Terminologi ilmu kependudukan

Summary

This script offers an in-depth explanation of population science, covering key concepts like demography, population growth, and the factors influencing it. It delves into demographic components such as birth rates, mortality, migration, and social mobility. The script also explores theories of population development, like those proposed by Adam Smith and neoclassical thinkers, as well as the demographic transition model. Additionally, it touches on the classification of populations based on various criteria and the historical laws governing population divisions in Indonesia. This comprehensive overview highlights the relationship between population dynamics and economic growth.

Takeaways

• 😀 Demography is the study of human population dynamics, including its size, structure, and distribution, as well as how it changes over time due to birth rates, death rates, migration, and aging.
• 😀 The term 'demography' comes from Greek, with 'demos' meaning people and 'grapho' meaning to write, referring to written studies about populations.
• 😀 Key components of population dynamics include fertility (birth rate), mortality (death rate), migration, and social mobility.
• 😀 Population growth is influenced by natural factors like births and deaths, as well as migration, which can impact the overall size and structure of a population.
• 😀 Adam Smith’s 18th-century theory suggests that population growth is not the primary factor affecting societal well-being, but rather land and economic growth.
• 😀 The New Classic Theory proposes that high population growth eventually leads to economic stagnation, as wages drop and society reaches a stationary state.
• 😀 The Demographic Transition Model explains how populations move from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates in four stages: high rates, decreasing death rates, declining birth rates, and stability.
• 😀 Stage 1 of the demographic transition has high birth and death rates with low economic development, while Stage 2 sees death rates drop due to improved living conditions.
• 😀 By Stage 3, birth rates also decline due to improved economies and lifestyle changes, leading to slower population growth.
• 😀 Stage 4 represents a stable or slowly growing population with low birth and death rates, typical of more developed economies.
• 😀 Population data is gathered through methods such as censuses, surveys, and civil registries, which help in analyzing and understanding demographic trends and planning for socio-economic needs.

Q & A

What is the definition of demography?

Demography is the study of human population dynamics, including its size, structure, and distribution. It examines how population numbers change due to births, deaths, migration, and aging.

What are the five key components of demography?

The five key components of demography are birth rates, death rates, marriage rates, migration, and social mobility.

What is the origin of the term 'demography'?

The term 'demography' comes from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'graphien' meaning to write. It refers to the study of people or populations.

What is the difference between natural and migration-related population growth?

Natural population growth occurs due to births and deaths, while migration-related population growth occurs due to the movement of people from one place to another, which can either increase or decrease the population.

How does fertility impact population growth?

Fertility, or birth rates, directly increases the population of a region as more children are born, contributing to the overall growth.

How does mortality affect population size?

Mortality, or death rates, reduces population size as individuals pass away, leading to a decrease in the total population.

What is migration in demographic terms?

Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, often for the purpose of settling permanently in a new location. It can occur within a country or across borders.

What are the two primary theories of population growth mentioned in the script?

The two primary theories mentioned are Adam Smith's theory, which focuses on the balance between population growth and economic growth, and the new classical theory, which predicts that economies will reach a stationary state due to high population and limited productivity.

What is demographic transition and how is it illustrated?

Demographic transition refers to the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically and socially. This transition is illustrated in four stages, from high mortality and fertility to stability.

What are some of the factors that influence the rate of population growth?

Factors that influence population growth include birth rates, death rates, migration, infant mortality rates, and maternal mortality rates.

What sources are used to collect demographic data in Indonesia?

Demographic data in Indonesia is collected through censuses, surveys like AESOP in 1985 and 1995, and civil registrations, such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and identity cards.

What is the composition of population in demographic studies?

Population composition refers to the classification of a population based on specific criteria, such as age, sex, labor force participation, and dependency ratios.

What historical legal classifications were applied to the population of Indonesia during the Dutch colonial period?

During the Dutch colonial period, the Indonesian population was classified into three groups: Europeans, Foreign Easterners (including Chinese, Arabs, and Indians), and Bumiputera (Indigenous Indonesians). These groups were subject to different legal systems.