These Robots Come to the Rescue after a Disaster | Robin Murphy | TED Talks

Summary

The script highlights the critical role of disaster robotics in accelerating recovery efforts post-disasters. It emphasizes how reducing initial response times can significantly shorten overall recovery periods. The speaker illustrates the utility of various unmanned aerial, marine, and ground vehicles, showcasing their applications in real-world scenarios like Hurricane Katrina and the Japanese tsunami. The script underscores the importance of timely data delivery to experts, advocating for the integration of robotics in disaster management to enhance response efficiency and resilience.

Takeaways

• 🚨 Over a million people die in disasters each year, with significant economic losses and long-term impacts on communities.
• ⏱ Reducing the initial response time by one day can cut overall recovery time by a thousand days, or three years.
• 🆘 Early intervention by first responders can save lives and mitigate disaster effects, paving the way for subsequent recovery efforts.
• 🏠 Quick processing of homeowner claims by insurance companies can significantly speed up home repairs and recovery.
• 🤖 Disaster robotics is crucial for accelerating disaster recovery by enabling robots to perform tasks in hazardous environments.
• 🚁 UAVs, such as rotorcraft and fixed-wing drones, are invaluable for aerial surveys and providing detailed imagery for disaster assessment.
• 🌐 The use of geospatial surveys and 3D reconstruction from UAVs can help in understanding and managing disaster scenarios more effectively.
• 🐬 Unmanned marine vehicles, like SARbot, are essential for inspecting and assessing underwater infrastructure damaged by disasters.
• 🌊 The importance of marine vehicles is highlighted by their role in reopening ports and ensuring the flow of relief supplies after disasters like tsunamis.
• 🔥 Unmanned ground vehicles, exemplified by Bujold, can navigate through dangerous and inaccessible disaster sites, aiding in search and rescue.
• 📊 The challenge in disaster robotics lies not in the robots themselves but in managing the data they collect and ensuring it reaches the right experts in a timely manner.
• 🌐 Remote access to robots over the internet can allow experts to operate them without being physically present at the disaster site.
• 🔄 Sharing data collected by robots can streamline the disaster response process, reducing the need for multiple inspections and accelerating recovery.

Q & A

How many people are affected by disasters each year according to the transcript?

Over a million people are killed each year in disasters, with two and a half million people permanently disabled or displaced.

What is the economic impact of disasters as mentioned in the script?

Disasters result in billions of dollars in economic losses.

How can reducing the initial response time by one day impact the overall recovery time?

Reducing the initial response time by one day can reduce the overall recovery time by a thousand days, which is equivalent to three years.

What role do robots play in disaster response according to the speaker?

Robots can make a disaster go away faster by aiding in the initial response, saving lives, mitigating dangers, and assisting in the restoration of critical infrastructure.

What are the two types of UAVs mentioned in the script and how are they used?

The two types of UAVs mentioned are a rotorcraft, also known as a hummingbird, and a fixed-wing, known as a hawk. The hummingbird is used for structural inspections from unique angles, while the hawk is used for geospatial surveys and 3D reconstruction.

How did the use of UAVs at the Oso mudslides in Washington State impact the response time?

The use of UAVs at the Oso mudslides provided data in seven hours that would have otherwise taken two to three days to obtain, and at a higher resolution.

Why are unmanned marine vehicles important in disaster response?

Unmanned marine vehicles are important because 80 percent of the world's population lives by water, and critical infrastructure such as bridges and ports are often underwater and inaccessible after a disaster.

What is SARbot and how was it used in a fishing port?

SARbot is an unmanned marine vehicle that uses sonar to navigate underwater. It was used to reopen a fishing port in four hours, a task that would have taken divers six months and two weeks to complete manually.

What is Bujold and how was it utilized at the World Trade Center?

Bujold is an unmanned ground vehicle that was used extensively at the World Trade Center to navigate through the rubble of Towers 1, 2, and 4, going to places that were too dangerous or inaccessible for humans or dogs.

What is the biggest challenge in disaster robotics according to the speaker?

The biggest challenge in disaster robotics is not making the robots smaller or more heat-resistant, but rather managing the data and informatics, ensuring that the right data gets to the right people at the right time.

What is the speaker's challenge to the audience regarding the use of robots in disasters?

The speaker challenges the audience to look for the presence of robots in disaster response scenarios, as they may be operating underground, underwater, or in the sky, and are an essential part of rescue efforts.

