How to Learn a Language Without Studying?
Summary
TLDRこのビデオスクリプトでは、言語学習における「自然獲得」と「学習」の違いを探求しています。言語学者のノーマン・チョムスキーの「ユニバーサル・グラマー」理論に基づき、人類は言語の基本原則を先天的に理解しており、言語獲得の基礎を形成しているとされています。スティーブン・クラスエンの「感情フィルター仮説」と「入力仮説」に基づき、感情的要因や理解可能な入力が言語獲得に大きな影響を与えると示唆しています。ビデオでは、言語を学ぶ際に文法に焦点を当てず、代わりにリスニングとマネキンを強化し、興味を持つことでより効果的な獲得が可能であるとアドバイスしています。また、ハイブリッド方法を提案し、学習と獲得の両方の利点を活用する最適な環境を作り出す方法を探求しています。
Takeaways
- 🌍 沉浸式学习与学术教育不同,它通过工作和日常生活中的沉浸来学习语言。
- 👶 根据诺姆·乔姆斯基的普遍语法理论,人类天生具有理解语言基本原理的能力。
- 📚 学习是有意的、有结构的学习过程,而习得是自然和下意识的,通过暴露和沉浸式输入来获取知识。
- 🧒 儿童通过模仿和直接接触语言迅速学习语言,他们不依赖语法学习。
- 🎓 斯蒂芬·克拉申认为,习得比学习更有力,建议初期不直接关注语法,而是扩展词汇量和沉浸式听力训练。
- 🌟 克拉申的情感过滤器假设表明,情感因素如焦虑、动机和自信显著影响语言习得。
- 📺 通过观看电视剧和电影等目标语言的内容,可以提高语言习得的效果。
- 🎧 克拉申的输入假说认为,当学习者接触到略高于他们当前理解水平的可理解输入时,语言习得就会发生。
- 📚 语言应该在真实语境中体验,而不是孤立地学习,这有助于使学习更相关和愉快。
- 🔍 成人可能没有时间完全沉浸或金钱去目标语言国家旅行,因此找到学习与习得的平衡点很重要。
- 🎯 混合方法可能是最好的语言学习方法,结合有意识和无意识的学习,针对特定技能进行练习。
Q & A
どのような経験から話者は言語学習のストーリーを始めましたか?
-話者はヨルダンでの経験から始めて、東アジアの労働者たちが言語学校に行かずともアラビア語を上手に話すことに感銘を受けました。
話者はどのようにして言語を学ぶのですか?
-話者は仕事と没入から言語を学ぶ方法に興味を持ち、特に外国人と地元人と結婚している人々が没入を通じて流暢なアラビア語を話すことに感心しています。
Noam Chomskyの言語獲得理論とは何ですか?
-Noam Chomskyは、人類は言語を支える基本原則に対する生来的な理解を持っており、言語獲得の能力が私たちの脳に組み込まれていると理論しています。
言語獲得と学習の違いは何ですか?
-学習は知識を体系的に学ぶ意識的なプロセスであり、獲得は露出と没入を通じて知識を自然に獲得する潜在的なプロセスです。
子供たちはどのように言語を学ぶのでしょうか?
-子供たちは真似遊びを通じて言語を学び、彼らは言語に直接露出されることで、言語の単語数を大人よりも多く学びます。
文法に直接注目しないで言語を学ぶ理由は何ですか?
-言語獲得理論と成功例から、文法に直接注目するのではなく、語彙を広げて聴くことに重点を置くことが推奨されています。
感情的フィルター仮説とは何ですか?
-Stephen Krashenが提案した感情的フィルター仮説では、不安、動機、自己満足などの感情的因素が言語獲得に大きな影響を与えるとされています。
話者はペルシャ語を学ぶ際にどのようなアプローチを取りましたか?
-話者はペルシャ語を学ぶ際には文化と文学に対する情熱を持っており、ペルシャ語の映画やドキュメンタリーを多く見て、本を読んで興味を高めました。
Lingopieプラットフォームはどのように言語学習に役立つか?
-Lingopieはテレビ番組や映画をターゲット言語で楽しむことができ、新しい単語をクリックして意味を確認し、コンテキストで理解しやすくする機能を提供しています。
Dr. KrashenのInput Hypothesisとは何ですか?
-Dr. KrashenのInput Hypothesisでは、学習者が彼らの理解レベルをわずかに上回る理解可能な入力に曝されると言語獲得が起こると定義されています。
話者は言語学習においてバランスをどのように保ちますか?
-話者は学習と獲得の両方の利点を最大限に活用するために、意識的な学習と潜在的な獲得のバランスを保つハイブリッド方法を提唱しています。
話者によると、言語学習における成功の鍵は何ですか?
