Feminism
Summary
TLDRThis video script provides an in-depth overview of feminism, tracing its history from early advocates like Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft to the various waves and types of feminism. It discusses goals like reproductive rights and political participation, evaluates different perspectives on feminism, and highlights the importance of intersectionality. The script also touches on the impact of feminism on society and culture, and the ongoing struggle for gender equality.
Takeaways
- 📚 Feminism advocates for equality and challenges the notion of women's unequal treatment in society, emphasizing the importance of both sexes being equal rather than women being superior to men.
- 🌊 The feminist movement has evolved through different 'waves', each with its own focus and goals, starting from the fight for women's suffrage to more recent discussions about gender roles and intersectionality.
- 🗳️ The first wave of feminism was primarily concerned with women's right to vote, while the second wave aimed to expand women's rights beyond suffrage to include reproductive rights and challenge traditional gender roles.
- 🌟 Prominent activists like Sojourner Truth and Emma Goldman contributed to the movement, highlighting issues faced by marginalized women and advocating for broader societal change.
- 🌈 Third wave feminism emerged in the 1990s, focusing on a more inclusive and diverse approach to feminism, addressing issues like sexuality, body image, and the intersection of gender with race and class.
- 🌐 The fourth wave of feminism, sometimes referred to as cyber feminism, utilizes digital platforms and social media to raise awareness and mobilize action against gender-based discrimination.
- 💪 Different types of feminism, such as radical, liberal, and cultural feminism, each offer unique perspectives on the sources of gender inequality and propose various strategies for achieving gender equality.
- 🌱 Intersectionality, a concept coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, is a key component of modern feminism, recognizing that overlapping social identities and related systems of oppression must be considered to understand the full scope of discrimination.
- 🌍 Global feminism considers the impact of globalization and capitalism on women across different cultures and societies, advocating for comprehensive approaches to address the diverse experiences of women worldwide.
- 🚫 Backlash against feminism has been evident throughout its history, with critics often misrepresenting the movement's goals and ideals, leading to stereotypes such as feminists being 'man-hating' or 'promiscuous'.
- 🔍 The script also touches on the importance of language and representation in shaping perceptions of feminism, emphasizing the need for careful and respectful discourse when discussing gender issues.
Q & A
What is the basic definition of feminism as discussed in the script?
-Feminism is a range of ideas and sociopolitical movements centered on the belief that women face unequal treatment due to their gender and that society must establish equality. It looks at both sexes and genders being equal, not just women being superior over men.
Can you provide an example of early feminist thought as mentioned in the script?
-An early example is Christine De Pizan, a philosopher in France, who challenged social restrictions on women and pushed for women's education.
What is the significance of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women' in the context of feminism?
-'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', written by Mary Wollstonecraft, became a seminal work in the English language feminist philosophy, advocating for women's rights in the 18th century.
Who were some of the notable activists in the United States during the mid to late 19th century?
-Notable activists included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony, who were instrumental in the women's suffrage movement.
What are some of the achievements of feminism mentioned in the script?
-Feminism has provided women with increased educational opportunities, the right to vote, protections against workplace discrimination, and the right to make personal decisions about things like pregnancy.
What is the focus of the first wave of feminism?
-The first wave of feminism was primarily focused on women's suffrage, aiming to give women the right to vote and hold office.
What are the main goals of the second wave of feminism?
-The second wave aimed to break the dichotomy between working men and stay-at-home mothers by advocating for reproductive rights, including access to contraception, and pushing sexuality into the spotlight.
What is the third wave of feminism known for?
-The third wave of feminism began in the early 1990s and focused on human rights and non-exclusionary feminism, addressing issues such as gender, sexuality, and the influence of globalization.
What is the concept of intersectionality in the context of feminism?
-Intersectionality is a concept that describes how different social categories such as race, class, and gender interact, sometimes resulting in compounding effects and tensions, particularly important in understanding the unique experiences of marginalized women.
What are some criticisms of radical feminism as presented in the script?
-Radical feminism is often criticized for being extreme and man-hating, which can overshadow the goals of the broader feminist movement and create divisions among feminists.
What is the significance of the 'Me Too' movement in relation to the fourth wave of feminism?
-The 'Me Too' movement is an example of the fourth wave of feminism, utilizing social media to raise awareness and mobilize against sexism and gender-based violence, particularly highlighting issues like sexual harassment.
How does the script describe the role of education in the feminist movement?
-Education plays a crucial role in the feminist movement by providing women with increased opportunities and by challenging traditional gender roles through changes in societal structures and the national curriculum.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Feminism and Its Historical Roots
The script begins with an introduction to feminism, outlining its basic definition and historical development. It discusses the early advocates for women's rights, such as Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft, and the significant contributions of activists in the 19th-century United States. The paragraph emphasizes the movement's goals, including educational opportunities, voting rights, workplace protections, and reproductive rights. It also touches on the broader cultural impact of feminism and its global reach, exemplified by activists like Malala Yousafzai. The paragraph concludes with a clarification that feminism advocates for gender equality, not female superiority.