Outlines

00:00

🚒 The Impact of Disaster Response and Robotics

This paragraph discusses the devastating impact of disasters, highlighting the significant loss of life, disability, displacement, and economic damage. It emphasizes the importance of reducing the initial response time to speed up overall recovery. The speaker introduces the concept of disaster robotics, explaining how robots can assist in disaster relief by providing rapid assessment and mitigation. The paragraph introduces two types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): rotorcraft and fixed-wing, explaining their roles in structural damage assessment and geospatial surveys. The speaker shares an example of how UAVs were used during the Oso mudslides to provide critical data rapidly, underscoring the transformative potential of these technologies in disaster management.

05:02

🛥️ The Role of Unmanned Vehicles in Disaster Recovery

The second paragraph expands on the importance of unmanned vehicles in disaster recovery, particularly in marine environments where much of the world's critical infrastructure is located. The speaker mentions the SARbot, an underwater vehicle that uses sonar to assess damage, and its role in reopening a fishing port quickly after a disaster. The paragraph also touches on the use of unmanned ground vehicles like Bujold at the World Trade Center, demonstrating how robots can navigate hazardous environments. The speaker argues that the key challenge in disaster robotics is not the physical capabilities of the robots but the management of the data they collect. The need for experts to access and interpret this data efficiently is highlighted, along with the potential for robots to assist in new and innovative ways, rather than replace human responders. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for recognizing the role of robots in future disaster responses.

Keywords

💡Disasters

Disasters refer to catastrophic events that cause significant loss of life, property, or the environment. In the video's context, disasters are the central theme, with the speaker discussing the impact of such events on communities and the economy. The script mentions the annual death toll and the long-term recovery process, emphasizing the importance of reducing initial response times to expedite recovery.

💡Initial Response

The initial response to a disaster is the first and often critical phase of emergency management, involving immediate actions to save lives and mitigate further damage. The video highlights the

Highlights

Over a million people die in disasters each year, with significant economic and social impacts.

Reducing the initial response time by one day can decrease overall recovery time by a thousand days.

The importance of initial responders in saving lives and mitigating disaster effects to facilitate recovery efforts.

The role of UAVs, such as rotorcraft and fixed-wing, in disaster response since Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

How UAVs provide unique perspectives for structural engineers and insurance assessments post-disaster.

The use of UAVs in geospatial surveys and 3D reconstruction for disaster understanding.

The application of UAV technology during the Oso mudslides for rapid data acquisition and analysis.

Transcripts

Over a million people are killed each year in disasters.

Two and a half million people will be permanently disabled or displaced,

and the communities will take 20 to 30 years to recover

and billions of economic losses.

If you can reduce the initial response by one day,

you can reduce the overall recovery

by a thousand days, or three years.

See how that works?

If the initial responders can get in, save lives,

mitigate whatever flooding danger there is,

that means the other groups can get in

to restore the water, the roads, the electricity,

which means then the construction people, the insurance agents,

all of them can get in to rebuild the houses,

which then means you can restore the economy,

and maybe even make it better and more resilient to the next disaster.

A major insurance company told me

that if they can get a homeowner's claim processed one day earlier,

it'll make a difference of six months

in that person getting their home repaired.

And that's why I do disaster robotics --

because robots can make a disaster go away faster.

Now, you've already seen a couple of these.

These are the UAVs.

These are two types of UAVs:

a rotorcraft, or hummingbird;

a fixed-wing, a hawk.

And they're used extensively since 2005 --

Hurricane Katrina.

Let me show you how this hummingbird, this rotorcraft, works.

Fantastic for structural engineers.

Being able to see damage from angles you can't get from binoculars on the ground

or from a satellite image,

or anything flying at a higher angle.

But it's not just structural engineers and insurance people who need this.

You've got things like this fixed-wing, this hawk.

Now, this hawk can be used for geospatial surveys.

That's where you're pulling imagery together

and getting 3D reconstruction.

We used both of these at the Oso mudslides up in Washington State,

because the big problem

was geospatial and hydrological understanding of the disaster --

not the search and rescue.

The search and rescue teams had it under control

and knew what they were doing.

The bigger problem was that river and mudslide might wipe them out

and flood the responders.

And not only was it challenging to the responders and property damage,

it's also putting at risk the future of salmon fishing

along that part of Washington State.

So they needed to understand what was going on.

