West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali & Songhai
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the rich history of West Africa, focusing on the Mali and Songhai Empires from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Highlighting legendary figures like Sundiata Keita and Mansa Musa, it showcases their military prowess, cultural achievements, and economic influence through gold and trans-Saharan trade. The script also touches on the empires' architectural marvels, Islamic scholarship, and the intriguing tale of Abu Bakar II's possible voyage to America, reflecting the region's complex and vibrant past.
Takeaways
- 🎶 The djembe and delune drums of Mali are symbolic of the historical significance of the region, heralding the arrival of kings and warriors who dominated West Africa from the 13th century for over 300 years.
- 🏰 The Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire were renowned for their cultural richness and were admired across the world, with famous figures like Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa, and Askia Mohammed playing pivotal roles in their development.
- 📚 Timbuktu was a center of scholarship, housing one of the world's largest universities and becoming a hub for Islamic learning and intellectual pursuits.
- 🛶 The Mali Empire's wealth was significantly based on trans-Saharan trade, with gold, millet, sorghum, and slaves being key commodities, and the Tuareg people playing a crucial role as nomadic traders.
- 💎 Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325 demonstrated the empire's wealth, as he spent lavishly and influenced the economy of Egypt, leading to a temporary devaluation of gold.
- 🛣️ The empires of Mali and Songhai were characterized by their vast territories and elaborate political power structures, with the Songhai Empire eventually eclipsing Mali in size and influence.
- 🌍 There are historical claims and debates about African explorers, possibly including Abu Bakar II, reaching the Americas before Columbus, suggesting early transoceanic trade links between Africa and the Americas.
- 🕌 The spread of Islam was a significant factor in the cultural and religious transformation of the Mali Empire, with leaders like Mansa Musa and Askia Mohammed promoting its adoption and practice.
- 📖 The University of Timbuktu was a major center for the production of books and intellectual exchange, with relationships with other learning centers across the Islamic world.
- 📜 The preservation of ancient manuscripts in private collections, such as that of Abdul Qader Mama, highlights the ongoing importance of safeguarding historical knowledge and cultural heritage.
- 🗽 The Songhai Empire's legacy of social cohesion, political stability, and scholarly achievement contributed to its respect and influence in West Africa until its decline in the late 16th century.
Q & A
What is the historical significance of the djembe and delune drums in Mali?
-The djembe and delune drums of Mali are significant as they herald the arrival of kings and warriors who dominated West Africa from the 13th century for over 300 years, symbolizing the beginning of the Mali and Songhai empires.
Who were the prominent kings of the Mali and Songhai empires?
-The prominent kings of the Mali and Songhai empires included Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa, Abu Bakar II, and Askia Mohammed.
What was the economic foundation of the Ghana Empire?
-The Ghana Empire's economy was based mainly on gold, millet, sorghum, and slaves, trading with nomadic Tuareg and other Saharan merchants for salt, textiles, and exotic goods.
How did Sundiata Keita play a role in the Mali Empire's expansion?
-Sundiata Keita, after a series of battles and strategic maneuvers, managed to recover territory from the old Ghana Empire and extend the boundaries of his empire, forming alliances and securing the allegiance of many kings.
What was the role of trans-Saharan trade in the Mali Empire's economy?
-Trans-Saharan trade was crucial to the Mali Empire's economy, with merchants known as doulas controlling caravans that traded across the Sahara, exchanging gold for goods like salt and textiles.
What cultural changes did Islam bring to the Mali Empire?
-Islam brought significant cultural changes to the Mali Empire, including the adoption of Islamic practices and the construction of mosques and other buildings in the Sudanese style.
What is the significance of Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325?
-Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325 is significant because he brought a large amount of gold, which affected the economy of Egypt and showcased the wealth of the Mali Empire.
What is the historical controversy surrounding Abu Bakar II's voyage across the Atlantic?
-The historical controversy surrounding Abu Bakar II's voyage is whether he was the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean before Columbus, potentially establishing trade links with the Americas.
How did Askia Mohammed contribute to the Songhai Empire's development?
-Askia Mohammed contributed to the Songhai Empire's development by promoting universities and centers of learning, establishing Islam as the state religion, and encouraging the production of printed material.
What was the fate of the Songhai Empire?
-The Songhai Empire lasted until around 1590 when it succumbed to invasion by the Moroccan army, which sought to expand their own empire.
What is the importance of the Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu?
-The Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu was an important center for Islamic scholarship and education, serving as a university with connections to other learning institutions across the Islamic world.
