Sejarah Kerajaan Kahuripan, Awal Berdiri, Masa Kejayaan Sampai Runtuhnya Kahuripan

Summary

The Kingdom of Kahuripan, founded by King Airlangga in the 11th century in East Java, rose from the remnants of the Medang Kingdom. Known for its infrastructure, cultural developments, and military successes, it flourished under Airlangga’s rule, despite challenges from rival kingdoms. In 1042, following internal strife, Airlangga divided his kingdom between his sons, giving rise to the Kingdoms of Kediri and Janggala. Kahuripan’s influence continued through the Majapahit Empire, cementing its legacy in Indonesian history. This brief yet impactful period in history highlights the importance of leadership, cultural contributions, and the enduring power of legacy.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kahuripan was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in East Java, Indonesia, with its capital near Mount Penanggungan, around Sidoarjo.
• 😀 The kingdom of Kahuripan emerged after the fall of the Medang Kingdom (Mataram Kuno) in the 10th century, and was the precursor to the Kediri and Majapahit kingdoms.
• 😀 The transition from Mataram Kuno to East Java was initiated by King Mpu Sindok in 929 CE due to power struggles and volcanic eruptions like the eruption of Mount Merapi.
• 😀 Kahuripan was founded by King Airlangga in the 11th century, specifically in 1019 CE, and he was the sole ruler of the kingdom.
• 😀 At its establishment, Kahuripan's territory included areas such as Sidoarjo, Pasuruan, and parts of Mojokerto.
• 😀 King Airlangga played a significant role in expanding the kingdom and enhancing infrastructure, including the development of dams, ports, and roads.
• 😀 In 1025 CE, the decline of the Srivijaya Kingdom allowed Airlangga to extend his influence and conquer neighboring kingdoms.
• 😀 Airlangga faced challenges, including losing the city of Watan Mas in 1032 CE after being attacked by a powerful queen, Dyah Tulodong of the Lodoyo Kingdom (modern-day Tulungagung).
• 😀 In 1037 CE, King Airlangga established a new capital in Kahuripan and began the kingdom’s lasting development. He was also known for his patronage of literature and the arts.
• 😀 After Airlangga’s death in 1042 CE, he divided the kingdom between his two sons, leading to the formation of the Kediri and Janggala (Kahuripan) kingdoms, marking the end of the Kahuripan era.

Q & A

What was the significance of the Kingdom of Kahuripan in Indonesian history?

The Kingdom of Kahuripan was a key precursor to the Kingdom of Kediri and Majapahit, both of which were influential in shaping Indonesian history. Kahuripan marked the transition from Mataram Kuno to the rise of Javanese power in East Java.

Who founded the Kingdom of Kahuripan, and when was it established?

The Kingdom of Kahuripan was founded by King Airlangga in 1019 CE, during the 11th century.

What was the capital of the Kingdom of Kahuripan?

The capital of the Kingdom of Kahuripan was located near the Penanggungan Mountain valley, which is present-day Sidoarjo.

What events led to the shift of the Mataram Kingdom from Central Java to East Java?

The shift was prompted by several factors, including frequent power struggles, the eruption of Mount Merapi, and threats from the Sriwijaya Kingdom.

What role did Airlangga play in the development of the Kingdom of Kahuripan?

Airlangga was not only the founder of the kingdom but also its sole ruler. He oversaw the development of infrastructure such as dams, ports, and roads, and promoted cultural advancements including literature and arts.

What was the impact of the weakening of the Srivijaya Kingdom on Airlangga's reign?

The decline of Srivijaya in 1025 allowed Airlangga to expand his influence and strengthen the Kingdom of Kahuripan by conquering surrounding territories.

Who was Dyah Tulodong, and how did she affect the Kingdom of Kahuripan?

Dyah Tulodong was the powerful queen of the Kingdom of Lodoyo (modern-day Tulungagung). She initially defeated Airlangga in 1032, causing the loss of the city of Watan Mas before being later defeated by Airlangga.

What was the significance of Airlangga's division of the kingdom in 1042?

In 1042, Airlangga divided the Kingdom of Kahuripan into two parts: the western part, which became the Kingdom of Kediri, and the eastern part, which became the Kingdom of Janggala. This division marked the end of Kahuripan as a unified kingdom.

How did the Majapahit Kingdom relate to the Kingdom of Kahuripan?

When the Majapahit Kingdom rose in 1293, it recognized both the Kingdom of Kediri and Janggala (Kahuripan) as subordinate kingdoms, thus maintaining the legacy of Kahuripan.

Who were the notable figures associated with the leadership of Kahuripan after Airlangga?

Notable figures include Tribuana Tunggadewi, the first Batara Ikahuripan, and Gajah Mada, who served as the Patih (prime minister) of Kahuripan after 1319 and helped suppress internal rebellions.