🌊 The Waves of Feminism: An Overview
This paragraph delves into the different waves of feminism, starting with the first wave, which focused on women's suffrage in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It acknowledges the movement's limitations in diversity and its primarily white, middle-class composition. The second wave is characterized by its post-WWII origins and its broader fight for reproductive rights and gender equality in the public sphere. The third wave, emerging in the 1990s, is distinguished by its emphasis on human rights and inclusivity, addressing the shortcomings of previous waves. The paragraph also contemplates the possibility of a fourth wave, associated with globalization and social media, without reaching a definitive conclusion on its existence or characteristics.
🚫 Backlash and Evolution: Critiques of Feminism
The script discusses the backlash faced by the feminist movement, particularly against the radical feminists of the second wave, who were sometimes perceived as man-hating or promoting promiscuity and moral degeneration. It also addresses the evolution of feminism, noting that while some values may be outdated, the movement continues to influence society. The third wave is highlighted for its inclusivity and focus on intersectionality, while the potential fourth wave is linked to the anti-globalization movement and the critique of capitalism.
🌐 Feminism in the Digital Age: Cyber and Networked Feminism
This paragraph explores the impact of the internet on feminism, giving rise to cyber feminism and networked feminism. It discusses the use of social media platforms by young feminists to broaden their audience and the concurrent rise of anti-feminist voices online. The script also examines the relationship between anti-globalization and feminism, particularly how capitalist structures are at odds with feminist goals. The fourth wave of feminism is presented as a response to the third wave's backlash, with a focus on social awareness and the internalized misogyny within society.
🌟 Types of Feminism: Exploring Diversity in Feminist Thought
The script provides an overview of various types of feminism, including radical, reformist, cultural, black, liberal, global, eco, Marxist, socialist, and visionary feminism. Each type is distinguished by its core beliefs and approaches to addressing gender inequality and patriarchy. The paragraph emphasizes the diversity within feminist thought and the importance of understanding the different perspectives in order to engage in informed debates and discussions.
🔍 Evaluations of Feminism: A Sociological Perspective
This paragraph examines the evaluations and critiques of different types of feminism from a sociological perspective. It discusses the criticisms of radical feminism for being extreme and divisive, the mainstream acceptance of liberal feminism's ideas, and the focus of postmodern feminism on the diverse experiences of women. The paragraph also touches on the goals of the feminist movement, such as rethinking society through feminist theory, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting political participation and equality in various spheres.
📉 Addressing Sexism and Intersectionality in Feminism
The script delves into the different types of sexism, including traditional, modern, and neosexism, and how they manifest in society. It also discusses intersectionality, a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw to describe the compounding effects of different social categories on discrimination. The paragraph highlights the importance of recognizing diverse backgrounds and experiences in the fight against gender oppression and the need for feminism to be inclusive of all women, regardless of their social class, ethnicity, religion, race, and sexuality.
🗓 Timeline of Feminism: Key Historical Events
This paragraph presents a timeline of significant events in the history of feminism, from the Seneca Falls Convention and the first women's suffrage law in Wyoming to the Roe v. Wade decision and the lifting of the ban on women serving in combat roles. The script also provides examples of the challenges faced by women in countries like Afghanistan, Syria, South Sudan, and Chad, emphasizing the global scope of the feminist movement and the varied contexts in which it operates.
🏆 Conclusion and Encouragement for Future Debates
The script concludes by summarizing the importance of understanding the complexities of feminism and the various issues it addresses. It encourages future debaters to learn from the material presented and to use it as a basis for informed argumentation. The paragraph ends on a note of hope for the continued progress of the feminist movement and the role of education and advocacy in achieving gender equality.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Feminism
💡First Wave Feminism
💡Second Wave Feminism
💡Third Wave Feminism
💡Fourth Wave Feminism
💡Intersectionality
💡Radical Feminism
💡Liberal Feminism
💡Cultural Feminism
💡Global Feminism
💡Eco Feminism
Highlights
Feminism advocates for equality between sexes and genders, not just women's superiority.
Christine de Pizan and Mary Wollstonecraft were early influential figures in the feminist movement.
19th-century activists like Sojourner Truth and Emma Goldman contributed significantly to feminist discourse.
Feminism has achieved advancements in women's education, voting rights, workplace protections, and reproductive rights.
First wave feminism primarily focused on women's suffrage and legal rights.
Second wave feminism aimed to break societal dichotomies and establish reproductive rights for women.
The National Organization for Women was established to promote women's full participation in society.
Second wave feminism addressed six core issues including abortion rights and violence against women.
Third wave feminism emerged in the 1990s, emphasizing human rights and inclusivity.
