TB Paru 2: Pengumpulan Spesimen Sputum (dahak)

Summary

This educational video discusses the procedure for collecting sputum samples for tuberculosis (TB) testing. The video outlines key steps including proper preparation, collection methods, quality assessment, labeling, and completing necessary documentation. It also provides tips for motivating patients to provide quality samples and addresses common challenges, such as difficulty in expectorating sputum. The video emphasizes the importance of correct collection timing, the right environment, and the need for clear communication with patients to ensure reliable results. Additionally, the script highlights the importance of maintaining proper hygiene and handling of sputum samples to prevent contamination.

Takeaways

• 😀 The main goal of the training is to enable participants to perform high-quality sputum collection for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis.
• 😀 Proper preparation is essential for sputum collection, including using the correct tools and understanding the timing and location of the collection.
• 😀 Sputum should be collected at three key times: first thing in the morning after waking up, during the first visit to the health center, and on the second visit.
• 😀 The ideal location for sputum collection is an open space with direct sunlight, or a well-ventilated closed room, avoiding places like laboratories or bathrooms.
• 😀 The correct technique for collecting sputum involves rinsing the mouth, taking deep breaths, and coughing forcefully into the sputum pot without standing directly in front of the patient.
• 😀 The quality of sputum specimens is critical; good quality sputum is thick, yellow-green, and mucoid, while saliva or mucus is not suitable for TB testing.
• 😀 Patients who have difficulty producing sputum can be advised to do light exercise, drink warm water before bed, or take medication like guaifenesin to help loosen mucus.
• 😀 Sputum collection should ideally produce 3-5 milliliters of sputum, which is the necessary volume for testing.
• 😀 After sputum is collected, it must be properly labeled with a code indicating the patient's identity, collection time, and specimen details.
• 😀 Once sputum reaches the laboratory, its quality and volume are checked, and it is then processed for microscopy to identify TB bacteria (BTA) using the Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the lesson about sputum collection for TB testing?

The main objective is to ensure that participants are able to carry out the collection of sputum samples that are of high quality for tuberculosis (TB) testing.

What are the specific goals for participants in this lesson?

The specific goals are to prepare for sputum collection, explain the correct time and place for collection, demonstrate how to expectorate sputum, evaluate the quality of the sputum, write the specimen code, and complete the laboratory examination request form.

What equipment is necessary for collecting sputum?

The necessary equipment includes a clean sputum pot with a diameter of at least 6 cm and a screw cap, a laboratory examination request form (TB 05), a pencil, and a marker.

What are the recommended times for sputum collection?

Sputum should be collected in the morning, starting immediately after waking up. There is also a possibility of collecting sputum over three consecutive days, especially for hospitalized patients.

What modifications exist for sputum collection protocols?

Modifications can be made depending on the patient's condition, such as collecting sputum at the first morning after waking up on day one, and again on day two and three, especially in hospital settings.

What places are not suitable for sputum collection?

Places not suitable for sputum collection include the laboratory (due to contamination risks), restrooms, waiting rooms, and areas with poor ventilation.

What is the correct way to expectorate sputum for collection?

The correct method involves rinsing the mouth with clean water, taking 2-3 deep breaths, coughing forcefully into the sputum pot, and then sealing the pot tightly.

How should a patient be motivated to collect sputum correctly?

Patients should be motivated to return for further sputum collection if the sample quality is poor, and they should be encouraged to repeat the process if the sputum is not representative (e.g., containing too much saliva or mucus).

What types of sputum quality are considered ideal and acceptable?

Ideal sputum is mucopurulent, yellow-green, and thick. Acceptable sputum includes mucoid sputum, which is thick and sticky, and purulent sputum, which is thick and sticky, possibly mixed with blood. Saliva or water-like sputum is considered poor quality.

How should the sputum pot be labeled and identified?

The sputum pot should be labeled with a code that includes the patient's district code, unit code, serial number, and the time of collection. This information should match the details on the laboratory request form.