-話者によると、言語学習における成功の鍵は自己学習と没入のバランス、そして言語に没入する意欲と努力の程度にかかっています。
Outlines
😀 言語吸収の神秘
第1段落では、ジョルダンで多くの東アジア人労働者と出会い、彼らは言語学校に行かず、仕事と没入によってアラビア語を学んだと語っています。また、外国人と結婚している人々が没入を通じて流暢なアラビア語を話すことができると聞かれ、その子たちは母国語を伝えることで三言語話者になることが話題となっています。話者は、自己が多言語話者であることを考えると、没入と学術教育の違い、そして没入をどのようにターゲット国外で適用するかについて興味を持ちます。言語学者のNoam Chomskyのユニバーサル文法理論に基づき、人は言語を支える基本原則に対する生まれながらの理解を持っているとされています。言語獲得は自然で潜在的なプロセスであり、学習とは意識的で意図的なプロセスと区別されます。Stephen Krashenは、獲得が学習よりも強力であると主張しています。子供たちは、大人のように複雑なタスクを学ぶ前に、模倣を通じて言語を急速に獲得しています。
🎬 没入学習の効果とアプローチ
第2段落では、話者がペルシャ語を学ぶ際に文化と文学への情熱を持っていたと語ります。複雑な内容を理解できなかったにもかかわらず、映画やドキュメンタリーを多く見、イランやアフガニスタンなどのペルシャ語圏に関する本を読んでいました。これにより、モチベーションと情熱が高まり、ペルシャ語を進めるにつれて、その言語を使って本当に好きなコンテンツを消費し始めました。また、中級レベルの学習者には、日常生活で役立つ言葉やトピックが少なく退屈であふれる教科書から離れることをお勧めしています。例えば、スペイン語を学んでいる場合、サッカーが好きな人はスペイン語のサッカー戦やスポーツ解説を聞くことで、楽しく语言を獲得できます。さらに、Lingopieというプラットフォームを紹介しており、これは視聴者がターゲット言語でTV番組や映画を見ることで、楽しい方法で言語学習を行うことができます。Dr. KrashenのInput Hypothesisにも触れており、学習者は理解できる入力に曝されることで言語獲得が起こるとされています。
🎧 没入学習のコツと自己学習の効果
第3段落では、話者は没入学習の理論に賛同していますが、自分の言語学習の旅では、このアプローチだけに頼ることは難しいと感じています。子供たちは空白のノートに学び、極めて没入的な環境で学びますが、大人たちは理想とは異なる状況に直面することが多いため、積極的に言語を学び、没入方法と組み合わせる必要があると語っています。辞書を常に手元に持ち、単語をケースバイケースで調べることで、文脈の中で単語をよりよく記憶し理解することができます。また、自己学習においては、模倣、想像上のシナリオ作成、シャドウイング、聞こえることを繰り返すことで話すことはなくても、話者レベルに達する成功例があります。さらに、言語を完全に没入する予定であれば、一度に2つの言語を組み合わせるのは避けるべきであり、没入は単一の言語のみで行うべきだとアドバイスしています。最後に、ヘッドフォンへの投資も重要であり、長時間のリスニングに適した品質の良いヘッドフォンを選ぶべきだとしています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡言語習得
💡言語学習
💡インマージンス
💡ユニバーサル文法
💡アクイジション理論
💡感情的フィルター仮説
💡インプット仮説
💡ハイブリッド方法
💡リスニングとミミック
💡言語学習のハイブリッドアプローチ
Highlights
East Asian workers in Jordan learned Arabic through work and immersion without formal language education.
Immersion can lead to fluency in Arabic for foreigners married to locals and also enable their children to become trilingual.
Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar suggests humans have an innate understanding of language principles.
The distinction between language acquisition as subconscious and learning as conscious and structured.
Stephen Krashen posits that acquisition is more powerful than learning due to its subconscious nature.
Children develop language rapidly through mimicking and direct exposure, exceeding academic learners' word count.
Grammar should not be the initial focus; vocabulary and listening immersion are recommended for beginners.
Waiting until fluency to study grammar or browsing grammar briefly can be beneficial.
The Affective Filter Hypothesis shows emotional factors significantly impact language acquisition.
Passion for a language's culture can boost motivation and acquisition, as experienced with Persian.
Intermediate learners should move beyond textbooks to engage with enjoyable content in the target language.
Lingopie platform allows for engaging language learning through TV shows and movies in the target language.
Dr. Krashen's Input Hypothesis states acquisition occurs through comprehensible input just above current understanding.
Language instruction should aim to transmit meaningful messages rather than explicit teaching.
Creating sentences with new words that relate to personal experiences can enhance learning.
