The 110 techniques of communication and public speaking | David JP Phillips | TEDxZagreb

Summary

En este emocionante discurso, el orador comparte los resultados de su análisis de 5,000 oradores públicos para identificar 110 habilidades clave para la excelencia en el arte de hablar en público. Destaca cinco habilidades fundamentales y ofrece cuatro adicionales, enfocándose en lenguaje corporal, voz y pausas para mejorar la comunicación y la credibilidad. Inspira a todos a mejorar sus habilidades de presentación y a convertirse en oradores excepcionales.

Takeaways

• 🎯 La pasión por la comunicación es fundamental para mejorar como orador.
• 🌟 Se identificaron 110 habilidades clave para ser un orador杰出, pero se enfoca en las más destacadas.
• 🗣️ La comunicación efectiva requiere de habilidades no solo de lenguaje corporal sino también de voz y pausa.
• 🧍‍♂️ Mantener una postura abierta y evitar cerrar el cuerpo indica seguridad y confianza.
• 🤲 El uso funcional de los gestos puede reforzar el mensaje verbal y ayudar a transmitir emociones.
• 👀 La velocidad de habla afecta la percepción del mensaje; hablar más despacio puede dar la impresión de importancia.
• 🤔 Las pausas en la presentación son esenciales para enfatizar puntos clave y mantener la atención del público.
• 😁 El 'Duquesne smile', que implica sonreír con la boca y los ojos, puede aumentar la felicidad y la credibilidad.
• 👔 Las manos deben usarse para gesticular de manera funcional y no estar en los bolsillos o cruzadas, lo que puede restar credibilidad.
• 💡 Aprender y practicar habilidades de presentación puede transformar la forma en que se comunican y se percibe por otros.
• 🥊 Combinaciones de habilidades, como la postura, el ritmo y las pausas, pueden ser tan efectivas como los combos en el boxeo para impactar a un público.

Q & A

¿Cuál fue el objetivo del orador al analizar a 5,000 oradores públicos?

El objetivo era destilar y comprender qué hace que un orador sea bueno, qué hace que un gran orador sea excelente y qué hace que un orador excepcional sea sobresaliente.

¿Cuál fue el resultado de su análisis de oradores públicos?

El resultado fue la identificación de 110 habilidades centrales con un montón de subhabilidades.

¿Por qué el orador dice que 110 habilidades es demasiado para discutir en una sola charla TED?

Porque 110 habilidades es una cantidad considerable que requiere mucho tiempo para abordar en detalle y la charla TED tiene una duración limitada.

¿Cuál es la importancia de la posición del cuerpo según el orador?

La posición del cuerpo es crucial porque, cuando una persona cierra su lenguaje corporal, puede ser una señal de que se siente amenazada o no segura.

¿Qué sugiere el orador para mejorar la comunicación no verbal?

El orador sugiere mantener una lenguaje corporal abierto y utilizar gestos funcionales para ilustrar conceptos y aumentar la empatía y la confianza.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un gesto incorrecto y un gesto correcto según el ejemplo del orador?

La diferencia radica en cómo se sienta el orador y cómo es percibido por el público. Un gesto correcto debe ser natural y ayudar a transmitir el mensaje de manera efectiva.

¿Qué es 'gestos funcionales' según el orador?

Los 'gestos funcionales' son movimientos intencionales de las manos que se utilizan para mostrar mejoras, disminuciones o enumerar elementos, y deben usarse para comunicar de manera efectiva.

¿Cuál es la importancia de la pausa en una presentación según el orador?

La pausa es crucial porque permite que el mensaje se absorba y se entienda mejor por el público, y también puede aumentar la anticipación.

¿Por qué el orador menciona que algunas personas tienen miedo de la pausa?

Algunas personas temen la pausa porque creen que dejan un vacío o que el público se aburrirá, pero en realidad, la pausa puede aumentar la credibilidad y la ética del orador.