Outlines
🎶 The Rise of Mali and Songhai Empires 🎶
This paragraph introduces the Mali and Songhai Empires, highlighting their historical significance in West Africa from the 13th to the 16th century. It emphasizes the cultural richness and military prowess of the kings who ruled these empires, such as Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa, and Askia Mohammed. The Mali Empire's emergence post the decline of the Ghana Empire and its economic prosperity based on gold, millet, and slave trade are discussed. The paragraph also touches upon the trans-Saharan trade with the Tuareg and the cultural and religious practices of the time, including the rise of Islam and the preservation of traditional animist rituals.
🛶 Sundiata Keita and the Mali Empire's Expansion 🛶
The second paragraph delves into the life and achievements of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali Empire. It describes his exile, his strategic battles, and how he reclaimed his heritage to form alliances that expanded the empire's boundaries. The paragraph also discusses the economic aspects of the Mali Empire, focusing on the trans-Saharan trade and the influence of the Doulas merchants. It mentions the cultural artifacts, like terracotta statues, that reflect the pre-Islamic culture and the spread of Islam during Sundiata's reign, as well as the griot tradition of recounting history through verse.
🌊 Mansa Musa's Legacy and the Trans-Atlantic Voyage 🌊
This paragraph explores the reign of Mansa Musa, known for his extravagant pilgrimage to Mecca and the economic impact of his gold distribution. It also presents the controversial theory of Mansa Musa's trans-Atlantic voyage, suggesting a pre-Columbian contact between Africa and America. The paragraph discusses the architectural and cultural developments during his rule, including the introduction of new building styles and the establishment of Timbuktu as a center of Islamic scholarship.
🏛️ Timbuktu's Golden Age and the Fall of Mali 🏛️
The fourth paragraph focuses on the golden age of Timbuktu under the rule of Mansa Musa, detailing the architectural legacy and the city's transformation into a hub of Islamic learning. It also outlines the political and economic decline of the Mali Empire following Mansa Musa's death, marked by dynastic struggles and the weakening of the empire's power and trade networks.
📚 Askia Mohammed and the Songhai Empire's Ascendancy 📚
The paragraph discusses the rise of the Songhai Empire and the reign of Askia Mohammed, who is credited with developing universities and centers of learning, and establishing Islam as the state religion. It highlights the empire's social cohesion, political stability, and scholarly achievements, as well as its economic expansion through successful irrigation projects.
📜 The Legacy of Timbuktu's Manuscripts and the Fall of Songhai 📜
The final paragraph celebrates the legacy of the ancient manuscripts of Timbuktu, which cover a wide range of subjects from social sciences to traditional medicine. It tells the story of a local guardian of these manuscripts and the importance of preserving this heritage. The paragraph concludes with the fall of the Songhai Empire to the Moroccan army and reflects on the empire's lasting respect for its social, political, and economic achievements.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Djembe
💡Mali Empire
💡Sundiata Keita
💡Timbuktu
💡Mansa Musa
💡Songhai Empire
💡Sunni Ali
💡Askia Mohammed
💡Trans-Saharan Trade
💡Griot
💡Terracotta Statues
Highlights
The Djembe and Delune drums of Mali herald the arrival of historical kings and warriors who dominated West Africa from the 13th century for over 300 years.
The Mali Empire and Songhai Empires are presented as the stuff of legend, admired for their culture and riches.
The Ghana Empire, which dominated the Manda area between the 4th and 11th centuries, was based mainly on gold, millet, sorghum, and slaves.
The Mali Empire emerged from the ruins of the Ghana Empire, with Sundiata Keita at its head, after a battle between two great warriors.
Sundiata Keita, the son of a hunchback woman, played a crucial role in building the Mali Empire through a series of battles and strategic maneuvers.
By 1240, Sundiata Keita had reclaimed his heritage and formed alliances to defeat the king of Soso, expanding the empire's boundaries.
Under Sundiata, the Mali Empire entered a new era of peace and prosperity, with cities like Timbuktu and Djenne flourishing.
Trans-Saharan commerce was a significant economic aspect of the Mali Empire, with merchants controlling caravans that traded across the Sahara.
Islam grew in importance in the region during the 8th century, but traditional religions and rituals remained prevalent.
Abu Bakar II, known as Mansa Musa, gave up his throne to pursue exploration and adventure, setting off across the Atlantic.
Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325 is noted for his lavish spending, which impacted the economy of Egypt.
Timbuktu became a major center of Islamic scholarship under Mansa Musa, with architectural developments reflecting his influence.
