal is remembered as a national hero for his intellectual brilliance, peaceful resistance against Spanish colonization, and patriotism.

Q & A

Who were the parents of José Rizal, and what were their occupations?
-José Rizal's parents were Francisco Mercado, an industrious farmer, and Teodora Morales Alonso, a highly cultured woman. Francisco was considered a model father, while Teodora was known for being a loving and prudent mother.
How many siblings did José Rizal have, and what was his position among them?
-José Rizal had ten siblings, making a total of 11 children in his family. He was the seventh child.
What was significant about José Rizal's education and early life?
-José Rizal's first teacher was his mother, from whom he learned the alphabet and prayers. He later attended Ateneo de Manila University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1877. He also studied at the University of Santo Tomas before going to Spain for further education.
Why did José Rizal choose to specialize in ophthalmology?
-José Rizal chose to specialize in ophthalmology because he wanted to cure his mother's growing eye ailment.
Which countries did José Rizal travel to during his time in Europe?
-During his time in Europe, José Rizal traveled to countries including Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
What were some of José Rizal's significant accomplishments and skills?
-José Rizal was a versatile genius, excelling in various fields such as sculpture, architecture, poetry, economics, business, education, history, invention, journalism, farming, cartooning, and music. He mastered 22 languages, including Greek, Hebrew, Chinese, English, and Spanish.
What were the charges against José Rizal that led to his execution?
-José Rizal was found guilty of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy by a military court. The Spanish authorities believed that his writings incited rebellion.
When and where was José Rizal executed?
-José Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, at 7:00 a.m. in Bagumbayan, now known as Luneta Park, in Manila, Philippines.
What is José Rizal's legacy in the Philippines?
-José Rizal is remembered in the Philippines for his brilliance, courage, peaceful resistance, and compassion. He is a national hero, and Filipino schoolchildren study his literary works. His execution helped inspire the Philippines' declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898.
What was the title of José Rizal's first novel, and why is it significant?
-José Rizal's first novel was titled 'Noli Me Tangere.' It is significant because it exposed the social injustices in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule and played a crucial role in the country's struggle for independence.

Outlines

00:00

👶 The Early Life and Family of José Rizal

This paragraph covers the early life and family background of José Rizal, a national hero of the Philippines. It details his birth on June 18, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, to parents Francisco and Teodora. The narrative introduces Rizal's family members, including his siblings, with notes on their professions, life events, and significant dates. Rizal's early education is briefly mentioned, highlighting his mother's role as his first teacher and his later studies at Ateneo and the University of Santo Tomas. The paragraph also touches on Rizal's decision to study medicine in Spain without informing his parents, his travels across Europe, and his specialization in ophthalmology, driven by his desire to cure his brother's eye ailment.

05:05

📜 Rizal's Achievements and Execution

This paragraph highlights the accomplishments and the tragic end of José Rizal. It lists the extensive range of his talents, including his mastery of 22 languages and his work as a writer, artist, and scientist. Rizal's involvement in the Philippine Revolution is noted, leading to his arrest and trial by the Spanish authorities, who found him guilty of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy. His execution by firing squad on December 30, 1896, is recounted, with Rizal attempting to face his executioners before being shot. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing Rizal's lasting legacy in the Philippines, where he is remembered for his intellectual contributions, bravery, and peaceful advocacy for reform.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡José Rizal

José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist, writer, and revolutionary who played a key role in the Philippine fight for independence from Spanish colonial rule. Born on June 18, 1861, Rizal is remembered for his contributions to literature and his peaceful resistance against colonial oppression. The script narrates his life, emphasizing his education, travels, and the impact of his works, such as the novel 'Noli Me Tangere,' which stirred the revolution.

💡Calamba, Laguna

Calamba, Laguna is the birthplace of José Rizal, located in the Philippines. The town is significant in Rizal's life as it shaped his early years and his awareness of the social injustices imposed by Spanish colonizers. The script mentions Calamba as the starting point of Rizal's journey, both in terms of his personal history and his eventual role as a national hero.