¿Cuáles son las cinco habilidades principales que el orador enseña para mejorar las presentaciones?

Las cinco habilidades principales son: mantener una lenguaje corporal abierto, utilizar gestos funcionales, mantener un ritmo calmado, hacer pausas y sonreír de manera auténtica (sonrisa Duchenne).

¿Qué es una sonrisa Duchenne y por qué es importante?

Una sonrisa Duchenne es una sonrisa que involucra tanto la boca como los ojos, y es importante porque研究表明，拥有这种笑容的人更有可能结婚，不太可能离婚，更快乐，对生活更满意，并且在这种情况下更放松。

Outlines

00:00

🗣️ Análisis de habilidades de oratoria

El orador comienza hablando de su pasión por el análisis de oradores públicos, iniciando un viaje siete años atrás para estudiar a 5,000 oradores de todo el mundo. Descubre 110 habilidades principales y subhabilidades que definen a un buen orador. Aunque reconoce que 110 habilidades son muchas para abarcar en una sola charla TED, elige compartir las cinco habilidades más importantes que enseña a sus alumnos. A continuación, presenta una demostración de cómo se pueden aplicar estas habilidades al orar, comparando dos enfoques: uno mediocre y otro que muestra dominio y conocimiento de técnicas de comunicación efectivas.

05:01

🤔 Importancia del lenguaje corporal

El orador enfatiza la importancia del lenguaje corporal en la comunicación, mencionando que cerrar el cuerpo puede indicar sentimientos de amenaza. Explica que mantener una postura abierta y gestos funcionales puede mejorar la comunicación no verbal. Presenta una serie de posiciones corporales comunes y sugiere que se deben evitar ciertas posturas, como el puño de gallina o el doble conejo, a favor de gestos que reflejen el mensaje verbal. Además, subraya la importancia de la sincronía entre el lenguaje corporal y verbal para evitar distorsiones en la comunicación.

10:03

🎤 Consejos para la voz y el ritmo

En este segmento, el orador ofrece consejos sobre el uso de la voz en el discurso público. Aborda la importancia del ritmo, argumentando que un ritmo lento puede hacer que el contenido parezca más importante, mientras que un ritmo rápido puede indicar que el orador no está comprometido con su mensaje. También aborda la pausa, una herramienta poderosa que puede aumentar la anticipación y la atención del público. El orador desafía la noción de que las pausas pueden hacer que un orador parezca incómodo o no preparado, demostrando cómo una pausa bien colocada puede ser más efectiva que un discurso lleno de 'ums' y 'ahs'.

15:06

😄 El poder de la sonrisa Duchenne

El orador concluye su charla con una demostración de cómo pequeñas habilidades, como el uso de la sonrisa Duchenne (una sonrisa que involucra tanto la boca como los ojos), pueden tener un gran impacto en la percepción del público. Explica los beneficios psicológicos de sonreír de esta manera y comparte su propia experiencia al aprender esta habilidad. Además, presenta una combinación de habilidades de oratoria que puede ser utilizada para mejorar el impacto del discurso, terminando su charla con un mensaje inspirador sobre la posibilidad de que cualquiera pueda mejorar sus habilidades de oratoria y ser un orador destacado.

Keywords

💡habla pública

La 'habla pública' es el acto de dirigirse a un grupo de personas, generalmente con el objetivo de informar, persuadir o entretener. En el vídeo, el orador explora cómo mejorar estas habilidades, destacando la importancia de la comunicación efectiva y cómo las técnicas de presentación pueden transformar a cualquier persona en un orador excepcional.

💡comunicador

Un 'comunicador' es alguien que transmite información de manera efectiva. En el guion, se menciona que hay una opción entre ser un comunicador mediocre o uno que domina habilidades específicas para mejorar su capacidad de persuasión y conexión con el público.