The Songhai Empire, which eclipsed the Mali Empire by the mid-15th century, was known for its vast territories and elaborate political power.
Sonni Ali, a non-Muslim ruler, led the Songhai Empire with a powerful army and navy, maintaining control over numerous kingdoms.
Oscar Mohammed, a later ruler of the Songhai Empire, focused on the development of universities and centers of learning, establishing Islam as the state religion.
The University of Timbuktu was renowned for its relationship with other universities, fostering intellectual exchange and the production of printed material.
The Songhai Empire lasted until around 1590, when it succumbed to invasion by the Moroccan army, but it was respected for its social cohesion, political stability, and scholarly achievements.
Transcripts
the djembe and delune drums of Mali
Herald the arrival on a historical stage
of the kings and warriors who were to
dominate West Africa from the thirteenth
century for more than 300 years a roll
call of men some military geniuses some
great innovators or patrons of
scholarship in the fame city of Timbuktu
enter the manda Kings Sundiata sunny
ali-bear Mansa Musa Abu Bakar II the
second and Oscar Mohammed kings of the
empires of Mali and Songhai we had Great
King the travel a lot we had a great
suggestion we have one of the biggest
university in the world until it - at a
time and formally this very important
area these Kings were to become the
stuff of legend and their empires
admired across the world for their
culture and riches story of Africa
history from an African perspective hot
9 the empires of Mali and Songhai
presented by you question
[Music]
the great empires of Mali and songhay
rose phoenix-like from the ashes of the
ruins of the old garner Empire which had
dominated the manda area between the
fourth and the 11th centuries the Ghana
Empire emerged from the mandate speaking
areas which today span Mali Mauritania
Senegal Guinea Gambia Ivory Coast
Burkina Faso Sierra Leone and Liberia
it's worth was based mainly on gold :
Utz millet sorghum high and slaves they
traded with a nomadic Tuareg zuv a
sahara desert who crossed the Sahel on
camels laden with salt textiles and
exotic goods but by the middle of the
11th century this Empire had begun to
crumble out of the ruins came new
empires which were even bigger and the
demise of one and the rise of others has
inspired many a griot
to put history to verse and recount the
turbulent history of this region
formerly the kings of Ghana extended the
kingdom all over the land inhabited by
the black man but the circle has closed
and the CCA of wackadoo are nothing more
than petty princes in a desolate land
today another Kingdom looms of powerful
[Music]
yeah
[Music]
[Music]
Jonjo in mandingo is a song dedicated to
the bravery of warriors and has been
saddled to all those devoted to
protecting the land and its people since
the era of the Empire of Mali according
to tradition the Mali Empire began after
a battle between two great warriors
Samoa
the king of so-so was according to
legend an evil sorcerer as well as a
strong soldier he had conquered Ghana
and many surrounding kingdoms around
1220 and extended his hold over many
peoples but within a few years he too
was forced to yield to the greater
military power of a rising Kingdom Mali
at the head of this emerging Empire was
a young warrior called Sundiata Keita
[Music]
Sundiata Keita the son of a hunchback
woman had been prevented from taking his
rightful place on the throne of his
father's land of jnana in present-day
Guinea at the age of 18 he fled into
exile with his mother and siblings
professor tabouleh is the director of
the National Ministry of Arts and
Culture in Bamako Mali as Thais Sundiata
played a very important role in the
building of the Empire of Mali not every
information you know the old from the
griot after a series of battles and
strategic maneuvers he managed to
recover mandate territory from the old
Ghana Empire and extend the boundaries
of his empire even further by 1240 he
had not only returned to me Ani to
reclaim his heritage
he had also formed alliances to defeat
the king of us also be for Shunyata
there is just real Kingdom in a Monday
from Mali to Guinea to Gambia to Senegal
name you hear most I mean either Sanjaya
because he was with Bill Doyle vampire
of muddy by the time he was 30 many
kings depended on Sundiata for their
security and indeed their sovereignty
they paid him tribute and in a great
ceremony in kanga bah a historic State
for the Monday near the footage Alan
mountains in Ginny's Highlands twelve
kings of the Savannah proclaimed their
allegiance to Sundiata and he was hailed
monster or Emperor under him the Capitol
neon II and other cities such as Gen a
general entered a new glorious era of
peace and prosperity
dr. Samuel Sidibe is the director of the
National Museum in Bamako important
economic aspect of this ah Speer was was
given by the trans-sahara and commerce
people comes from North Africa for the
father and buy the gold buy slaves and
could to North Africa with this gold on
this claim trade increased through the
work of the doulas the merchants who
controlled the caravan traded across the
Sahara and under sand yatta the
foundation was laid for other even
greater developments and new changes by
