TSUNAMI | Pengertian dan Sebab Terjadinya

Beranda-Anak Official

16 Dec 202103:50

Summary

TLDRThe script discusses tsunamis, natural disasters originating from seismic or volcanic activity under the sea, impacting coastal areas and islands. It explains that tsunamis can cause significant destruction and loss of life, contaminating freshwater and agricultural lands. The script highlights the importance of early warning systems and evacuation procedures, particularly in Pacific Rim countries like Japan and Hawaii. It also describes how tsunamis are monitored by global seismological institutions and satellites, and the factors that can trigger them, such as undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteor impacts. The summary emphasizes the immense speed and destructive power of tsunamis when they reach the shore, with waves that can surge inland for hundreds of meters.

Takeaways

🌊 Tsunamis originate from the Japanese word meaning 'great wave in the harbor', indicating their massive nature.
🏞️ They are caused by disturbances such as undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts, which can lead to coastal destruction and loss of life.
🌐 Tsunamis can affect coastal areas, islands, and even cause damage to infrastructure, vegetation, and human casualties.
💧 They result in saltwater contamination of land and fresh water sources, impacting agriculture and clean water supplies.
📍 Regions around the Pacific Ocean, especially Japan and Hawaii, are particularly prone to tsunamis and have warning systems and evacuation procedures in place.
🔬 Tsunamis are monitored by global seismological institutions and tracked via satellite to observe their development and direction.
🌋 Most tsunamis are triggered by undersea earthquakes, with vertical movements of the Earth's crust causing sudden rises or drops at the ocean floor.
🚀 The speed of a tsunami can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour, depending on the depth of the ocean where it occurs.
🏖️ Upon reaching the shore, tsunamis can slow to approximately 50 kilometers per hour and their wave height can increase dramatically, causing extensive damage.
🌊 Tsunami waves in the deep ocean may only be a few centimeters to several meters high, but can surge inland by hundreds of meters or even kilometers when they reach the coast.
🌎 Vertical movements from earthquakes or subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is pushed under another, can also cause disturbances in the ocean that lead to tsunamis.
🌠 Extremely large meteor impacts or landslides can generate mega-tsunamis with wave heights reaching hundreds of meters.

Q & A

What does the term 'tsunami' originate from and what does it mean?
-The term 'tsunami' originates from the Japanese language, meaning 'harbor wave' or 'great wave in the harbor'.
What are the common causes of a tsunami?
-Tsunamis are commonly caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts in the ocean.
What kind of destruction and casualties can a tsunami cause?
-Tsunamis can cause significant destruction to coastal areas, including damage to buildings, vegetation, and loss of human life.
What are the negative impacts of a tsunami on the environment and human settlements?
-A tsunami can lead to saltwater contamination of land and fresh water, damage to agriculture, and destruction of human settlements, particularly in coastal areas.
What measures are taken in places like Japan and Hawaii to prepare for a tsunami?
-In places like Japan and Hawaii, there are warning systems and evacuation procedures in place to prepare for potential tsunamis.
How are tsunamis monitored and observed worldwide?
-Tsunamis are monitored and observed by various seismological institutions around the world and their development is tracked through satellite imagery.
What percentage of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes?
-Approximately 90% of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes.
How do vertical movements of the Earth's crust contribute to the formation of a tsunami?
-Vertical movements of the Earth's crust can cause the seafloor to rise or fall suddenly, disrupting the balance of the water above it and leading to the formation of a tsunami.
What is the typical speed of a tsunami wave in the deep ocean?
-The speed of a tsunami wave in the deep ocean can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour.
How does the height of a tsunami wave change as it approaches the shore?
-In the deep ocean, a tsunami wave may only be a few centimeters to a few meters high, but as it reaches the shore, it can rise to tens of meters due to the accumulation of water.
What is the range of a tsunami's inland penetration when it reaches the shore?
-A tsunami can penetrate inland by several hundred meters to even several kilometers when it reaches the shore.
What are some specific geological events that can trigger a tsunami?
-Specific geological events that can trigger a tsunami include undersea landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tectonic plate subduction.
What is a 'mega-tsunami' and how does it form?
-A 'mega-tsunami' is a very large tsunami that can be caused by extremely large meteor impacts or landslides. Its height can reach hundreds of meters.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 Understanding Tsunamis

This paragraph introduces tsunamis, explaining their origin from the Japanese word 'tsunami', which translates to 'harbor wave'. It describes tsunamis as large waves that occur following undersea disturbances such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts. The paragraph highlights the potential for tsunamis to cause significant damage and loss of life in coastal and island areas. It also touches on the environmental impacts, including destruction of buildings, vegetation, and contamination of freshwater sources. The paragraph mentions that around the Pacific Ocean, particularly in Japan and Hawaii, there are warning systems and evacuation procedures in place to mitigate the effects of tsunamis.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Tsunami

A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves typically caused by a large-scale underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or meteor impact. In the video's context, tsunamis are the central theme, illustrating their potential for destruction along coastlines and the importance of warning systems. The script mentions that tsunamis can cause significant damage and loss of life, as well as contaminate freshwater and agricultural lands.