💡empatía

La 'empatía' es la capacidad de comprender y compartir las emociones de los demás. En el vídeo, se sugiere que al inclinar la cabeza ligeramente, el orador puede aumentar la empatía, lo que indica la importancia de conectar emocionalmente con el público.

💡confianza

La 'confianza' es la sensación de seguridad y fiabilidad. El guion menciona que cambiar la posición del cuerpo para estar más cerca del público puede aumentar la confianza, lo que demuestra cómo el lenguaje corporal influye en la percepción de confianza.

💡anticiación

La 'anticiación' se refiere a la emoción o el interés que se genera al esperar algo. En el vídeo, se explica que reducir el volumen de la voz puede crear anticipación, lo que es una técnica para mantener la atención del público.

💡atención

La 'atención' es el estado de concentración mental en algo. El vídeo destaca que hacer una pausa可以获得'atención' absoluta y undividida, lo que subraya la importancia de la pausa en la presentación para enfocarse y mantener la atención del público.

💡lenguaje corporal

El 'lenguaje corporal' son los movimientos y expresiones faciales que comunican emociones y pensamientos. En el guion, se aborda cómo mantener un lenguaje corporal abierto y cómo usar gestos funcionales para reforzar el mensaje verbal.

💡pace

El 'pace' se refiere a la velocidad a la que se presenta la información. En el vídeo, se sugiere que un ritmo lento puede dar la impresión de que lo que se dice es importante, mientras que un ritmo rápido puede indicar que el orador no está comprometido con su mensaje.

💡pausa

Una 'pausa' es una interrupción breve en la presentación de la información. El vídeo enfatiza la importancia de las pausas para dejar que los puntos se absorban, y cómo pueden aumentar la credibilidad y la ética del orador.

💡gestos funcionales

Los 'gestos funcionales' son movimientos intencionales que acompañan y amplifican el mensaje verbal. En el guion, se menciona que usar los gestos para mostrar la progresión, la disminución o la enumeración de ideas puede ayudar a comunicar de manera más efectiva.

💡Duquesne smile

El 'Duquesne smile' es una sonrisa que involucra tanto la boca como los ojos, que se asocia con la felicidad y la autenticidad. En el vídeo, el orador comparte su experiencia de aprender a sonreír de esta manera y cómo ha mejorado su bienestar personal y su capacidad de conexión con el público.

Highlights

Embarked on a journey to analyze 5,000 public speakers to understand what makes them effective.

Identified 110 core skills that contribute to the effectiveness of a speaker.

The more of these skills a speaker fulfills, the greater they are.

Demonstrated how body language can make a speaker more persuasive.

Highlighted the importance of open body language to avoid appearing threatened.

Showcased the impact of head tilt on increasing empathy.

Explained how changing the pace of speech can affect focus.

Discussed the importance of lowering one's voice to create anticipation.

Emphasized the power of pauses to command undivided attention.

Argued that anyone can become a good speaker through acquiring skills.

Shared five most important skills for effective public speaking.

Discussed the significance of body language in communication.

Mentioned various locked body language positions observed globally.

Advocated for functional gesturing to enhance communication.

Illustrated the discrepancy between verbal and non-verbal communication.

Provided tips on voice, including the importance of pace.

Highlighted the significance of pauses in speech for emphasis.

Shared four bonus skills that can greatly impact a speech.

Explained the psychological benefits of the Duchenne smile.

Encouraged the audience to become greater public speakers by mastering these skills.

Ended with a combination of skills to demonstrate their impact.

