Grade 10 Science Q1 Ep 2: Earthquake Epicenter
Summary
TLDRIn this educational episode, Teacher Melvin shares five health tips for screen time, followed by an interactive word search puzzle and a geography lesson on the Philippines' location in the Ring of Fire. The focus then shifts to understanding earthquakes through hazard maps, the role of seismologists, and the types of seismic waves. A hands-on slinky experiment by Teacher Aimee illustrates wave motions. The episode concludes with a pop quiz and a call to action for viewers to create and share an earthquake preparedness plan, emphasizing the importance of planning and awareness in disaster prevention.
Takeaways
- 🧘 Sit properly with your back well-supported by the chair backrest to maintain good posture and prevent back and neck pain during screen time.
- 🔄 Change your sitting position regularly when watching screens for long periods to avoid stiffness and promote blood circulation.
- 💡 Keep dim lighting in the room while watching screens to prevent eye strain, avoiding both overly bright and completely dark environments.
- 🤸♂️ Use commercial breaks to stretch and move around, which can help to relieve tension and keep the body limber.
- 🛌 Avoid watching TV in bed to prevent neck and back aches, which can be caused by improper posture and support.
- 🌏 Learn about plate tectonics and how they influence the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquake epicenters.
- 🌋 Understand the Philippines' location within the Ring of Fire, a zone of high seismic and volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean.
- 📚 Engage in educational activities such as word search puzzles and enrichment activities to reinforce learning about natural phenomena.
- 🗺️ Study hazard maps to identify areas prone to natural disasters like earthquakes and understand the legend to gauge risk levels.
- 🏗️ Recognize the importance of seismology, the study of earthquakes, and the different types of seismic waves that cause ground shaking.
- 🔬 Conduct simple experiments, like using a slinky to demonstrate the motion of primary and secondary waves, to better grasp the concepts of seismic activity.
- 📝 Keep notes on important details to aid in memory retention and understanding of the lessons about earthquakes and disaster preparedness.
Q & A
What are the five wonder tips provided by Teacher Melvin for maintaining health while using screens?
-The five tips are: 1) Sit properly with your back touching the chair backrest. 2) Change your position regularly if watching for long periods. 3) Keep dim lighting on in the room to prevent eye damage. 4) Use commercial breaks to change positions, walk around, and do gentle stretches. 5) Avoid watching TV in bed to prevent neck and back pain.
What is the main topic of the 'Wonder Science' episode discussed in the script?
-The main topic of the 'Wonder Science' episode is plate tectonics, including the formation of major mountain ranges, active volcanoes, and earthquake epicenters.
What is the 'Ring of Fire' mentioned in the script?
-The 'Ring of Fire' is a long chain of volcanoes and other geological active structures that surround the Pacific Ocean, indicating areas where plate tectonics are very evident.
What is the purpose of the word search puzzle activity in the script?
-The purpose of the word search puzzle is to engage the audience in a fun activity that tests their knowledge of the episode's content, with the incentive of earning gold coins and badges for correct answers.
What is the enrichment activity titled 'Rethink the Risk' in the script about?
-The 'Rethink the Risk' enrichment activity involves studying Philippine political maps and hazard maps to understand the areas vulnerable to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes.
What are the roles of body waves and surface waves in the context of earthquakes?
-Body waves, such as P-waves (primary waves), travel through the earth's inner layers, while surface waves, which arrive after body waves, are responsible for most of the damage and destruction associated with earthquakes.
How can the motion of primary and secondary waves be demonstrated using a slinky?
-The motion can be demonstrated by holding both ends of a slinky and then pushing or jiggling one end in quick motions. The waves created by these actions mimic the behavior of primary and secondary seismic waves.
What is the significance of the Manila Observatory and Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the script?
-They are responsible for mapping the Philippine vulnerability to environmental disasters, including seismicity or the geographic and historical distribution of earthquake events.
What are the top 10 provinces in the Philippines that are at risk to earthquakes according to the script?
-The script does not provide a specific list, but it mentions that seismicity is all over the country except in the Palawan region, and certain provinces are particularly prone to earthquakes due to their location relative to the Manila Trench and Philippine Trench.
What is the purpose of the five-item quiz in the script?
-The quiz serves to challenge the audience's understanding of the episode's content about earthquakes and seismic waves, with the incentive of earning gold coins for correct answers.
What is the final activity suggested by the script for the audience to undertake?
-The final activity is to create an earthquake preparedness plan and share it on social media platforms to spread awareness and potentially save lives.
