MUSIC Grade 9 - Music of Classical Period - (2nd Quarter MAPEH)
Summary
TLDRIn today's lesson, we explore the music of the Classical period (1750-1820), focusing on its cultural context and notable forms like the sonata, concerto, and symphony. The lecture highlights the era's aristocratic patronage and introduces key composers such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, discussing their contributions and famous works. The lesson concludes with the influence of Classical music on modern media and assignments for further study.
Takeaways
- 🎼 The Classical Period, also known as the Age of Reason, spanned from 1750 to 1820 and was characterized by music that was formal, elegant, simple, and dignified.
- 🏛 The aristocracy dominated cultural life during the Classical Era, influencing the arts and music as patrons of musicians and artists.
- 🎵 Harmony and texture in Classical music were predominantly homophonic, meaning a single melody with accompanying harmony.
- 🎹 The Sonata, a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, typically included three movements: fast (Allegro), slow (Andante/Largo), and a Minuet in triple time.
- 🎻 Sonata Allegro form was a significant development of the Classical Era, consisting of an exposition, development, and recapitulation sections.
- 🎼 The Concerto was a multi-movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra, often featuring a fast finale in rondo form.
- 🎵 The Symphony, derived from 'sinfonia', was a multi-movement work for the whole orchestra, typically with four movements.
- 🎭 Opera was a popular vocal music form during the Classical period, with two distinct styles: Opera Seria (serious opera) and Opera Buffa (comic opera).
- 🎶 Important musical terms from the period include 'Sinfonia', 'Aria', 'Recitative', 'Bel Canto', and 'Alberti Bass', a broken chord accompaniment pattern.
- 👨🎻 Prominent composers of the Classical period include Joseph Haydn, known as the father of the symphony; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a child prodigy; and Ludwig van Beethoven, who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras.
- 🎧 The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven continue to be popular today and are often used in animated series and other modern media.
Q & A
What is the time period of the Classical era in music?
-The Classical era in music is from 1750 to 1820.
Who dominated the cultural life during the Classical period?
-The aristocracy dominated the cultural life during the Classical period.
What does the term 'Classical' denote in relation to music?
-The term 'Classical' denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greek and Roman literature and art, which were formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified.
What is a sonata and how many movements does it typically have?
-A sonata is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, typically having three movements: Allegro (fast), Andante/Largo (slow), and Minuet (moderate or fast).
What is the sonata-allegro form and what are its three sections?
-The sonata-allegro form is the most important form developed during the Classical era. It consists of three sections: Exposition (introduces the theme), Development (middle part where themes are developed), and Recapitulation (repeats the theme as it first emerged in the exposition).
What is a concerto and what are its movements?
-A concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It has three movements: fast (sonata-allegro form), slow (with more ornamentation), and fast (finale, usually in rondo form).
What is a symphony and how many movements does it generally have?
-A symphony is a multi-movement work for orchestra. It generally has four movements: fast (sonata-allegro form), slow (gentle, lyrical, typically ABA form or theme and variation), medium or fast (dance form like minuet or scherzo), and fast (typically rondo or sonata form).
What is an opera and what are its two distinct styles during the Classical period?
-An opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles during the Classical period are Opera Seria (serious opera with heroic or tragic drama) and Opera Buffa (comic opera from Italy with everyday characters and situations).
Who are three famous composers from the Classical period and what are some of their notable works?
-Three famous composers from the Classical period are: 1) Franz Joseph Haydn (Surprise Symphony, The Clock, The Military), 2) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute), 3) Ludwig van Beethoven (Symphony No. 3 'Eroica', Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 9 'Choral').
How did the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven influence modern media?
-The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are still popular today and are commonly used as music in animated series of popular cartoon companies such as Looney Tunes, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, and Pixar.
Outlines
🎵 Introduction to Classical Music
The lesson begins with an introduction to the classical period of music, spanning from 1750 to 1820. This era, known as the Age of Reason, saw significant changes in musical forms and styles influenced by the aristocracy. Music of this period is characterized by formal, elegant, simple, and dignified compositions. The lesson highlights homophonic harmony and introduces key instrumental music forms such as sonata, sonata-allegro form, concerto, and symphony, detailing their structures and characteristics.