Cyber or fourth wave feminism utilizes social media and new technologies to expand its reach and audience.
Radical feminism is one of the most controversial forms, blaming patriarchy for women's suffering.
Reformist feminism seeks gender equality through legislative changes without altering the capitalist system.
Cultural feminism emphasizes the essential differences between men and women, advocating for women's virtues.
Intersectionality, a key concept in black feminism, argues that sexism, class, and racism are interconnected.
Liberal feminism focuses on general gender inequalities and the importance of socialization in shaping gender roles.
Global feminism addresses the impact of globalization and capitalism on various groups of women.
Eco-feminism links women's rights and empowerment to the well-being of all living creatures and the planet.
Marxist and socialist feminism attribute women's oppression to the capitalist economic system.
Visionary feminism combines the need to challenge patriarchy and other forms of oppression with a focus on love and mutual growth.
Evaluations of feminism highlight both its achievements and the criticisms it faces, including accusations of man-hating and extremism.
A timeline of important events in feminist history includes milestones like the 19th Amendment and Roe v. Wade.
Feminism's goals include rethinking society with feminist theory, advocating for abortion rights, and promoting political participation.
Intersectionality is a concept that has broadened to include various social categories beyond gender and race.
Different types of sexism include traditional, modern, and neosexism, each with unique manifestations and implications.
Examples of countries with significant gender issues, such as Afghanistan, Syria, South Sudan, and Chad, illustrate the global reach and impact of feminism.
Transcripts
okay hi guys it'sa here so today we're
going to be looking at feminism
correct our overview the first thing
we're going to be looking at is just the
basic definition of what feminism is
then we're going to look at the
different waves of feminism we also
going to look at the various types of
feminism that we get look at some of the
goals of the movement also going to look
at some evaluations of like just the
general ideas and ideologies that people
have with regards to the movement so
what is feminism right so so the way it
all started was like there was this
period in France where a philosopher
called Christine De challenged the
social restrictions on women and pushed
for women's education and then towards
the 18th century in England Mary
wallston craft uh who she she wrote
something called um a vind a Vindication
of the rights of women it became a
seminal work of the English language
feminist philosophy right and feminism
in the United States had a number of
prominent activists during the mid to
late 19th century so notably mainstream
activists include included uh lucrecia M
Elizabeth candy Stanton and Susan
Anthony right so less mainstream but
similarly important views came from soj
of Truth who was a forly enslaved black
wom and Emma Goldman who is the nation's
leading Anarchist who was the Nations
meeting Anarchist during the 19th
century so feminism has provided the
with women with increased educational
opportunities the right to vote
protections against workplace
discrimination and the right to make
personal decisions about things like
pregnancy in some communities feminism
has also succeeded in challenging
pervasive cultural norms about women
outside the Western World however
activists such as Malala yfai have
highlighted issues such as unequal
access to education for women right so
this just the slide just looks at and
refers to uh the fact that feminism is a
range of IDE ideas and sociopolitical
movement centered on the belief that
women do face unequal treatment because
of their agenda and that Society must
establish some equality right it's
important to understand that uh feminism
looks at both sexes and genders being
equal and not just women being Superior
over men right so let's move on to our
next looking at first wave feminism
right so the first wave of feminism was
originally the Incarnation of the
feminist movement right it was primarily
focused on women's suffrages so this was
your suff movement that existed
unlimited to the 19th and 20th Century
the legal rights of a woman achieved
through the suffrage movement formed the
basis of the future of the feminist
weights however that suffragist movement
was primarily a movement by and for
white woman only there were some British
Indian women involved in the movement
such as the Indian princess Sophie god
daughter of Queen Victoria overall the
first wave feminism was not particularly
diverse right and this began around in
the 50s and was focused on on like we
said the suff suffrage and um it thought
to have ended the with the passing of
the 19th amendment in the US in uh the
1920s that's when people thought that
the first wave of feminism has
ended now looking at the second wave of
feminism right so the second wave of
feminism began post World War II right
and those involved in the second wave of
feminism aimed to break the dichotomy
between working men and stay-at home
mothers by giving women Reproductive
Rights including access to contraception
and pushing sexuality into the spotlight
so this wave began the still present
journey of trying to get the Equal
Rights Amendment written by Alice Paul
in 1923 enacted so the National
Organization for Women was established
and their goal stated uh that they
wanted to take action to bring women
into full participation in mainstream
American uh in the mainstream of
American society being able to exercise
all privileges and responsibilities
thereof in truly equal partnership with
men and it aimed to address six core
issues that being abortion reproductive
Health Service access violence against
women constitutional equality promoting
diverse uh diversity and ining racism
lesbian rights as well as economic
justice so according to Martha rampton
that the goals of the second wave of
feminism has been achieved including
more women in leadership positions
abortion rights acts that would invol in
terms of reproductive life they have
access to the poll more acceptance of
female sexuality and Fe feminism as a
field in Academia as well as things like