Transcripts

alright ladies and gentlemen welcome to

to my passion and to my love and

according to my wife my mistress in life

seven years ago I embarked on a journey

to analyze 5,000 public speakers from

all over the world amateurs and

professionals in order to distill and

understand what makes a good speaker

good what makes a great speaker great

and what makes an outstanding speaker

outstanding the result 110 core skills

with loads of sub skills so what does it

look like it looks like this these are

the 110 core skills and the equation is

simple the more of them you fulfill the

greater you are now 110 skills that's

quite a tad too many to go through in

one TED talk don't you agree so what

I've done is I've picked out my absolute

favorites and I'd like to show you a

demonstration of what it can look like

imagine that this chair is something

that you want somebody else to believe

in you want somebody else to buy into

this this is your idea this is you

wanting to make your voice heard this

gives you two options either you're on

this side of the chair and you're a

fairly mediocre communicator you shoot

from the hip you hope for the best and

sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't

option number two is that you're on this

side of the chair and you know exactly

what you're doing in every instance of

time you know that by taking a step

forward you increase focus you know that

by tilting your head slightly to the

side you increase empathy you know that

by changing the pace of what you are

saying you increase focus

and you know that by shifting yourself

lower you increase trust and you know

that by lowering your voice

you get anticipation and you know for

absolute certain

you pause you get absolute and undivided

attention now the question then is can

everyone be on this side of the chair

can everyone become good at these skills

what do you think the answer is of

course it is why because it's cool

presentation skills skills skills skills

skills skills

it is not has never been I shall never

be called the talents you're not born

with a particular gene that makes you

brilliant on stage

something you acquire through life now

as I said 110 skills that's quite the

number so what I've chosen to do is I've

picked out the five would I say most

important skills whenever somebody comes

to me and they want coaching this is

what I focus on and then I'll actually

give you four bonus skills at the end as

well sounds okay so let's start with two

of my favorites from body language which

is skilled 34 and skill 69 that is not

intentional not 34 what am i doing what

could I be doing differently in this

case ladies and gentlemen it is an

absolute pleasure to have you here today

good of you to come what should I have

avoided

I should have avoided closing my body

language because whenever a human being

closest their body language it is a sign

that they feel threatened in one way or

another so I should have continued with

an open Lambada language so let's have a

look at number 69 which looks like this

I'll have to start up here so when a

presenter starts like this they go what

should I do better now ladies and

gentlemen welcome to one of the most

influential subjects known to mankind

now this will be super interesting we'll

be going through this you'll happy

having an amazing time

Wow it'll blow you away what should I

have avoided reversing look what a

double incorrect looks like it looks

like this ladies and gentlemen

absolutely pleasure to have you here and

good of you to come well a double

correct looks like this ladies and

gentlemen an absolute pleasure to have

you here

good of you to come is there a

difference of course there is the

biggest difference is in here I can feel

a difference while doing those two

versions you become what you are now

let's ask ourselves yeah but David the

clothes body language things what shall

I do with me hands what sure how where

shall I put them and the interesting

thing with the clothes body language is

that wherever I went all over the world

studying these people it seems like

we've got a general kind of locked body

language positions and I'll show you my

favorites that I've found we've

obviously got the classical fig leaf

position then we have the double bunny

position you have the right bunny

position the left bunny position their

right ha killed and the left tackle then

you have the forklift you of course have

the peacock with flapping elbows you

have the major the Merkel the prayer and

the beggar

one of my personal favorites is the the

British horse rider and the British

shores chloride er it look it's a person

who holds their hands like this puts it

just above the chest it's it's like

they're off somewhere Oh God Fox over

here and then we found two t-rexes as

well in the study such a weird thing

presenting like this or like this okay

so so you mean David that we need to

have an open body language yeah that's

what I mean and I'm not allowed to have

them in my pockets not allowed to have

them in my major or the double bunny

no shall I do with them then what you

should use them for is what is called

functional gesturing to show that

something is getting better well that

something is getting less good or that

it's one two three four five that we are

going to go through use your gestures

for what they're supposed to be used for

and what's interesting with this is that

if you imagine the time we've spent on

this planet as our race how much of that

time have we spent using gestures and

nonverbal communication in order to

communicate what we're saying is that

more than verbal absolutely give me let

me give you a demonstration of how

important this

I'll say something now and everything I

say will be super positive my facial

expressions will be super positive and

the way I say it will be super positive

but my hands will be saying the opposite

are you with me does this require some

focus all of you should learn more about

public speaking because if you do that

you will become better you will grow and

you will develop as a human being people

will love your presentations listening

to your arguments in just generally

loving whatever you're doing so do

yourself a great favor learn more about

this particular subject because you'll

be thanking yourself for the rest of

your life and particularly you have been

absolutely incredible so I thank you for

listening yeah

[Applause]