Outlines
🧘 Healthy Viewing Habits and Introduction to Wonder Science
The script begins with a set of health tips for viewers to follow while watching screens, ensuring proper posture, changing positions, using dim lighting, stretching during breaks, and avoiding watching TV in bed to prevent back and neck pain. It introduces Teacher Melvin, the host of 'Wonder Science,' who encourages learning about various scientific topics. The previous episode's focus on plate tectonics, earthquakes, and the Philippines' geographical significance in the Ring of Fire is briefly recapped, setting the stage for an interactive word search puzzle and a subsequent enrichment activity.
🗺️ Exploring Philippine Geography and Hazard Maps
This paragraph delves into the use of political maps for identifying important locations in the Philippines, highlighting the city of Elagant with its famous Maria Cristina Falls and its role in power supply. The script invites viewers to locate themselves on the map and share their region's landmarks. It then transitions to the discussion of hazard maps, explaining their purpose in showing areas vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. The importance of understanding map legends to assess risk levels is emphasized, followed by an exploration of geophysical hazard maps and the significance of earthquakes in the Philippines.
🌋 Understanding Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
The script provides an in-depth look at earthquakes, explaining their causes as the result of movements along the earth's crust fractures called faults. It introduces the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology's role in recording earthquakes and the concept of seismology. Different types of seismic waves—primary (P-waves) and secondary (S-waves)—are described, along with their properties and the way they move through the earth. A simple experiment using a slinky is suggested to demonstrate these wave motions, furthering the understanding of earthquake phenomena.
📝 Earthquake Preparedness and Interactive Quiz
The focus shifts to earthquake preparedness, with a challenge for viewers to create a plan for actions before, during, and after an earthquake. An interactive quiz is presented, testing knowledge on seismic waves, the process of locating an earthquake's epicenter, and the Philippines' vulnerability to earthquakes due to its location within the Pacific Ring of Fire. Correct answers to the quiz are provided, reinforcing the learning points and encouraging viewers to share their preparedness plans on social media.
🏆 Conclusion and Encouragement for Future Learning
The script concludes with a summary of the activities and a reminder of the importance of disaster preparedness. It celebrates the viewers' engagement and encourages them to continue learning and sharing their knowledge. Teacher Melvin signs off, promising more science adventures in future episodes, emphasizing that science is fun for everyone.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Screen Time
💡Plate Tectonics
💡Ring of Fire
💡Epicenter
💡Convection
💡Vulcanism
💡Hazard Maps
💡Seismology
💡Seismic Waves
💡Disaster Preparedness
💡Social Media
Highlights
Teacher Melvin provides five health tips for maintaining back, neck, and eye health during screen time.
Importance of sitting properly with back support and changing positions regularly to prevent strain.
Recommendation to use dim lighting in the room to protect eyes from potential damage.
Encouragement to stretch during commercial breaks and take walking breaks to alleviate stiffness.
Advise against watching TV in bed to prevent neck and back pain.
Introduction to the concept of plate tectonics and their impact on geological processes.
Explanation of how the Philippines is situated in the Ring of Fire, affecting its tectonic activity.
Engagement of the audience with a word search puzzle to reinforce learning.
Introduction of an enrichment activity titled 'Rethink the Risk' using a Philippine map.
Discussion on the significance of hazard maps in identifying vulnerable areas to natural disasters.
Description of the types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves, and their characteristics.
Demonstration of primary and secondary waves using a slinky to visualize earthquake movements.
Highlighting the top 10 provinces in the Philippines most at risk to earthquakes.
Explanation of why the Philippines is prone to earthquakes due to its location within the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Interactive pop quiz to test knowledge on seismic waves and earthquake preparedness.
Assignment to create an earthquake preparedness plan to promote disaster awareness.
Encouragement to share the preparedness plan on social media to spread awareness.
Closing remarks emphasizing the importance of science education and preparation for natural disasters.