women's supports groups and efforts to
reform and critique uh and a critique of
the patriarchy right so the backlash to
this movement can still be seen today as
the older Generations thought that the
younger Generations were kind of tearing
part of the social fabric that existed
and destroying the way things were
supposed to be so women of the feminist
movement began to see be seen as male
hating promiscuous and morally
degenerate right so we can see where the
problem arises when we talk about third
secondary feminism because particularly
as much as it gained so much of things
and women were able to get so much of
things there was a lot of backlash that
existed with regards to this movement
right um so we already spoke about the
fact that um you know it campaigned for
all of these different things and to be
honest it still has a very large
influence on society right so while the
ideals of second wave uh feminism are
still seen many of its values are now
outdated for example a number of radical
feminists from that specific per such as
trans misogynistic so this doesn't fall
in line with like the current aims of
the feminist movement and it's also
regarded by many as an exclusive
movement and not welcoming of different
ethnicities and religions similar to
First Way feminism that was just
exclusive to females to White now
looking at Third Way feminism right so
the third wave began in the early 1990s
rising from the pitfalls and missing
issues of its predecessors it focused
much more on human rights and
non-exclusionary feminism so there uh
many uh Scholars argued that this weaved
through with the 2008 election of Barack
Obama right however some still feel that
um we are currently still in the Third
Way of feminism and you know it's a
decision for you guys to make whether
we're in Third Way feminism or whether
we're progressing to Fourth feminism at
this point right and an attempt to
destabilize constructs of universal
women who hand things like body gender
and sexuality and heter are being made
right so this wave also reclaim many of
the previous wave symbols of male
oppression including but not limited to
things like lipstick high heels short
skirts and how low cut necklines how low
your necklines are for wom for women it
also focused on redefining and
contextualizing gender and sexuality in
terms of the way we perceive women there
were more radical factions of the third
wave um South things like South name
right girls um who were hardcore and
sought um assuring victimizing and
reclaiming slurs used against them right
so Third Way humanism is also connected
something called anti-globalization as a
world movement right so the
globalization movement is something that
is part of the reason that there is an
arguable fourth wave that exists right
so the transition into fourth wave
feminism came as a product of this
globalization and the increased
prevalence of social media as a platform
so there's many young feminists that use
social media platforms like Twitter and
Facebook to expand the audience uh that
they can reach on their own so these
people include uh Matt mcroy uh
something called feminist culture like
the Ley chis these are all like their
Instagram handles um but conversely
anti-feminism accounts also exist and
they have also found a large following
on these websites as well so
anti-globalization as a movement opposes
the homogeneous ownership of the world
labor Industries for corporate profit
which ties heavily into capitalism and
therefore lies at odds with socialist
feminism right so the backlash of this
movement was a more intensely
radicalized view of feminism and added
to the list of adjectives that was
supposedly un victim and unfeminine and
having a victim complex right so ARG
give the fourth wave of feminism is the
backlash from the third wave though the
issues are largely the same with
slightly more social awareness of
different kinds and ways women
experience oppression younger women have
increasing internalized misogyny and the
patriarchal values in for example
American society and afraid to even
identify themselves as feminist though
they may agree with the movement's
claims and or goals right so um here we
can see that one of the major attempts
of the Third Way feminism was to expand
and diversify the feminist woman which
lacked in first and second way feminism
right um and third feminism is also
notable for its distinct SE positivity
though this is an idea that still
currently divides
certain now let's look at Fourth
feminism right so it could also be
called cyber feminism and this is used
to describe the work of feminists
interested in theorizing critiquing and
making use of the internet cyber plays
and New Media Technologies in general
right so the term and movement grew out
of third feminism however it's still
unclear as to what the exact meaning of
this movement is right so even at the
first meeting of cyber feminist which
was called the first C of feminist
International in Germany participants
found it hard to provide a definition
and as a result of discussions they
proposed uh something called The 100
anti antithesis right with reference to
um Martin Luther King's thesis on what
cyber feminism is not rather than what
it actually is right so these included
for example it is not an institution it
is an ideology and uh that's something
that's important right so cyber feminism
is considered to be the predecessor of
uh networked feminism which generally
refers to feminism on the internet for
example mobilizing people to take action
against sexism misogyny or gender based
violence against women so examples of
this is like me movement that existed in
2017 online right where there was a
response on social media for all women
all around the world um uh to the case
of har went Weinstein who was you know
the Hollywood producer who was
essentially accused of harassing female
staff in the movie industry
so the me to movement is a very good
example of what fourth feminism looks
like right um so similarly to third
feminism it's based on the value of
intersectionality embracing things like
the lgbtqi plus Community as well as um
race Theory right and for feminism is
also strongly associated with
reproduction and abortion right support
trans transgender women and um raising
the voices of marginalized women right
next different types of now this is a
