BAB 4 PEMBANGUNAN PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA | IPS KELAS 8 | KURIKUKUM MERDEKA

Summary

This video explains the economic development of Indonesia through different historical phases: post-independence, the New Order, and the Reform Era. It covers key economic issues such as hyperinflation, the impact of foreign economic intervention, and national strategies like currency reforms, state-controlled development, and investment policies. The video highlights various government measures taken to stabilize and improve the economy, including the implementation of national plans, debt restructuring, and policies to address crises like the 1997 financial collapse. It concludes with an overview of Indonesia's growth under different presidencies, including positive changes during the Reform Era.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia faced significant economic challenges in the early post-independence period, including hyperinflation and economic blockade by Dutch forces.
• 😀 The Indonesian government implemented measures such as issuing new currency (ORI and ORIDA) and forming Bank Negara Indonesia to stabilize the economy.
• 😀 The Liberal Democracy era saw short-term issues like rising money circulation and living costs, and long-term problems such as population growth and low quality of life.
• 😀 The 'Gunting Sfruddin' policy involved cutting the value of the Rupiah to reduce the circulating money supply, helping to control inflation.
• 😀 The Benteng Program aimed to assist entrepreneurs with capital and business guidance, particularly in the face of economic hardship.
• 😀 Nationalization efforts, including the takeover of foreign banks like Javas Bank, were part of the government’s strategy to control the economy.
• 😀 The Guided Democracy period saw the formation of Deppernas and Bapenas for long-term economic planning, and a move towards state-controlled economic management.
• 😀 A significant currency devaluation under the Perpu No. 2/1959 aimed to address inflation and improve the economy.
• 😀 The New Order regime introduced long-term development plans under the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' framework, focusing on equity, economic growth, and national stability.
• 😀 The 1997 Asian financial crisis severely impacted Indonesia’s economy, leading to widespread poverty and unrest, which contributed to the reform movement that ousted President Suharto.

Q & A

What was one of the main economic problems faced by Indonesia at the time of its independence?

One of the main economic problems Indonesia faced at the time of its independence was hyperinflation, caused by the uncontrolled circulation of Japanese currency.

How did the Indonesian government address the economic challenges after independence?

The Indonesian government addressed the economic challenges by issuing new currency, establishing Bank Negara Indonesia, and sending aid to India to help with its famine.

What was the Gunther Sfruddin policy and what was its purpose?

The Gunther Sfruddin policy involved cutting the value of the Rupiah by half to reduce the money supply and balance it with the available goods.

What was the purpose of the Benteng program during the liberal democracy era?

The Benteng program aimed to support entrepreneurs by providing capital assistance and business guidance, particularly for those lacking financial resources.

What were the key features of Indonesia's economic system during the guided democracy period?

During the guided democracy period, Indonesia's economy was characterized by statism, where the state controlled all economic activities, with policies such as the establishment of Deppernas and Bapenas for national economic planning.

How did Indonesia handle inflation during the guided democracy era?

To combat inflation, the government implemented policies like the devaluation of the currency through Perpu No. 2/1959 and the issuance of 14 economic regulations in 1963.

What were the major objectives of the New Order government’s economic policies?

The New Order government focused on achieving equitable development, high economic growth, and maintaining national stability, particularly through programs like the Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (Long-Term Development Plan).

What were some of the positive outcomes of the New Order’s economic policies?

The positive outcomes included reducing hyperinflation, attracting foreign investments, achieving high economic growth, and improving the agriculture and industry sectors, particularly rice production.

What was the impact of the 1997 financial crisis on Indonesia's economy?

The 1997 financial crisis caused a severe economic downturn, with a 13.2% negative growth, a collapse in the stock market, and a sharp devaluation of the Rupiah, contributing to widespread unrest.

How did President Joko Widodo’s government contribute to Indonesia’s economic recovery?

Under President Joko Widodo, Indonesia’s economy showed cumulative growth of 3.69% in 2021, and his government worked to stabilize the macroeconomy and foster further economic recovery.