Transcripts
[Music]
to start today's episode
these are the five wonder tips for you
to remember to keep your back
neck and eyes healthy while indulging in
some screen time
this is teacher melvin's healthy tips
for everyone
number one sit properly so you are well
supported
your back should be touching the chair
back rest
number two change your position
regularly
if you are watching for long periods
take turns sitting on the couch
chair or floor number three
keep dim lighting on in the room rather
than no lighting
strong or no lighting may lead to eye
damage over time
number four stretch use commercial
breaks to change positions
to get up and walk around and to do
gentle stretches
number five don't watch tv in bed as
this often leads to neck and back ache
there you are now ready to begin
hello wonder warriors it's me teacher
melvin
your companion to your wonder science
adventures
learn everything under the sun because
here at deputy
great and science is fun so buckle up
and get ready to power your mind this
is wonder science
last episode you were able to learn
about plate tectonics
based on the distribution of active
volcanoes
earthquake epicenters and mountain
ranges
specifically you learn that plates are
in constant motion
and as they interact along their margins
important geologic processes
take place such as the formation of
major mountain ranges
active volcanoes and earthquake
epicenters
take note where there are earthquakes
crusts can either meet or move apart
and form mountains and volcanoes
also we explored the philippines is
situated in a place where plate
tectonics are very evident
the ring of fire and remember it is a
long chain of volcanoes and other
technically active structures
that surround the pacific ocean so there
i'm pretty sure that you remember it
well now
let's have a short game first
kindly prepare the following materials
pencil and a piece of paper
for this activity i'm going to show you
a word
search puzzle there are 5 mystery words
in the puzzle you are only given
30 seconds to search and write the word
as
fast as you can you will get
one gold coin for every correct answer
if you collect
all five an awesome badge will be given
to you
[Music]
are you ready let's play
with search challenge
[Music]
you
[Music]
time is up let's check your answer
these are the mystery words of the
puzzle
epicenter plates
ring of fire convection vulcanism
how many words were you able to find
well done if you got five gold coins
you just earned your awesome badge and
now
kindly get yourself learning module for
this activity
you will need the following materials a
separate piece of paper
a pencil and a philippine geographic or
political map
now that you are all set let's perform
enrichment activity
titled rethink the risk
are you ready let's begin
first look at the philippine political
map
you learned in your previous science
explorations that a political map
helps in identifying the important
locations of philippines
this map illustrates the provinces and
charted cities
boundaries with their capitals and
national capital
right now i am in elegant city situated
in mindanao island group did you know
that elegant city
famous maria christina falls the second
highest waterfall in the philippines
and the star landmark of the city which
is
part of the reason why it's known as the
city of majestic waterfalls
besides its natural beauty it supplies
power
in elegant city and helps in the
production of 70
of mindanao's electricity
looking at the philippine map i am in
region 10 or northern mindanao
can you also pinpoint where you are
right now
awesome please share your city and
region by posting
a famous landmark or tourist destination
that your city or region is known for
[Music]
[Applause]
so
post in facebook using certified wonder
traveler great i am thrilled to see
all your photos and now
take a look and study these hazard maps
if we say hazard maps what will it show
these hazard maps will show you the
areas in our country
that are affected by grown or vulnerable
to a particular hazard or natural
disasters
hazard maps that show geophysical
hazards like
earthquakes volcanic eruptions and
tsunamis
are also termed as geophysical hazard
maps
also it is important to take note and
familiarize
the legend found in each map
a line means the provincial boundary
between two locations and the risk
of an area to a certain hazard or
particular natural disaster
is categorized into four
high medium low
and no risk take note of these legends
as you explore the geophysical hazard
maps
got it great
and now let us explore the hazard maps
one by one
this map will show you the areas that
are prone or vulnerable to earthquakes
wait the ground is shaking we'll just
experience an earthquake
that's exactly what you feel when
there's an earthquake
since 1968 phoebox or the philippine
institute of volcanology and seismology
has recorded 12 destructive earthquakes
in the philippines
as you have learned from your previous
grade earthquakes are natural geological
phenomena
caused by the sudden and rapid movement
of large
volume rock the violent shaking and
destruction
caused by earthquakes are the result of
the rupture and slippage
along fractures of earth's crust called
falls
seismology is the study of earthquakes
and seismic waves that move through
and around the earth what happens when
an earthquake starts
the sudden release of energy from an
earthquake sends out
several different shaking movements or
seismic waves
a seismologist is a scientist who
studies earthquakes and seismic waves
there are several different kinds of
seismic waves and they all move in
different ways
the two main types of waves are
body waves and surface waves
body waves can travel through the
earth's inner layers
but surface waves can only move along
the surface of the planet like cripples
in water
earthquakes rotate seismic energy as
both
body and surface waves the first kind of
body wave is the p-wave or primary wave
pre-waves are also known as
compressional waves
because of the pushing and pulling they
do the second kind is
s-waves or secondary waves which is the
second wave you feel
in an earthquake an s wave is slower
than a p
wave and can only move through solid
rock
not through any liquid medium it is this
property of s
waves that led seismologists to conclude