very very broad category because there's
so many different types of feminism that
exist so I've tried to put in a few that
I think would be particularly important
for you guys right so the first one
we're looking at is radical feminism
right so this is possibly one of the
most controversial forms of feminism and
therefore often ends up in the news or
social media for some of their abew
right but it's also very important to
note that not all radical feminists
think the same so always important in
debates to draw that spectrum of what
people look like and I think that that's
something that's always lacking speeches
you guys don't look at actors on a
spectrum but you kind of just either see
the best or the worst in them but
there's always a middle realm that
exists it's important to use that right
um so radical feminists believe that
patriarchy should ultimately be blamed
for women suffering uh they view social
institutions as inherently imbalanced in
favor of men and radical uh and argue
that men have established and maintain
dominance over women so men are the
social group who benefit the most from a
woman's subordination and therefore
radical feminist as the main problem so
that is men are the ruling class and
women are the oppressed class so since
the root of femin of women's
subordination lies in patriarchy radical
feminists then believe that they will
not be free until the patriarch of
itself is abolished right so people have
varing views on radical feminism right
so some people may think uh it's
creating female only communes which
exclude men and provide a safe space for
women to live it some feel that it's
introducing a matri focal family
structure in which women are the heads
of the family and men are hold less
powerful roles such as uh child raring
and household task as well as things
like political lesbianism so this refers
to women prioritizing relationships with
other women regardless of sexual
attraction in order to stop centering
men in their lives so political lesbians
often view the idea of being
heterosexual as Sleeping with the Enemy
and therefore encourage celibacy or
lesbianism um then you have two types of
radical feminist you have your radical
cultural feminist you have your radical
libertarian feminist so in terms of
radical cultural feminist these
feminists believe that women are
superior to men they celebrate
traditional feminine characteristics and
shun those of men for example they
welcome emotion and shine strength which
is considered to be a masculine quality
right um then in terms of radical
libertarian feminist they believe that
it is possible to eradicate gender
differences and they aim for
there to be a little to difference
between behaviors and characteristics of
and wom they look at cultural and social
differences between genders such as
wearing dresses and encouraging these
attributes to be adopted by both genders
and not just one something that's very
important that like I need to say in
this right especially for like I think
just anyone not not dressed like the
males on the squad but particularly you
guys um whenever you're having debates
about feminism it's very important to
watch the words that you use when you're
delivering speeches as well as the
things that you guys say because um
especially at Nationals people may take
things in a way that you may not mean
harm but someone may think that you are
saying it incorrectly so always be
careful of the words that you use when
you're talking about women when you're
talking about disen franch people when
you're talking about minorities if
you're talking about um people from the
lgbtq P Community you have to refer them
in a way that is appropriate but also
one that conveys emotion and apathy
right um even in debates where you're
trying to argue you know that the
feminist movement has done more harm
than good for example or that you don't
want to associate females with these
masculine characteristics such as power
because that's what you associate with
males because it's so masculine you have
to be very careful with the way that you
phrase it so it may be okay coming from
a female but if it's coming from a male
it may be viewed differently so you can
make sure you're using Expressions on
your face using air quotation marks to
make sure you're making your
adjudicators aware of the fact that you
don't think of it this way but this is
what Society perceives it to
be so next we're looking at reformist
feminism right so reformist feminism
believes that gender inequality can be
eliminated through legislative or
electoral reforms without the need to
alter the capitalist system in of itself
so we spoke about the group such as the
National Organization for Women all the
Pro Choice America the uh they tfy a
reformism right because limit their
efforts on to what can be achieved
within the current system they Orient
Prim primarily to more privileged white
middle class women many of those who
whose needs can be at least partially or
temporarily uh mated by reforms right so
their approach is a single issue and
aimed at sing politicians and donors
then you have cultural feminism right
this emphasizes essential differences
between men and women in terms of bi
biology uh personality and behavior
women are seen to have different and
Superior virtues that provide the
foundation for a shared identity
solidarity and sister Since By Nature
women are viewed as Kinder and more
gentle than men it follows that if women
were in power the world would be a
better place so in the 60s and 70s some
women supported the idea of forming
separate women only cultures right then
we're going to move on to lack feminism
and liberal feminism so in terms of
black feminism this kind of ties hand in
hand with uh intersectionality which
we'll talk about later in our PowerPoint
so the school of thought argues that
sexism class oppression gender identity
and racism are
inexpressibly bound together so the way
these Concepts relate to each other is
called intersectionality which I just
spoke about right so the term
intersectionality was a theory uh coined
by legal scholar Kimberly CAW in 1989 in
her work she discussed that black
feminism which argues that the
experience of being a black woman cannot
be understood in terms of being black or
being a woman right so each concept is
considered independent but must include