💡Underwater Earthquake

An underwater earthquake is a seismic event that occurs beneath the Earth's surface in a marine environment. The script explains that 90% of tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, particularly those that result in vertical movement of the ocean floor, which can suddenly displace large volumes of water and generate tsunami waves.

💡Volcanic Eruption

A volcanic eruption is the release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano. The script mentions that volcanic eruptions under the sea can cause tsunamis by displacing large amounts of water, similar to how an underwater earthquake might trigger one.

💡Meteor Impact

A meteor impact refers to the collision of a meteoroid with a planetary body, such as Earth. The script suggests that a meteor falling into the ocean can also generate a tsunami, especially if the meteor is large enough to significantly disturb the water.

💡Seismology

Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The script indicates that tsunamis are observed by various seismological institutions around the world, emphasizing the role of these institutions in monitoring and warning about potential tsunamis.

💡Warning System

A warning system is a set of procedures and alerts designed to inform people of impending danger, such as a tsunami. The script mentions that places like Japan and Hawaii have established tsunami warning systems and evacuation procedures to protect their populations.

💡Evacuation Procedure

An evacuation procedure is a plan detailing the steps to be taken to move people out of harm's way in the event of a disaster. The script refers to the importance of having such procedures in place to respond effectively to tsunami threats.

💡Coastal Area

A coastal area refers to the region where land meets the sea, often characterized by beaches, cliffs, or other shoreline features. The script discusses how tsunamis can cause extensive damage in these areas, emphasizing the vulnerability of coastal regions to such natural disasters.

💡Subduction Zone

A subduction zone is a geological region where one tectonic plate moves under another, sliding deep into the Earth's mantle. The script explains that tsunamis can be generated in subduction zones when the movement of the plates causes disturbances in the ocean.

💡Mega-Tsunami

A mega-tsunami is an extraordinarily large wave event, often associated with massive geological disturbances. The script briefly mentions the concept of a mega-tsunami, suggesting that it can result from particularly large impacts or landslides, with wave heights reaching hundreds of meters.

💡Run-up

Run-up is the distance a wave travels up a slope or shoreline after making landfall. The script describes how tsunami waves, which may be only a few centimeters to several meters high in the deep ocean, can reach tens of meters in height upon reaching the shore, indicating the significant run-up associated with tsunamis.

Highlights

Tsunami originates from the Japanese word 'tsunami', meaning 'harbor wave'.

Tsunamis are waves that occur following earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts in the ocean.

They can cause significant damage and loss of life in coastal and island areas.

Tsunamis can destroy everything in their path, including buildings and vegetation.

Saltwater contamination can affect agricultural land, soil, and clean water sources.

Cities around the Pacific Ocean, especially in Japan and Hawaii, have warning systems and evacuation procedures.

Tsunamis are monitored by various seismological institutions worldwide and tracked via satellites.

Tsunamis can occur due to disturbances that cause a significant displacement of water, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteor impacts.

90% of tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes.

Vertical movements of the Earth's crust can cause the seafloor to rise or fall suddenly, disrupting the balance of water above it.

The energy of the ocean's water flow can create large waves upon reaching the shore, leading to a tsunami.

The speed of a tsunami wave depends on the depth of the ocean where the wave occurs and can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour.

Upon reaching the shore, tsunami waves can slow down to approximately 50 kilometers per hour and become highly destructive.

In the open ocean, tsunami waves may only be a few centimeters to several meters high.

Upon reaching the shore, tsunami waves can reach tens of meters in height due to the accumulation of water.

Tsunamis can travel far inland from the coastline, with a range of several hundred meters or even kilometers.

Vertical movements can occur along faults or during earthquakes and can lead to underwater disturbances that cause tsunamis.

Landslides on the seafloor and underwater volcanic eruptions can also cause disturbances in the ocean that lead to tsunamis.

If a meteor or landslide is large enough, it can cause a mega-tsunami with heights reaching hundreds of meters.