the eighth century Islam was growing in
importance in the region people still
practiced traditional religion and many
rituals were still being performed to
appease the gods and Sundiata did not
encourage his people to behave otherwise
the National Museum in Bamako holds a
number of terracotta statues which
reflected this pre Islamic culture have
his knife touches coming from GOG no
dating from the 13th century it is touch
it
linked to animus tradition and we know
that at this period Islam were becoming
very important progenies you know this
touch it has been discovered with the
original have disappear maybe just to
say we are not now enemies but we broke
the head to just say okay this touch is
no more useful for us
my name kolcaba cara de casa da Jolly
manual karate by the time of Sundiata is
death islam had spread throughout the
Empire of Mali sweeping away many
ancient customs such historical events
are the raw material for the aerations
of the griot such as sorry oh dear but I
firmly here she sings in praise of
Sundiata is descendant and the next
great Marlene Emperor
Abubakar II the second Abubakar ii often
known as man de bourree was perhaps one
of the shortest serving of the Malian
rulers who gave up his throne in pursuit
of exploration and adventure by setting
off across the Atlantic once ever waka
the second is the only African who has
trade to go to America before Chris of
column professor Ali lcd is the chief
historian responsible for establishing
the city of Timbuktu as a world heritage
site
so glass in the mandate sing songs about
the history of abu bakr ii and
expedition he has a guised
because he sent his boats from jericho
karate is the project coordinator for an
organization called the quest for Abu
Bakr the second set up to delve into
this fascinating but controversial
chapter in Mali in history we actually
don't want to bring forward the fact
that I work at the second was the first
to ever cross the Atlantic Ocean we know
through evidence that the Vikings from
Norway have been there long before and
also the Chinese they have been there
around year 1000 but a workers crossing
was around the 14th century 13 and 12
this was some 150 years
for Columbus Arab historians were
certainly keen to relate the story of
this fantastic voyage Alomari
wrote about this expedition has told to
him by abu bakar successor
Mansa Musa in 1325 I our source and Musa
how the kingdom fell to him and he said
we belong to a house which hands on the
kingship by inheritance the king who was
my predecessor did not believe it was
impossible to discover the furthest
limit of the Atlantic Ocean and wish
vehemently to do so so he quipped 200
ships filled with men and the same
number equipped with gold water and
provisions enough to last them for years
and said to the man depleted to lead
them do not return until you reach the
end of it alas one ship did return the
captain on board reported that he turned
back when he'd seen a mighty current in
the open sea swallowing the other ships
in a mighty wave but the sultan
disbelieved him then the swords and got
ready two thousand ships one thousand
for himself and the men whom he took
with him and one thousand for water and
provisions he left me to deputize for
him and embarked on the Atlantic Ocean
with his men that was the last we saw of
him and all those who were with him and
so I became king in my own right it has
been said in some books that when
Christopher Columbus went back to Spain
he went along with some spares lances on
tip of Homer there were some gold they
were made a lab analysis of those gold
and it revealed that this coal have the
same consistency as gold found in Monday
area and also Columbus confessed that he
met there some black traders who are
doing some commercial negotiations with
Indians these
statements bring me to say that either
black people have reached the American
continent or somehow the Indians came to
Africa if Abu Bakar II ii did succeed in
reaching America it raises the
tantalizing prospect that Africans and
Indians had developed trading links 600
years ago more than a century before
European explorers claimed to have
discovered the Americas yet as exciting
as the story is the custodians of oral
history in Mali have been silent about
an African landing in America before
Columbus the griots
didn't see weather up worker ii did as a
deserving act for most of them they just
feel as if I work at the second was just
a traitor because he left his kingdom
and he trusted someone with the ruling
and went across the sea what for they
said it's an act of betrayal yet if not
for the abdication of Abu Bakar II the
second the Monday would not have reaped
the benefits of his successor Mansa Musa
or conquer Moosa as is known by some has
been described as one of the most
colorful personalities in West African
history he embraced Islam wholeheartedly
and Islam came to dominate many facets
of society during his reign this is how
al omari recalled Mansa Musa's
pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325 he left his
country with hundred loads of gold which
he spent during his pilgrimage he
forwarded to the royal treasure in Egypt
many Lords of unworked native gold and
other valuables this man flooded Cairo
with his benefactions merchants of
misery and Cairo have told me of the