interactions which frequently reinforce
each other right then in terms of
liberal feminism right this one is also
important for you guys so this focuses
on General gender inequalities notest
specifically the position of women in
society so they believe that whilst
inequalities exist men and women both
suffer they view these inequalities as
being replicated and encouraged through
culture and socialization rather than
inherently patriarchal institutions in
society which is what radical feminism
does the converse of so for example
children are taught uh the societal
expectations of G of each gender coming
young age they learn the required
behaviors associated with being a man or
being a woman and embody them when they
grow up and later pass them on to the
next Generation so liberal feminists
view the socialization of children into
gender roles as extremely detrimental as
they create strict ideas of of gender
that cannot be changed they argue that
education and socialization at a young
age are vital in changing the views and
changing these views that exist small
changes within societal structures are
key in adapting the way we view gender
so for example by wiping out the sexism
seen in children's media products or the
national curriculum for that for that
matter so therefore they believe that
equality between genders can be achieved
mainly through having equal
opportunities in society so some people
argue that it's already been achieved to
some uh some extent through legal and
social reform for example allowing women
to enter the workforce however it's also
important to not that women are still
discriminated against more than men and
the liberal feminists do wish to change
this so they want to see more progress
concerning equal opportunities by
encouraging more legislation like the
Equal Pay to be introduced
right then we're looking
at transitional Global feminism right so
transitional feminism is an approach to
feminism that is concerned mainly about
how globalization and capitalism affect
people's people across nationalities
races ethnicities genders classes and
sexualities and it's reinforced a range
of global movements so it recognizes
inequalities across different groups of
women and the importance of
intersectionality as a way to understand
and engage in these differences right so
while Global issues not affect women in
the same way because of these
differences the impact of these these is
power dynamics are seen to be crucial to
feminist social Justice end agendas
right and this Vision understands the
need for comprehensive approaches that
integrate multiple issues and movements
to find common cause across agendas to
ensure long-term social transformation
then you have Eco feminism so this form
of feminism views the patriarchy and its
focus and control on uh focus on control
and domination not only as a source of
form of Oppression but also as B harmful
to humanity as well as destructive of
all living creatures and the Earth in of
itself so it combin a more comprehensive
analysis of Power ofered with a greater
spiritual vision so they see women's
rights and empowerment linked to
political social cultural economic and
factors that benefit all living
creatures and mother nature in up of
hence e femin then we have Marxist and
socialist feminism right um so Marxist
and socialist feminism feminist are
grounded in Marxist and socialist ways
attributed to wom's oppression
principally the capitalistic economic
system where Global corporate power
prevails so many other feminists believe
that this form of power seen in the
class system is a crucial factor in
women subordination but see patriarchy
is the major driving force behind
women's subjugation right so it looks
like um the fact that the way in which
men are remunerated for their labor in
comparison to the way in which female
are female females maybe it's very
different that highlights the inequality
that exists within the patriarch right
then we're looking at cultural feminism
right so cultural feminism emphasizes
essential differences between men and
wom in terms of biology personality and
behavior woman is SE to have different
Superior virtues that provide the
foundation for a shared identity
solidarity and sister Since By Nature
women have been viewed as Kinder and
more gentle than men it follows that if
women were in power the world would be a
better place I think we already looked
at this but anyways my bad anyways the
last one we're going to look at is
visionary feminism right so the notion
of visionary feminism as seen and many
writings of African-American feminist uh
B bow hooks uh combines the needs to
challenge patriarchy class race and
other forms of Oppression such as
imperialism and corporate control so she
focuses on love and the role of men so
Visionary feminism is a wise and loving
politics it is rooted in the love of
male and female being the so of feminist
politics is the commitment to ending
patriarchal domination of women and
women and men girls and boys love cannot
exist in any relationship that is based
on dominance and coercion males cannot
love themselves in patriarchal culture
if their very self definition relies on
submission to patriarchal rules so this
particular like slide is something
that's very good that could form a basis
for argumentation in a feminist debate
and just
why you would want to take down
patriarchal structures when men Embrace
feminist thinking and practice which
emphasizes the value of mutual growth
and self-actualization in relationships
their emotional wellbe will be enhanced
so a genuine feminist politics always
brings us from bondage and to freedom
from lovelessness to loving I think this
is something that's very important like
this shows you the example of at the
basis of which you should form
argumentation right so it's the fact
that's saying that like your premise
could be the fact that men cannot love
themselves in patriarchal culture if
self-determined definition relies on
submission to patriarchal rules okay now
we're going to look at some evaluations
right so we're going to look through
different different types of feminism
and what people just generally think
about them right so the first one we're
looking at is radical feminism so it's
generally criticized but most modern
media like we spoke about for example
real feminism is often seen to be
overshadowed by radical feminists right