A hybrid method combining learning and acquisition can be the most effective for language learning.
Immersion should be balanced and not too overwhelming, especially for those not in ideal circumstances.
Using a dictionary, speaking to oneself, and avoiding simultaneous language learning can aid in acquisition.
Investing in good headphones is important for extensive listening practice in language learning.
Success in language acquisition through immersion depends on personal effort and dedication, without a set timeline.
A combination of different methods and strategies should be explored for effective language learning.
Transcripts
Let me tell you a story During the time I spent in Jordan
I met many East Asian workers who spoke Arabic very well
My friend then told me
"You know, they've never really studied in a language school or used books
They just learned it from work, and immersion."
This gave me mixed feelings of frustration and fascination
and of course a touch of jealousy too!
Moreover, she told me about many times
she encountered foreigners who are married to locals
They can speak fluent Arabic through immersion
and not only that, they also pass their mother tongue to their children
These children end up being trilingual
As a polyglot, I can't help but wonder
what makes immersion different from academic education
and how I could apply immersion outside the target country
You might also be wondering
can we really learn a language without studying it?
In today's video, we will be exploring
the "myth" of learning a language without studying!
I'll be sharing with you all the methods and advice
that I've gathered over the years from research
as well as from my own experiences and those of my polyglot friends
which might help you change your language learning game
According to linguist Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar
humans are born with an innate understanding
of the fundamental principles that underpin language
This capacity for language, believed to be hardwired
into our brains, which forms the foundation for language acquisition
In other words
we already possess the tools needed to learn a language from day one
First, we need to clarify the difference between acquisition and learning
Learning refers to the conscious and intentional process
of acquiring knowledge through structured study
While acquisition is the natural and subconscious processes
of acquiring knowledge through exposure and immersive input
Acquisition means picking up a language
Subconsciously absorbing the language, having a feel for it
Learning means what we did in school
Knowing the rules
Acquisition is an intuitive process
According to linguist Stephen Krashen
acquisition is much more powerful than learning
Isn't it fascinating how quickly children develop linguistically?
They begin learning a language, a complex task for us adults
even before mastering basic abilities like drawing a line!
If you think about it, despite the fact that their brains are still developing
children can learn rapidly through mimicking
They exceed the daily word count of adults studying in academic settings
because of their direct exposure to language. But is it really that simple?
Studies show that children start listening to sounds even from the womb
From the day they're born, they begin recognizing sound patterns
This explains the adorable "goo goo gaga" babbling
their first attempt at mimicking sounds
So, by the time children pronounce their first words at around one-year-old
They've already spent a year immersed in listening
repeating adults and learning patterns, all without the need for grammar!
Many people worry about grammar when studying a language
However, according to acquisition theory and the success stories
of people who have used this method
We all agree on not focusing directly on grammar, at least not in the beginning
Instead, it's recommended to expand your vocabulary
and immerse yourself in listening
Given our brain's capacity and our innate ability to acquire languages
We'll start to automatically notice the repetitive patterns
in sentence structure and grammar
So, when starting to learn a language
I suggest focusing on listening and mimicking, rather than grammar
I suggest two things
Number one, wait until you speak the language fluently
Or semi fluently, then study the grammar
That’s the way children do it
or just brows grammar
Maybe one minute a day, maybe two minutes a day
Just look at it and that’s it
Another inspiring theory is the Affective Filter Hypothesis, proposed by Krashen
It suggests that emotional factors such as anxiety, motivation,
and self-confidence can significantly impact language acquisition
If you're driven by passion in studying a language
you will enjoy immersing yourself in it
Consider this: it's challenging to immerse yourself in a language
that you don't like or see no clear purpose in studying
We're simply not wired to engage in tasks we don't find enjoyable
Immersion works best when you're studying a language you love
enjoying its content as if it were a form of entertainment
This was exactly my experience when learning Persian
I was passionate about the culture and literature
and even though I initially couldn't comprehend complex content in Persian
I watched a lot of movies and documentaries
and read books about Iran, Afghanistan and other Persian-speaking regions
These activities boosted my motivation and passion
The more I progressed in Persian, the more I used this language
to consume the content I truly enjoy
and finally, travel to Iran and exchange with people!
That's why I always recommend learners at an intermediate level
to move beyond textbooks
which can often be boring and full of topics and words
that won't be useful in your daily life
For example, suppose you are learning Spanish and you love football
Watching Spanish football matches and listening to Spanish sports commentary
can significantly help you acquire the language while also providing fun
These are instances where the Affective Filter Hypothesis comes into play!
