English File Pre Intermediate Third Edition - unit 10A - track 4.37

Summary

This episode of 'Science Today' highlights the contributions of women inventors who have significantly impacted modern life. From Josephine Cochran's dishwasher in 1886 to Mary Anderson's windshield wipers in 1903, these inventions have made daily tasks easier. Marion Donovan's disposable diapers in 1950 revolutionized childcare, while Betty Graham's 'Lipstick' (Tip-Ex) in 1956 simplified corrections. Stephanie Kwolek's Kevlar in 1966, a material stronger than steel, has saved countless lives through bulletproof vests. The program challenges the notion that all inventions are male-led, showcasing the ingenuity of women.

Takeaways

• 👩‍🔬 The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochran in 1886 to address the issue of her servants breaking dishes during washing.
• 🍽 Josephine's invention was initially adopted by hotels and restaurants before becoming a household appliance used worldwide.
• 🚗 Mary Anderson invented the windscreen wipers in 1903, solving the visibility problem for drivers during rain or snow.
• 👶 Marion Donovan created disposable nappies in 1950, which significantly eased the lives of parents and later evolved into more eco-friendly options.
• 📝 Betty Naismith Graham invented 'Lipstick', also known as 'Mistake Out' or 'Tip-Ex', in 1956 to correct typing errors without starting over.
• 💄 Mrs. Graham's invention turned her into a wealthy woman and her son Mike Naismith became a member of the famous American group, The Monkees.
• 🛡️ Stephanie Kwolek invented Kevlar in 1966, a material stronger than steel and lighter, which is used in bulletproof vests.
• 🏆 Kevlar's invention has potentially saved thousands of lives, highlighting the impact of women's contributions in safety and security.
• 🌟 The script emphasizes that women inventors have made significant contributions to various aspects of modern life, challenging the common perception that invention is a male-dominated field.
• 📚 The program 'Science Today' highlights the stories of women inventors, bringing their achievements to light and inspiring future generations.
• 🔍 The script serves as a reminder to look beyond the obvious and recognize the often-overlooked contributions of women in the field of invention.

Q & A

What invention is discussed at the beginning of the script that has made a significant impact on daily life?

The script begins by discussing the invention of the dishwasher by Josephine Cochran, which has made a significant impact on daily life by making dishwashing more efficient and safe.

Who is credited with the invention of the dishwasher, and why did she invent it?

Josephine Cochran is credited with inventing the dishwasher. She invented it because she was annoyed by her servants breaking plates and glasses while washing them after parties.

What was the initial market for Josephine Cochran's dishwasher invention?

Initially, Josephine Cochran's dishwasher was targeted at hotels and restaurants, but it has since become a household appliance used by millions worldwide.

Which woman invented the windscreen wipers, and what problem did it solve?

Mary Anderson invented the windscreen wipers, solving the problem of drivers not being able to see clearly during rain or snowfall, as they previously had to open their windows.

What significant contribution did Marion Donovan make to childcare with her invention?

Marion Donovan invented disposable nappies, which significantly improved the convenience and hygiene of childcare by allowing for easy disposal after use.

Why was Marion Donovan's invention of disposable nappies not immediately adopted by companies?

Although Marion Donovan invented disposable nappies in 1950, it took until 1961 for an American company to buy her idea, indicating a lag in the adoption of this innovation.

What invention by Betty Naismith Graham revolutionized the way secretaries handled typing mistakes?

Betty Naismith Graham invented a white liquid called 'Type-X' that could be used to paint over typing mistakes, eliminating the need to start over on a new sheet of paper.

What was the impact of Betty Naismith Graham's invention on her personal life?

Betty Naismith Graham's invention of 'Type-X' made her a very rich woman, and her son Mike Naismith became a famous pop star as a member of the American group, the Monkees.

Who invented Kevlar, and what is its primary use?

Stephanie Kwolek invented Kevlar, a material that is incredibly strong and lightweight, primarily used in the production of bulletproof vests.

How has Stephanie Kwolek's invention of Kevlar potentially impacted lives globally?

Stephanie Kwolek's invention of Kevlar has likely saved thousands of lives by providing effective protection in bulletproof vests for policemen, soldiers, and politicians worldwide.

What is the overarching theme of the script in terms of historical contributions?

The overarching theme of the script is to highlight the significant yet often overlooked contributions of women inventors throughout history who have made substantial impacts on various aspects of modern life.