um and people found that it Wasing a
negative light in the media largely due
to sensationalized headlines about men
hating radical F uh radical feminist
rather than feminism as a whole so you
can see how it takes away from what the
movement or how this can uh warp
people's perception of what the movement
actually aims to do so some of their
beliefs are seen as extreme particularly
by the feminist which results in women
trying to separate themselves from
stigma the consequence of this division
between feminist which sociologists
argue will not help to solve the problem
of woman's oppression in particular
radical cultural feminism is seen as an
extreme as extreme and man hating so we
spoke about what radical cultural
feminism is previously um when it terms
of liberal feminism so they have ideas
that have become mainstream in the
recent decades and have helped to make
real changes in woman's life so the main
sociological critique of liberal
feminism is that it does not consider
how wide the issue of gender inequality
is right so because they focus on the
fact that everybody needs to be equal
they don't realize the intrinsic
differences that
exist that exist between inequality of
women in comparison to some inequality
that may exist for men liberal feminism
fails to acknowledge that the unequal
positions of different genders are
rooted deep with societal structures and
have existed for centuries and radical
feminists typically argue that liberal
feminism isn't ready to make more
drastic Act take more drastic action to
protect women from oppression then we
have post modern feminism right so
postmodern feminism is where some
sociologists argue that whil the
patriarchy still oppresses all women it
should be the main focus of femin of
feminism that is women should first and
foremost tackle the biggest issue of all
which is patriarchy once this has been
deal with then it will be much easier to
focus on other forms of discrimination
right so postmodern feminists choose not
to focus on the difference between
genders but rather on the differences
between
andin different groups of women they see
gender as something we come to terms
with
over the way we present ourselves to
others uh sorry through the way we
present ourselves to others so it's
fluid and dependent on the culture norms
and values of each Society so this
branch of feminism acknowledges that not
all women come from the same social
group and therefore face different
degrees of discrimination they also
argue that the conventional branch of
feminism tend to represent only white
middle class women was ignor a wom of
other backgrounds so they also highlight
how women have different experiences
life chances and opportunities due to
factors such as their social class
ethnicity religion race and sexuality so
although they all experience gender
oppression and inequality they don't
experience it in the same way so again
it's showing you a spectrum the
struggles of a white woman is not the
same as the struggles of a black woman
right um postmodern feminists therefore
want more recognition of struggles of
women from a variety of diverse
backgrounds they're concerned with how
power is distributed in society and
opportun that come along with this so we
also have a few things like what
functionist belief feminism is about
what Marxist people Marxist belief
feminism is about and what just feminist
think feminism is about okay so you guys
can we're looking at some of the goals
of the feminist movement
right um so in terms of the go of the
feminist movement um
so the first thing is rethinking Society
with feminist Theory right so this was
accomplished by among other disciplines
women studies feminist literary
criticism social feminism as well as the
feminist art movement so they look at
look through a feminist L history
politics culture economics and they
develop insight into just about every
intellectual discipline then looking at
abortion rights right so the call for
abortion On Demand is often
misunderstood and leaders uh of the
woman Liberation movement uh were clear
about the fact that women should have
reproductive uh Freedom reproductive
freedom and safe access legal abortion
right so something that's very very
important for you guys to know about is
the RO verus W because this was a very
big changing turning point in terms of
women's abortion rights and um whether
or not they had those Reproductive
Rights okay and then we're looking at
the desexing of um the English language
right so feminist help debate over
assumptions impeded in English language
that that reflect the notion of male
dominated patriarchal society language
is often centered on males assuming that
Humanity with male and women were
exceptions this looked like the use of
mutal pronoun identifying words with
gender bias inventing new words many
solutions were tried and like we still
talk about these things now right then
you have um a few other things which
looks like
education equality legislation promoting
political participation political
participation is something that's very
important so the league of wom voters
which has existed since just after women
won the vote has supported educating
women and men for that matter in inform
voting and working to promote women as
candidates that's
important um then it's also looking at
things like rethinking women's roles in
the home and um whether or not you know
they should be the ones taking care of
kids or whether they should be able to
go out and work and have a job then
we're also looking at popular culture
which is a different type um so feminist
critique the pr presence or non presence
of women in popular culture and popular
culture expanded the roles which women
help so TV shows gradually added women
in more Central and less stereotype
roles including some shows featuring
single woman who wanted more than just
to find a man right so movies also
expanded roles in female driven comic s
the Resurgence and wi audience with
Wonder Woman leading the way so this is
Al something that's very important
because you often get debates of like
you know whether you portray females in
a certain way or whether they should be
the main character in the movie and
those kind of
things then the last one uh is the
expanding of the voice of women so as
movement gain momentum pressure on the
union movement uh from the movement to