that the earth's outer core
is a liquid s waves move rock particles
up and down or side to side
perpendicular
to the direction that the wave is
traveling in and finally
traveling only through crust surface
waves are of a lower frequency than body
waves and are easily distinguished on a
seismogram
though they arrive after body waves it
is
surface waves that are almost entirely
responsible for the damage
and destruction associated with
earthquakes
wonder warriors how are you so far don't
forget to take note of the important
details in a piece of paper
remember by taking down notes you can
easily remember
our lesson and today another wonder
teacher
will join us here in wonder science let
us welcome
teacher aimee hello another warriors i
am teacher aimee and we will show you
a simple experiment to demonstrate the
motion of primary and secondary waves
using a slinky i encourage you to try
this at home with your nanai
or tata ate so to start
i will hold one end of this slinky while
teacher melvin
will hold the opposite end
[Music]
if you don't have a partner at home you
can tie the slinky onto a hook
in a fixed wall or onto a doorknob make
sure to close the door first before
trying this activity
while holding the other end of this
slinky i will make a few steps away from
teacher melvin
until the slinky isn't sagging anymore
take note don't pull the slinky too
tight
and now i will ask teacher melvin to
push
the end of the slinky towards me in one
quick
motion without letting go of the slinky
[Music]
are you ready i'm ready push
[Music]
what did you see when i pushed the end
of the slinky towards the other end
in one quick motion it created waves
similar to primary waves
moving back and forth along the slinky
primary waves are consists of a
compressional or
shortening motion and a dilational or
expanding motion
that both lie along a line and now
i will ask teacher melvin to quickly
jiggle up and down from side to side
once
without letting go of the slinky
are you ready i'm ready
[Music]
what did you see when i jiggled the end
of the slinky towards the other end in
one
quick motion it created waves similar to
secondary waves moving along the slinky
secondary wave moves in a direction
perpendicular to the direction that the
energy is traveling
in or perpendicular to the direction of
wave propagation
wonder warriors i hope you enjoy doing
this activity at home with your family
thank you teacher aimee physics teacher
of illigand city national high school
for joining us here at wonder science
today
according to the manila observatory and
department of environment and natural
resources
in the mapping of philippine
vulnerability to environmental disasters
seismicity or geographic and historical
distribution of earthquake events
is all over the country except in the
palawan region
as shown in this figure these are the
top 10 provinces that are at risk to
earthquakes
so regardless
[Music]
are prone to earthquakes especially the
deep focused ones due to the manila
trench
while surigao del sur and davao oriental
have earthquake hazards
due to the philippine trench and nearby
active faults
so there you have just learned about
earthquakes as natural geological
phenomena
as a result of the rupture and slippage
along fractures of earth's crust
called faults and now
challenge yourself to do this five item
quiz
i will read the question and choices
once you're only given
five seconds to write the letter of the
correct answer for each question
you will be given one gold coin for
every correct
answer are you ready
wonder warriors let's begin
question number one which of the seismic
waves
travels the fastest a instant wave
b primary wave c
secondary wave d surface wave
the correct answer is letter b primary
wave
[Music]
question number two what seismic wave
moves in a direction perpendicular to
the direction that the energy is
traveling in
a instant wave b primary wave
c secondary wave d surface wave
[Music]
the correct answer is letter c secondary
wave
[Music]
question number three what starting
point is to be traced to locate the
epicenter of an earthquake
a first b wave and the first s wave
b second p wave and the second s wave
c third p wave and the third s wave
or d fourth p wave and the fourth s wave
[Music]
the correct answer is letter a first b
wave and the first s-wave
[Applause]
question number four based on
geographical hazard maps
what is the safest place in the country
due to its very low risk geological
disasters like earthquakes
[Applause]
is
the correct answer is letter c palawan
question number five why is philippines
prone to experience earthquakes
hey it is within the pacific ring of
fire
b the pacific ocean causes daily shaking
of the archipelago
see it has plenty of stored energy in
the cross
part d the philippines is in tropical
area
the correct answer is letter a that is
within the pacific ring of fire
very well done wonder warriors i am
happy that you were able to challenge
yourself to do the pop quiz
and now let us add the gold coins you
have collected from the pop quiz
how many gold coins have you collected
for all the effort that you do i will
give you another awesome badge
[Music]
as wonder warriors it is important that
you are aware of the natural hazards
such as earthquakes to prepare
yourselves and demonstrate the ways to
ensure
preparedness when disasters happen
remember the key to effective disaster
prevention
is planning for your assignment create a
preparedness plan that we should do
before during and after an earthquake
perform this activity with either family
members or friends who are available to
join you
spread awareness and save lives using
social media platforms
share your earthquake preparedness plan
to the online world and use
wonder ready
[Music]
you did well today wander warriors i am
excited to see all your outputs and that
ends our wonder adventure for today
but don't worry more science adventures
are coming your way
always remember science is fun for
everyone
this has been your wander explorer
teacher melvin
see you next time for another episode of
fun
wonder adventures only here at devon tv
[Music]
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[Music]
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you
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