profits they made from the Africans Gold
was at a high price in Egypt until they
came but from that time its value fell
and he cheapened in price and has
remained cheap
reason of the large amount of gold which
they brought into Egypt and spent there
however Mansa Musa earned a reputation
both home and abroad for more than
lavish spending and the ability to cause
rampant inflation in the remote city of
Timbuktu in northern Mali nestling
amidst the Saharan desert sands
monuments to the architectural legacy
that man samosa introduced still stand
today proud and tall among the sand
dunes are many mosques and other
buildings in the so called Sudanese
style that the king promoted we had a
big mosque called ginger a bear that was
built and it was financed by the king
haku Musa Musa Musa when he went to the
coordinates to Mecca in 1325 when coming
to break from that privilege he's
troubled by Cairo where he met an
architect from Andalusia a wood is hack
si Lee he gave him 40 thousand mythical
of gold to Butte this mosque so he
brought a lifestyle from Saudi Arabia
and from Egypt building in the Mali
Empire was never the same again
now structures in yani Timbuktu and Gow
were to be razed built out of mud and a
stone called Jennifer II such
architecture drew the praises of many
travelers from near and far but this was
not the only legacy he left behind
because of Mansa Musa the Amba of Mali
was known overseas and the AMPA Mahdi
had a diplomatic relation with some
European countries you know like a span
and you know previant probably France so
this is another big legacy don't people
don't see in 1375 shall five only one of
his maps Timbuktu was located and there
was on the same map a picture of Cancun
Elsa holding a piece of gold on that map
this ancient map commissioned by the
king of Spain can still be seen today in
the National Library in Paris
is housed and certainly though he
reigned for just over 25 years within
this time Mansa Musa managed to
transform Molly from a prosperous
Kingdom reliant on strong trading links
with the Berbers and other merchants to
a spectacular Empire which was the rival
of others in the world in the 14th
century under Mansa Musa it could be
said that the Marleen Empire
consolidated its glory and power and
reached its zenith it was through him
that faith in one God took precedence
and Islam became the religion of state
across the whole land even though it was
largely confined to the elite and not
practiced by the masses the Islamic
character and structure of the Empire
nevertheless took shape laying the
foundation for the others who were to
follow
[Music]
under Mansa Musa Timbuktu became one of
the major centers of Islamic scholarship
under a group of people who for
centuries had been persecuted for their
pursuit of knowledge by the end of the
11th century according to some
historians the former city of wall after
which does exist nowadays in Mauritania
was called view by the end of the 11th
century the scholars of Bureau were
cited by the Americans by the Berber
people and the key means symbol to to
get refuge so they found their own
sector called Bianchi Kunda and that
sector was a part of some query which
was also the quarter and the mosque by
1332 Mansa Musa was dead his death was
the beginning of the end of the mauryan
empire a series of dynastic struggles
for the throne occurred against a
background of economic decline as miley
weakened Tuareg sand Saharan merchants
were beginning to rebel against paying
tribute to the inefficient and weak
Malian Kings
[Applause]
this is juju singing praises to the king
and brave fighters of songhai the Empire
which by the middle of the 15th century
eclipsed smiley someone bye-bye even
much bigger than the unbirth Molly so
was really huge
you know territories Grimm probably you
know from an idea almost two of the
Atlantic questions and was probably one
of the most elaborated political power
in West Africa
one of the first prominent songhai Kings
were Sonny Ali bear his reign was short
but significant unusually for a West
African ruler during this period he was
a non Muslim who continued to practice
traditional religion leading a powerful
army and navy he earned the reputation
as a ruthless commander yet he retained
control over a vast and powerful empire
and the loyalty of millions of subjects
within the numerous kingdoms they
dominated I think people just in pure
coconuts you know V domination of this
song we're on fire and then they will
pay the taxes prove Empire mr. lawyer
because you can fund pitifully you can
create easily so they did they recognize
the Salama as a central power people
they protect them although maintaining
their own cultural identity and paying
allegiance to this growing songhai
empire not everyone was happy the
capital city was located in Gow about
350 miles east of Timbuktu
Timbuktu was a learning center and let
me tell you that there was a kind of
opposition which won the population
Timbuktu and Sonny Olivia because most
of a population here were Muslims and
Sunni Arab air was in an enemies but in
the month ality of local people he was a
magician he was a criminal in 1468
he has occupied Timbuktu
all the scholars who were against his
entrance in Timbuktu were either
arrested deported or killed many
scholars fled Timbuktu to avoid death
Sonny Ali band's reputation as a