🎭 Classical Opera and Key Terms
This section explores the two main styles of classical opera: opera seria (serious opera) and opera buffa (comic opera). It explains how opera seria features mythological and heroic themes, while opera buffa involves everyday characters and humor. The section also defines important musical terms like singspiel, aria, recitative, bel canto, grand opera, music drama, and alberti bass, providing a deeper understanding of the components and styles of classical vocal music.
🎼 Famous Classical Composers
An introduction to prominent classical composers: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. Haydn, known as the father of the symphony, rose from poverty to fame. Mozart, a child prodigy, composed over 700 works but lived in poverty due to financial mismanagement. Beethoven, who continued to compose despite going deaf, bridged the classical and romantic eras. The section also highlights some of their famous works and mentions how their music is still popular today, often used in animated series and movies.
📚 Summary and Activities
The lesson concludes by emphasizing that classical music was closely associated with nobility, as wealthy patrons supported musicians who performed in courts. This association continues in some parts of the world, although radio and TV have made classical music more accessible to the masses. The lesson ends with instructions for students' activities in their music modules for the second quarter, noting that module 3 follows module 1 due to the absence of module 2.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Classical Period
💡Homophonic
💡Sonata
💡Sonata Allegro Form
💡Concerto
💡Symphony
💡Opera
💡Bel Canto
💡Alberti Bass
💡Joseph Haydn
💡Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
💡Ludwig van Beethoven
Highlights
The classical period, also known as the Age of Reason, spanned from 1750 to 1820.
Cultural life during the classical era was dominated by the aristocracy who influenced the arts as patrons.
Significant changes in musical forms and styles occurred during the classical period.
The term 'classical' denotes conformity with the principles of ancient Greek and Roman literature and art.
Harmony and texture during the classical period are generally homophonic.
A sonata is a multi-movement work for a solo instrument, with three distinct movements.
The sonata allegro form is the most important form developed during the classical era, consisting of exposition, development, and recapitulation sections.
A concerto is a multi-movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra, typically in three movements.
The symphony is a multi-movement work for the whole orchestra, derived from the word 'sinfonia'.
Classical opera became popular during the classical period, with two distinct styles: opera seria and opera buffa.
Opera seria refers to serious operas with heroic or tragic drama, often involving mythological characters.
Opera buffa, or comic opera, originated from Italy and features everyday characters and situations.
Important terms to remember include sinfonia, aria, recitative, bel canto, grand opera, and alberti bass.
Joseph Haydn is known as the father of the symphony and composed many symphonies with nicknames.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a child prodigy and composed over 700 works in various musical genres.
Ludwig van Beethoven bridged the late classical era and the early romantic era as a composer and pianist.
Beethoven continued composing even after becoming deaf, with famous works like the Moonlight Sonata and Symphony No. 9.
The works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are still popular today and are used in animated series and cartoons.
Classical music of the era was associated with the nobility and played in courts, making it more familiar to the upper classes.
With the advent of radio and TV, classical music became more accessible to the masses.
Transcripts
[Music]
good day students
in today's lesson we will be proceeding
to another mapping component
which is music the second quarter lesson
for music will focus on the classical
period
so let's start with a little background
about the classical times
and the kind of music produced during
this time
the classical era also called age of
reason
is the period from 1750 to 1820.
