KESEIMBANGAN EKONOMI 3 SEKTOR - CONTOH PERHITUNGAN KESEIMBANGAN 3 SEKTOR

Summary

This economics lesson explains the concept of equilibrium in a three-sector economy, consisting of households (consumers), firms (investors), and the government. The lecture outlines key functions such as consumption, investment, and government spending, using mathematical equations to determine equilibrium. It covers the assumptions behind consumption and investment functions, as well as government tax and spending. Through an example, the equilibrium national income is calculated as 3500, with consumption at 1800 and a government budget deficit of 300. The lesson provides a clear understanding of how to calculate economic equilibrium and its implications for government budgets.

Takeaways

• 😀 A three-sector economy consists of households (consumers), firms (producers), and the government.
• 😀 Economic equilibrium is achieved when national income equals total expenditure (aggregate demand) from all three sectors.
• 😀 Household consumption is represented by the function: C = 100 + 0.5Y, where Y is disposable income.
• 😀 Business investment is assumed to be autonomous, meaning it is a fixed value regardless of national income.
• 😀 Government spending is autonomous and also assumed to be a fixed amount.
• 😀 Taxes are set at 20% of national income, represented by the function T = 0.2Y.
• 😀 Economic equilibrium occurs when national income (Y) equals the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), and government spending (G).
• 😀 At equilibrium, the national income is calculated by solving the aggregate demand equation, leading to a value of 3500.
• 😀 At equilibrium, consumption is calculated to be 1850 when national income is 3500.
• 😀 The government faces a budget deficit at equilibrium, as government spending (1000) exceeds tax revenue (700), resulting in a deficit of 300.
• 😀 The lesson emphasizes the use of mathematical functions to model economic interactions and find equilibrium in a simple three-sector economy.

Q & A

What are the three main economic sectors in a three-sector economy?

The three main economic sectors in a three-sector economy are households (consumers), firms (businesses), and the government.

How is consumption represented in macroeconomics for a household?

Consumption is represented as a function of autonomous consumption plus the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) multiplied by disposable income.

What does the investment function in a three-sector economy represent?

The investment function represents autonomous investment by firms in the economy, which is an independent expenditure by businesses.

How is government spending modeled in a three-sector economy?

Government spending is considered autonomous and represented as government expenditure in the economic model.

What role do taxes play in determining national income in a three-sector economy?

Taxes are assumed to be proportional to national income, with the government's revenue coming from a set percentage of national income.

What is the equilibrium condition in a three-sector economy?

The equilibrium occurs when national income equals aggregate expenditure, which includes consumption, investment, and government spending.

How is the national income determined in a three-sector economy?

National income is determined by equating the total national income with the sum of the consumption, investment, and government expenditure.

How do you calculate the consumption function at equilibrium?

At equilibrium, the consumption function is calculated by substituting the value of national income into the consumption equation, which involves the marginal propensity to consume and disposable income.

What happens when the government's tax revenue is less than government spending?

When tax revenue is less than government spending, the government faces a budget deficit, which requires addressing through measures such as borrowing or reducing expenditure.

What was the result of the equilibrium calculation in the example provided?

In the example, the equilibrium national income was calculated as 3500, with consumption at 1500 and a budget deficit of 300, meaning government spending exceeded tax revenue.