💡Noli Me Tangere

'Noli Me Tangere' is a novel written by José Rizal, which exposed the abuses of the Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. The book is a cornerstone in Philippine literature and sparked national consciousness among Filipinos. In the script, it is highlighted as one of Rizal's significant works that contributed to his eventual execution by the Spanish authorities, who feared its revolutionary impact.

💡Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology refers to the branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of eye disorders. José Rizal specialized in ophthalmology in Europe, specifically to cure his mother's eye ailment. The script describes his journey to Paris and Germany, where he trained under renowned ophthalmologists, showcasing his dedication to both his family and his professional development.

💡Execution by Firing Squad

José Rizal was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, after being found guilty of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy by a Spanish military court. His execution is a pivotal event in Philippine history, symbolizing the sacrifices made in the struggle for independence. The script vividly recounts the moments leading up to his execution, highlighting Rizal's calm demeanor and final act of defiance by attempting to face his executioners.

💡Spanish Colonial Rule

Spanish Colonial Rule refers to the period when Spain colonized the Philippines, imposing its culture, religion, and governance on the Filipino people. The script explores this theme by detailing the injustices and hardships experienced under Spanish rule, which inspired Rizal and other revolutionaries to fight for independence. Rizal's works, such as 'Noli Me Tangere,' directly criticized the Spanish authorities, leading to his execution.

💡Ateneo de Manila

Ateneo de Manila is a prestigious educational institution in the Philippines where José Rizal studied and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree. The script mentions his time at Ateneo, which played a crucial role in his intellectual development and his exposure to liberal ideas. His education there laid the foundation for his later work as a writer and nationalist.

💡Philippine Revolution

The Philippine Revolution was a movement that aimed to end Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The script connects José Rizal's writings and ideas to the broader revolutionary efforts, even though Rizal himself advocated for peaceful reform rather than violent uprising. Despite this, his execution became a catalyst for the revolution, making him a martyr for the cause of independence.

💡University of Santo Tomas

The University of Santo Tomas (UST) is a major educational institution in the Philippines where José Rizal began his higher education, studying cosmology, metaphysics, and philosophy. The script references his time at UST, which influenced his critical thinking and his eventual shift towards activism. Rizal's experience at UST, including his disillusionment with the conservative atmosphere, propelled him to seek further studies abroad.

💡Languages Mastery

José Rizal was a polyglot, mastering 22 languages including Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, English, and Japanese. This linguistic skill is highlighted in the script as a testament to his intellectual prowess and his ability to communicate across different cultures. His language mastery also played a role in his writings and diplomatic efforts during his travels in Europe, Asia, and America.

Highlights

José Rizal, born on June 18, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, was the seventh child in a family of 11 children.

Rizal's father, Francisco Mercado, was an industrious farmer, while his mother, Teodora Alonso, was a highly cultured woman.

Rizal was educated by his mother in his early years, learning the alphabet and prayers at the age of three.

He entered Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1872 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree on March 23, 1877.

Rizal pursued medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas and later traveled to Spain, enrolling at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

He graduated with a medical degree in 1884 at the age of 23, specializing in ophthalmology to cure his mother's eye ailment.

During his stay in Paris, Rizal trained under Dr. Louis de Wecker, treating numerous patients daily in ophthalmology.

Rizal traveled extensively across Europe, including Spain, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland, enriching his knowledge and writing his first novel.

Rizal finished his first novel, 'Noli Me Tangere,' which became a significant work in Filipino history.

He mastered 22 languages, including Greek, Hebrew, Chinese, English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, and several Filipino dialects.

Rizal was a versatile genius, excelling as a sculptor, architect, poet, businessman, artist, educator, historian, inventor, novelist, and ophthalmologist.

On December 26, 1896, a military court found Rizal guilty of rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy, leading to his execution on December 30, 1896.

Rizal was executed at Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park) at the age of 35, facing the firing squad with his back turned and attempting to face them before his death.

Rizal is remembered as a national hero in the Philippines for his brilliance, peaceful resistance, and compassion.

The Philippines declared its independence from Spain on June 12, 1898, two years after Rizal's execution, marking a significant moment in Filipino history.