represent more jobs of a pink color jobs
mostly help a women increase so
organizations that women employed were
created for representing women in
offices and where unions were not uh
strong so yeah so it was just allowing
him to have more voice and more
leadership and be more represented
within then we're looking at sexism and
the different types of
sexism uh so with sexism uh you have
traditional sexism you have modern
sexism and neosexism so traditional
sexism refers to supporting traditional
gender roles treating women as worse
than men employing traditional
stereotypes portray women as less
competent than men mod sexism looks like
denying discrimination it is not the
problem anymore and having a negative
attitude towards women's rights denying
the validity of claims made by woman and
neosexism is a notion that refers to
ideologies that justify discrimination
towards women on the basis of
competencies so men are effectively
better competent for some things for
example managerial leadership positions
and not on Direct discrimination of
women so Defenders of this idea tend to
ignore or deny difficulties faed by
woman in society as having an influence
on
incompetencies then we're looking at
intersectionality right um so in terms
of
intersectionality um it was a term qued
by Professor Kimo that we spoke about in
previously in 1989 to describe how
different social categories interact
sometimes resulting in compounding
effects and tensions she wrote a paper
that argued that discrimination
specifically against black women is
different from General anti-woman
discrimination or anti-black racis
racism instead it involves the unique
compound experience both sexism and
racism so initially um used in the
context of discrimination or the
concepts or the Resurgence of the 24
Century among uh in the 21st century
among left wi activist who broaden
intersectionality to include categories
such as class and sexual orientation
right then we're looking at
which is just looking at a timeline of
like important events that occurred in
history um that you guys should know
about that like helped the movement
progress right so the first thing that
we saw was the Sea Falls Convention this
is one of the starting point of the
movement because this is when the 19th
amendment was passed that granted woman
the right to that was a very important
turning point in history then the next
thing um you had was the legislation of
Wyoming which passed the first women
suffrage law which granted women the
right to vote and hold office then the
next thing we have was Rosa par which
helped uh who helped launch the Civil
Rights Movement which was also very
important and you also have the FDA uh
in 1960 where they commissioned the
first pull for Reproductive Rights that
could then looking at this uh the next
thing that we're looking at is the Equal
Pay Act that JF Kennedy signed into law
which is very important in terms of the
gender pay Gap that existed and in 1973
U very very important your Ro versus way
to look at abortion rights and the right
wom half to abortion um then you have
the next one where um you have an
individual Gerald deine who
ran who was able to become vice
president and lastly in 2013 the ban
against women serving in combat
positions was removed I'm just going to
like talk you guys through like a few
countries and like the problems of like
with regards to wom laws in those
countries right the first we looking at
is Afghanistan so more than four Decades
of conflict crisis combined with
regressive gender Norms have left many
Afghan women and girls uneducated so the
reason why I'm doing this is because
like it's important to give examples in
the Bas and these are some of the
examples that you can use so those those
females who are allowed to attend school
generally didn't stay for more than 2
years and this reflects in the financial
inclusion for women in the country the
country also ranks among the highest for
gender based violence with around 35 out
of every 100 women reportedly exposed to
violence at the hands of an intimate
partner so along with a countries like
Pakistan on killings are still illegal
here but still widely prevalent within
these countries so despite it being
legal illegal they still occur then the
next country we're going to look at is
Syria right so before War broke out in
Syria in 2011 gender Dynamics were
traditionally very patriarchal the woman
only gained the right to vote in
national elections in the mid 1950s and
while they were allowed to work they
made up a very small percent of the
pre-war Workforce so many Syrian women
particularly in the country's then
thriving middle class opted to stay at
home and just raise families which
aligns with the fact that marriage in
the country is still seen as a contract
between the husband husband and the
wife's father rather than the husband
and wife
it was only in 2020 that the country
criminalized on killings 75 out of every
100,000 women are killed in organized
violence and only around 20% of women
feel safe in their own communities right
um then we can also look at South Sudan
where harmful gender Norms has as a
result of patriarchal culture have left
women excluded from decision- making and
political activity women have few
decision making Powers within the
household and lack of resource ownersh
and land rights is at the heart of power
imbalances between the
genders then lastly we look at Chad um
where early and forc marriage is still
very common and uh early marriages like
it was reported that lots of people are
within chat like just have believe that
early marriage is a custom within their
Community right um so the real danger
for the girl is idea of like getting
pregnant surgery death and even several
cases of running away that existed right
okay cool so we' now reach the end of
this and I hope you guys learn some
things yeah that's win Nationals guys
cool thank you
Ver Más Videos Relacionados
Sociological Theory - Feminism (Sociology Theory & Methods)
Barbie Explains Feminist Theories | Radical, Liberal, Black, etc
Féminisme au Québec, des origines à nos jours | L'Histoire nous le dira #78
O que é interseccionalidade? - Brasil Escola
EL 8M NO ES UNA FIESTA (3x21)
History of Feminism, Link between Islam & Feminism. Debate between Women and Scholar Raja Zia
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)