Practically's Concepts - Golgi Apparatus - #LearnPractically

Summary

The Golgi apparatus, discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898, is a crucial organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It functions primarily in modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids. Composed of tubules, vesicles, cisternae, and vacuoles, it works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi modifies proteins, forms glycoproteins and glycolipids, and contributes to processes like acrosome synthesis in sperm cells and root hair formation in plants. With its distinct cis and trans faces, it plays a key role in cellular processes such as protein secretion and lysosome formation.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Golgi apparatus was discovered by Camilo Golgi in 1898 in the nerve cells of an owl.
• 😀 The Golgi apparatus is also known as lipochondria, idiosome, Dalton complex, and Baker's body.
• 😀 It is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature sieve elements in plants, mature sperm cells, and red blood cells in animals.
• 😀 The Golgi apparatus develops from invaginations of the plasma membrane or sometimes from the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear membrane.
• 😀 The Golgi apparatus consists of tubules, vesicles, and Golgi vacuoles.
• 😀 Cisternae in the Golgi apparatus are flat, disc-shaped sacs arranged concentrically around the nucleus.
• 😀 The Golgi apparatus has two distinct faces: the convex cis (forming) face and the concave trans (maturing) face.
• 😀 Tubules in the Golgi apparatus are short, branched, interconnected filamentous structures that develop from the sides of cisternae.
• 😀 Vesicles are small sacs that form from tubules and can be smooth (secretory) or coated (rough-surfaced).
• 😀 Golgi vacuoles, produced by the concave surface, function in packaging materials for secretion or delivery within the cell, and some act as lysosomes.
• 😀 The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and is responsible for the formation of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and acrosomes in sperm cells.

Q & A

Who first discovered the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus was first discovered by the Italian cytologist Camilo Golgi in 1898, in the nerve cells of an owl.

What are the alternative names for the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus is also called lipochondria, idiosome, Dalton complex, or Baker's body.

In which cells is the Golgi apparatus found?

The Golgi apparatus is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature sieve elements in plants, mature sperm cells, and red blood cells in animals.

How does the Golgi apparatus develop?

The Golgi apparatus develops from invaginations of the plasma membrane, or sometimes from evaginations of the nuclear membrane or from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What are the main components of the Golgi complex?

The Golgi complex has four components: tubules, vesicles, Golgi vacuoles, and cisternae.

What is the function of the forming face of the Golgi apparatus?

The forming face of the Golgi apparatus, known as the cis face, receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the maturing face of the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

The maturing face of the Golgi apparatus, known as the trans face, gives out the contents of vesicles in the form of Golgi vacuoles.

What are cisternae in the Golgi apparatus?

Cisternae are flat, disc-shaped sacs with swollen ends, arranged in a curved, parallel formation, and are the functional units of the Golgi apparatus.

What are the two types of vesicles in the Golgi apparatus?

The two types of vesicles in the Golgi apparatus are smooth vesicles, which are secretory vesicles, and coated vesicles, which have rough surfaces covered by bristle-like outgrowths.

What is the function of Golgi vacuoles?

Golgi vacuoles are large, rounded sacs produced by the concave surface of the Golgi apparatus. Some function as lysosomes, filled with granular substances.

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in protein modification?

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, before they are released from its trans face.

What are some of the important functions of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging materials for intracellular transport or secretion outside the cell, forming glycoproteins and glycolipids, and playing a key role in processes like the formation of root hairs and the acrosome in animal sperm cells.