Another excellent immersion exercise is watching series and movies
in your target language
Here, I recommend a platform called Lingopie
which allows you to learn a language in an engaging and enjoyable manner
They have a vast catalog of TV shows and movies
including those linked to Netflix series
Just select your target language and start watching your favorite TV shows
When you encounter a new word, you can instantly click on it to see its meaning
Even better, it creates a memorable learning experience
Each time you encounter a new word, you understand it in context
aiding memorization and comprehension
This even applies to slang, which typically requires
a high level of language proficiency
and exposure to a foreign country to pick up
You can also save new words and review them later
with interactive games and flashcards
It’s one of the best ways to immerse yourself in a language
If you're interested in Lingopie
please click the link in the description box to get a 55% off discount!
According to Dr. Krashen's Input Hypothesis
language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to comprehensible input
that is just a bit above their current level of understanding
We acquire a language in one way
And only way
When we understand messages
We call this comprehensible input
This means that simply immersing yourself in the language
through random exercises isn't sufficient
True language acquisition relies heavily on meaningful
enjoyable, and comprehensible input
But what does comprehensible input really mean?
Dr. Krashen defined it as language instruction is most effective
when it's used to transmit meaningful and relatable messages
not when explicitly taught for the purpose of learning
Therefore, the information provided should be within grasp
and relevant to the learner
For example, traditional textbooks often offer synthetic scenarios and sentences like
"I enjoy going for walks" or
"The weather is sunny today."
However, the problem with this approach is that it's out of context
and doesn't relate to your own experiences
Linguists, including Chomsky and Krashen
argue that language should be experienced
in real-life contexts rather than in isolation
I consistently recommend against the simple memorization of words
Instead, I suggest "using the words" to construct sentences that relate to your life
For instance, if you're not fond of walking, instead of parroting the textbook sentence
adapt it to fit your reality
I don’t like to go for walks
Similarly, when studying phrases about the weather
make them relevant to your current situation
If it's rainy, say “The weather is not sunny today, it's rainy.”
The goal is to practice with language elements
that resonate with your lifestyle and interests
This makes the learning experience more relatable and enjoyable
hence more effective
As adults, we may not always have the time to completely immerse ourselves
the money to travel to the target language's country
or the luck to be surrounded by natives
So, the question is, how can we find a balance
and create an optimal environment
where we can utilize the benefits of both learning and acquisition?
This is where I find the hybrid method to be the best approach
I believe that language learning occurs on both conscious and unconscious levels
and each time we perform a specific exercise, we target a specific skill
The surrounding information is input through our senses
and the most important senses to acquire a language are sight and hearing
The way we input this information is very important
so please take into account these matters:
Immersion level
While most resources about immersion will tell you to jump in head first into
the language, I personally disagree to some extent
I always believe in balance and resiliency
When I read about acquisition and
while I believe that the theories are quite right
just from looking at the many cases
where people acquire a language without studying
I still find it difficult to rely solely on this approach
for my own language learning journey
Acquisition is, after all, an unconscious discipline
Children learn with a blank slate, without any interruptions
in an extremely immersive environment
A foreigner who travels to another country
would have to automatically dive into the language
especially if they don’t have a bridging language
between their mother tongue and the host country's language
However, we often find ourselves in less than 'ideal' circumstances
So, we have to actively study the language at some point
and combine those immersive methods
Keep a handy dictionary
Looking up words on a case-by-case basis will help you memorize these
words better and understand them in context
Personally, I believe it’s better than memorizing random lists of words
Speaking to yourself
There have been many successful cases
of people who have immersed themselves in the language
but have never actually spoken with natives Yet, they reached a very good level of speaking
only through mimicking sounds
creating imaginary scenarios
doing shadowing exercises
and repeating what they hear
You will be your own best friend in this process
and should keep practicing by yourself
until you have an opportunity to travel or speak with natives
You will be surprised by how quickly you will improve
If you are planning to fully immerse yourself in a language
I don’t recommend combining two languages at the same time
As part of immersion involves putting yourself in a language bubble and
creating a simulated environment, it requires a lot of time and energy
It is best done with one language only
Finally, invest in a good pair of headphones
as you will be doing a lot of listening
Make sure the sound quality is good
and that they are comfortable for long-term wear
Conclusion
While I do believe that anyone can learn a language through acquisition
there are some things we should consider:
The success rate depends on how much
you're willing to immerse yourself in the language
There's no definitive timeline; this process could take one year or ten years
It all depends on the amount of effort and dedication you put into it
If you plan to take an official language test in the future
you may need to attend some academic classes
to address specific areas of weakness
I don't believe that there's a one-size-fits-all approach to language learning
That's why we should always explore different methods and theories
acquire applicable knowledge, and create the best strategies that work for us
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See you in the next one, bye!
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