the cultural life was dominated by the
aristocracy
as patrons of musicians and artists who
generally
influenced the arts significant changes
in musical forms and styles were made
the term classical denotes conformity
with the principles and characteristics
of ancient greece
and roman literature and art which were
formal
elegant simple freed and dignified
harmony and texture during the classical
period
is homophonic in general
now let's proceed to the different vocal
and instrumental music
that became famous during the classical
period
let's start with the different kinds of
instrumental music
meaning music that has no voice and only
music
the first one is what we call sonata
this is a multi-movement work for solo
instrument
sonata came from the word sonare which
means
to make a sound this term is applied to
a variety of works for a solo instrument
such as keyboard or violin there are
three movements in a sonata
first movement is allegro which is a
fast
movement second movement has a slow
tempo
like andante largo etc
this is mostly lyrical and emotional
and the third movement is called minuet
it is in three four time and in a
moderate or fast
tempo next one is what we call
sonata allegra form this is the most
important form
that was developed during the classical
era and it consists
of three distinct sections the first
section
is called exposition this is the first
part of a composition
in sonata form that introduces the theme
second is development this is the middle
part of the sonata allegro form
wherein themes are being developed
and last section is called
recapitulation
this repeats the theme as they first
emerge
in the opening exposition
next one is called concerto concerto is
a multi-movement work
designed for an instrumental soloist and
orchestra
a concerto has three movements the first
movement
is fast which is the sonata allegra form
with expositions of the orchestra and
then
by the soloist the second movement is
slow
it has more ornamentation than the first
movement
and the third movement is fast which is
the finale
and it is usually in the form of rondo
resembling the last movement of the
symphony and usually a short cadenza
is used next is what we call
symphony this is a multi-movement work
for orchestra
the symphony is derived from the word
sinfonia
which literally means a harmonious
sounding together
it is a classical music for the whole
orchestra
it generally has four movements
first movement is fast sonata allegra
form
second movement is slow gentle
lyrical and typical aba form
or theme and variation third movement is
medium or fast
which uses a dance form which is minute
or skarzo fourth movement
is fast typically rondo or sonata form
after the instrumental music there is
one particular vocal music that became
popular
during the classical time and it was the
classical opera
opera is a drama set to music where
singers and musicians
perform in a theatrical setting it has
two distinct styles
first one is called opera seria
which means serious opera
usually implies heroic or tragic drama
that employs mythological characters
which was
inherited from the period
second style is opera buffa which means
comic opera this is from italy
which made use of everyday characters
and situations
and typically employed spoken dialogues
lengthy arias and was spiced with sight
gags
naughty humor and social satire
here are some other important terms to
remember in this lesson
the first one is sin spill
this is an opera based on a serious plot
that usually revolves around
mythological beings
such as gods and goddesses
arya a separate song usually for one
voice
recitative it's the style of delivery
in which a singer can adopt the rhythms
and delivery of the ordinary
speech bel canto is an italian phrase
which means beautiful singing
grand opera means a spectacular opera
music drama is a style of opera that is
created by a single artist
who writes both the text and the music
to advance the drama alberti bass
which is a special type of broken chord
accompaniment where the chord is played
in this order
lowest note to highest note the middle
note
to highest note then repeats the pattern
now i will introduce you to the famous
classical music composers
and their musical pieces
first we have friends youssef haydn
he is one of the most prominent
composers of the classical period his
life is described as
rags to riches he came from a poor
family
and his music led to his rise in social
status
he was named the father of the symphony
most of his symphonies have nicknames
such as
the surprise symphony the clock
and the military
next is wolfgang amadeus mozart
mozart is a child prodigy and the most
amazing genius in musical history
he experimented in all kinds of music
and composed
over 700 words unfortunately
jota mismanaged finances he lived his
life
in poverty he composed wonderful
concertos
symphonies and opera such as the
marriage of figaro
don giovanni and the magic flute which
became popular
other known works are incline knot music
symphony number 40 in g major
and sonata number 11 in a major
k311
another is ludwig van beethoven
he was the composer who bridged the late
classical era
and the early romantic era he was a
talented pianist and composer he began
to go deaf
in 1796 but this did not became a
hindrance
he continued composing through the help
of an assistant
and hearing gadget some of his famous
compositions were made
when he was deaf his works include
famous symphonies like symphony number
three
like heroica number five
number six which is pastoral and number
nine which is
coral other famous works are
piano sonata number 14 in c sharp minor
which is the moonlight sonata
piano concerto number five entitled
emperor
in e flat major symphony number 5
c minor and the most famous one which is
fur elise
did you know that works of haydn mozart
and beethoven
are still popular today their
compositions are now commonly used as
music
to animated series of popular cartoon
companies such as
looney tunes warner brothers 20th
century fox
pixar etc here are some examples
watch and listen to these videos
so
[Music]
to generalize all the lesson just
remember that music of the classical era
is usually associated with the nobility
for the rich people
during that time most of the members of
the nobility
would financially support the musicians
music was played in the courts which
makes the music of the classical era
more familiar to the nobility than the
lower classes
this association of the rich and
classical music
is still being experienced in some parts
of the world
however with the dawn of radio and tv
classical music may now be experienced
by the masses
and that is all for our lesson today i
hope you learned many things about the
music of the classical period
this time here are the activities you
need to do
in your music modules this second
quarter
if you have noticed after module 1 is
already
module 3 that's because there is no
module 2 in music
the next one is already entitled module
3.
so even if it is module 3 it is just the
second module
and that would be the end of our
discussion today
thank you for listening and see you in
our next lesson
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