In seven hours, going from Arlington,

driving from the Incident Command Post to the site, flying the UAVs,

processing the data, driving back to Arlington command post --

seven hours.

We gave them in seven hours data that they could take

only two to three days to get any other way --

and at higher resolution.

It's a game changer.

And don't just think about the UAVs.

I mean, they are sexy -- but remember,

80 percent of the world's population lives by water,

and that means our critical infrastructure is underwater --

the parts that we can't get to, like the bridges and things like that.

And that's why we have unmanned marine vehicles,

one type of which you've already met, which is SARbot, a square dolphin.

It goes underwater and uses sonar.

Well, why are marine vehicles so important

and why are they very, very important?

They get overlooked.

Think about the Japanese tsunami --

400 miles of coastland totally devastated,

twice the amount of coastland devastated by Hurricane Katrina in the United States.

You're talking about your bridges, your pipelines, your ports -- wiped out.

And if you don't have a port,

you don't have a way to get in enough relief supplies

to support a population.

That was a huge problem at the Haiti earthquake.

So we need marine vehicles.

Now, let's look at a viewpoint from the SARbot

of what they were seeing.

We were working on a fishing port.

We were able to reopen that fishing port, using her sonar, in four hours.

That fishing port was told it was going to be six months

before they could get a manual team of divers in,

and it was going to take the divers two weeks.

They were going to miss the fall fishing season,

which was the major economy for that part, which is kind of like their Cape Cod.

UMVs, very important.

But you know, all the robots I've shown you have been small,

and that's because robots don't do things that people do.

They go places people can't go.

And a great example of that is Bujold.

Unmanned ground vehicles are particularly small,

so Bujold --

(Laughter)

Say hello to Bujold.

(Laughter)

Bujold was used extensively at the World Trade Center

to go through Towers 1, 2 and 4.

You're climbing into the rubble, rappelling down, going deep in spaces.

And just to see the World Trade Center from Bujold's viewpoint, look at this.

You're talking about a disaster where you can't fit a person or a dog --

and it's on fire.

The only hope of getting to a survivor way in the basement,

you have to go through things that are on fire.

It was so hot, on one of the robots, the tracks began to melt and come off.

Robots don't replace people or dogs,

or hummingbirds or hawks or dolphins.

They do things new.

They assist the responders, the experts, in new and innovative ways.

The biggest problem is not making the robots smaller, though.

It's not making them more heat-resistant.

It's not making more sensors.

The biggest problem is the data, the informatics,

because these people need to get the right data at the right time.

So wouldn't it be great if we could have experts immediately access the robots

without having to waste any time of driving to the site,

so whoever's there, use their robots over the Internet.

Well, let's think about that.

Let's think about a chemical train derailment in a rural county.

What are the odds that the experts, your chemical engineer,

your railroad transportation engineers,

have been trained on whatever UAV that particular county happens to have?

Probably, like, none.

So we're using these kinds of interfaces

to allow people to use the robots without knowing what robot they're using,

or even if they're using a robot or not.

What the robots give you, what they give the experts, is data.

The problem becomes: who gets what data when?

One thing to do is to ship all the information to everybody

and let them sort it out.

Well, the problem with that is it overwhelms the networks,

and worse yet, it overwhelms the cognitive abilities

of each of the people trying to get that one nugget of information

they need to make the decision that's going to make the difference.

So we need to think about those kinds of challenges.

So it's the data.

Going back to the World Trade Center,

we tried to solve that problem by just recording the data from Bujold

only when she was deep in the rubble,

because that's what the USAR team said they wanted.

What we didn't know at the time

was that the civil engineers would have loved,

needed the data as we recorded the box beams, the serial numbers,

the locations, as we went into the rubble.

We lost valuable data.

So the challenge is getting all the data

and getting it to the right people.

Now, here's another reason.

We've learned that some buildings --

things like schools, hospitals, city halls --

get inspected four times by different agencies

throughout the response phases.

Now, we're looking, if we can get the data from the robots to share,

not only can we do things like compress that sequence of phases

to shorten the response time,

but now we can begin to do the response in parallel.

Everybody can see the data.

We can shorten it that way.

So really, "disaster robotics" is a misnomer.

It's not about the robots.

It's about the data.

(Applause)

So my challenge to you:

the next time you hear about a disaster,

look for the robots.

They may be underground, they may be underwater,

they may be in the sky,

but they should be there.

Look for the robots,

because robots are coming to the rescue.

(Applause)