Bagaimana Uang Diciptakan?

Summary

This video explains the process of money creation in Indonesia, covering three main forms: physical currency (kartal), digital currency (giral), and quasi-money. It starts by discussing how the central bank, Bank Indonesia, controls the circulation of money and the difference between these forms. The script explores how commercial banks create digital money through loans and how quasi-money, like securities and investments, also contributes to the money supply. The video emphasizes the role of both central and commercial banks in regulating the economy, highlighting how money is distributed and the importance of balancing money supply to avoid inflation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Money creation in Indonesia is primarily managed by the central bank (Bank Indonesia) and commercial banks.
• 😀 There are three main forms of money in circulation: *kartal* (physical currency), *giral* (digital money), and *kuasi* (quasi-money).
• 😀 *Kartal* money consists of physical coins and bills, while *giral* money exists digitally in bank accounts as balances.
• 😀 *Kuasi* money refers to financial instruments like bonds, shares, and other products that have monetary value but are not directly issued by the central bank or commercial banks.
• 😀 In Indonesia, the total money circulating in the economy includes a much larger portion of *giral* and *kuasi* money than physical *kartal* money.
• 😀 The central bank, Bank Indonesia, is responsible for setting policies on the amount of money in circulation and ensuring financial stability.
• 😀 Commercial banks, like BCA, BRI, and Mandiri, create *giral* money by providing loans, which essentially increase the money supply.
• 😀 Banks create *giral* money through fractional reserve banking, meaning they only need to keep a fraction of deposits as reserves while the rest can be lent out.
• 😀 The creation of *giral* money is tightly regulated by Bank Indonesia to avoid inflation and ensure economic stability.
• 😀 In exceptional cases, the central bank may use quantitative easing (QE), where it buys financial assets like government bonds to inject new money into the economy.

Q & A

What are the three types of money mentioned in the video?

The three types of money mentioned are cash money (Uang Kartal), bank money (Uang Giral), and quasi-money (Uang Kuasi).

How does Bank Indonesia influence the money supply in the country?

Bank Indonesia, as the central bank, controls the money supply through policies and regulations, such as determining ratios and requirements for commercial banks to create money. It also uses mechanisms like quantitative easing (QE) in special circumstances.

What is the difference between Uang Kartal, Uang Giral, and Uang Kuasi?

Uang Kartal refers to physical money (coins and banknotes), Uang Giral is digital money stored as balances in bank accounts, and Uang Kuasi includes assets like bonds and shares, or credit given by non-bank institutions.

Which type of money makes up the largest portion of the money supply in Indonesia?

Uang Giral (digital money) makes up the largest portion of the money supply in Indonesia, far exceeding physical money (Uang Kartal).

How is Uang Kartal distributed to the public?

Uang Kartal is produced by Perum Peruri and distributed by Bank Indonesia to commercial banks. These banks then further distribute it to the public through ATMs, branches, and other cash transactions, primarily as loans or business capital.

What role do commercial banks play in the creation of Uang Giral?

Commercial banks create Uang Giral by providing loans to businesses or individuals. When a bank gives a loan, the amount is added to the borrower's bank account as digital money, which can then circulate in the economy.

What does fractional reserve banking mean in the context of money creation?

Fractional reserve banking means that commercial banks only need to hold a fraction of their depositors' funds in reserve, allowing them to lend out the majority of the funds. This lending process effectively creates new money in the form of Uang Giral.

What is the primary function of Bank Indonesia in regulating Uang Giral creation?

Bank Indonesia sets regulations and ratios for commercial banks, such as the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Reserve Requirement Ratio, to ensure the creation of Uang Giral is controlled and does not lead to excessive inflation.

Can commercial banks create money freely, or are there regulations?

Commercial banks cannot create money freely; they must adhere to strict regulations set by Bank Indonesia, including maintaining certain reserve ratios and credit quality standards.

What is Uang Kuasi and how is it created?

Uang Kuasi refers to assets like bonds, stocks, and financial products that have value in the economy. Commercial banks can create Uang Kuasi by investing in these assets and using the profits or funds to create new money, often through loans or financial products.