tyrannical leader who rejected Islam and
persecuted Muslims marred the more
positive aspects of his legacy so Oliver
is having his own cultural identity
he has African values but the first
thing he did is the political
organization the land was well organized
he came up with a panel project that was
linking Timbuktu for example to a part
of Mauritania he can also heat another
project close to Timbuktu for the
farmers though his canal project
remained a pipe dream his plans for
building dikes to irrigate the land for
farmers within parts of the Empire were
successful they said song I on a path of
economic expansion that was developed by
his successors it's not clear who
directly succeeded Sonny ali-bear but by
the late 15th century the Empire was
being led by Oscar Mohammed a man who
wrought changes most notably in the
development of universities and centres
of learning and establishing Islam as
the religion of state to be practiced
not just by the elite but by the masses
[Music]
he develops collages because Oscar get
along very well you know this
intellectual Sunday which was team up to
let you kind of think about already
University has a similar campus you know
like we see today you can have several
Learning Center in a town and each
Willie my each scholar has a lot of kids
coming to him and learning from him
Sankara mosque in Timbuktu also served
as the University the students were
grouped in four different sets of
different levels and each set would
study for an hour to time while the
other students took classes in the
Quranic schools we had 180 Quranic
schools in Timbuktu by that time and
each corner schools is counting an
average of 75 or 80 students students
came from everywhere the University of
Timbuktu was having relationship with
Toledo in Grenada in Andalusia Spain
with kill one in Tunisia the university
of al-azhar in Egypt and other
universities in Saudi Arabia
Zaria in Nigeria and color book writing
and book binding were lucrative
businesses and Oscar Mohammed encouraged
the production of printed material the
Sankore mosque where such books were
read still stands and there were no
longer houses books it's still a center
for worship I'm gonna give you a small
idea about the Sun color mosque the
architectural style is a Sudanese one
they use mark okay if you see where we
have 25,000 students in the past the egg
of the UH Trish was eliminated the
mosque and its guiding people from the
desert from the city they they have a
special lamp they put it inside okay to
show to people the city itself this is
this is pathetic sometimes the megaphone
is dating from 1998 this one being the
FAL this this mosque was dating from the
14th century nowadays people use
speakers to let more people hurry about
the appeal for the player Abdul Qader
mama owned some of the books and
manuscripts rescued from the old library
in University in Timbuktu his family has
owned a private library of ancient
manuscripts dating back to the 13th
century and hundreds of the delicate
leather-bound illuminated tomes are now
housed in rows and rows of dusty iron
chests in a storeroom in his house one
cut the man's physical body first gate
to encourage a tone Cathy you're gonna
get on Karuma
you wanna buddy take a hit from a young
age I've been really interested in the
old manuscripts I am very proud that I
am protecting them and looking for a way
to save all these manuscripts sometimes
people look at me like I'm a foolish guy
because I'm interested in these old
manuscripts they'd said to me don't you
have anything to do but this but
probably they don't know the importance
of heritage as you can see our mayor
kill Monica Lee the song way tamasha
tell all the manuscripts are Arabic
manuscripts but we have some manuscripts
translated into some Roy Thomas check
Fulani pearl
these are dealing with social sciences
Quranic studies astronomy a jibra and so
on and I've learned especially from
those dealing with traditional medicine
professor Ali lcd is in no doubt as to
the greatness of the man who promoted
such religious teaching and scholarship
Oscar Mohammed he has proved that
somewhere in Africa is possible not only
to come up with Empire but also to have
their own political system their own
society but also to create and to
rewrite also their own history
the Songhai Empire lasted till around
1590 when it finally succumbed to
invasion at the hands of the moroccan
army seeking to expand their own empire
but while it lasted songhay at its
height had won respect for its social
cohesion political and economic
stability and scholarly achievement as
empires in the west of the continent
were rising and falling people in other
parts of Africa were going through their
own exciting and turbulent cycle
[Music]
[Music]
Ver Más Videos Relacionados
The TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE Network, Explained [AP World History Review—Unit 2 Topic 4]
Brief History Of Africa Before Colonialism -- How did we get there?
State-Building in AFRICA [AP World Review—Unit 1 Topic 5]
MESOPOTAMIA : Peradaban Paling Tua di Dunia
Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, & Trans-Saharan Routes [AP World History Review]—Unit 2 Topics 1, 3, 4
Mansa Musa and Islam in Africa: Crash Course World History #16
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)