now the question is this did you listen

to what I was saying or what I was doing

I believe that you focused entirely on

what I was doing and that is the case

with body language and gestures if it's

not saying the same thing as what you're

saying verbally there's a discrepancy

and a disturbance in the communication

let's move on from body language to a

couple of tips on voice and the first

one I'm going to give you is about pace

so listen to this ladies and gentlemen

what I'm going to take you through now

is incredibly important now and for the

rest of your future life we'll go

through the cortex we'll go through the

limbic in the reptilian system we'll go

through a psychological advanced profile

where we tell you take you through the

entire steps of the structure will then

look at how that relates to Aristotle as

ethos logos and pathos and I'll carry on

in this pace compare that to this ladies

and gentlemen I'm now going to take you

through something that is entirely and

utterly boring something that you will

have no use of in your entire life

in every second spent listening to me

now and on will be a waste of time

and now look at your faces you're like

what that last bit I want more of that

that was super interesting the useless

stuff yet another brain so much I want

the second bit why because your brains

they react to when a person has a low

pace you think that what I'm saying is

more important than whenever have a high

pace because that illustrates that I

don't really want to be there there are

exceptions to this rule but that is the

basics so keep a calm pace my next tip

goes on pauses the pause is the pause

important absolutely it is so let me

give you a classical rhetorical proverb

now without pauses and it goes like this

did you know that every single decision

you've taken in your entire life and

will take for the rest of your life is

based on one thing and one thing only if

you give that to the people listening to

you that is the feeling that is what

will move them now allowed pauses and it

sounds like this did you know that every

single decision you've taken in your

entire life and you will take for the

rest of your life is based on one thing

and one thing only and that is an

emotion now if you give that emotion to

the people listening to you they will

take the decisions you want them to take

is there a difference absolutely but you

know what some people are afraid of the

pause so you go like woah am I gonna do

one of those I'm not I refuse I I prefer

to compromise and you know what the

compromise for a pause is what does it

sound like yeah

it's like a skok of sheep when you

listen to certain conferences but now

there's nothing among this 110 skills

that lowers your ethos and your

credibility more than Eng because it's

signals that you don't know what you are

saying and where you're going in your

talk so let me give you a demonstration

did you know that every single decision

you've taken in your entire life and

will take for the rest of your life is

based on one thing and one thing only

and that is a feeling

I think you prefer the one with silence

now those were the five main skills I

wanted to take you through and if you

haven't used them before and you start

using them as a public speaker they will

make a difference to your speech I would

like to treat you two for small skills

as well just to give you an appreciation

of how small a skill can be but still

will have a great impact it looks like

this and those were the four skills

did you follow them number one as I

looked up which illustrates that I'm

thinking which increases your your sense

of presence for me on stage the second

thing I did was that I did a audible

inhale which makes your brain believe

that I'm going to say something that's

exciting

I then combine that with a Duquesne

smile which means that I smile with my

mouth and with my eyes did you fall for

it

because what I did as well was this I

did a self laughter and also that

increases anticipation of what I'm going

to say so for small skills executed in

five seconds changes to the state of

your mind I'd like to pick out one of

those and just end off with that and

that is the Duquesne smile the King

smiles has in studies shown that you are

more likely to be married less likely to

be divorced you're happier you're more

content with life and you actually are

more relaxed in situations like this so

I asked myself am i decane smiling

person and to figure out I walked over

to my computer and I logged in and I

looked at all my 60,000 Google photos

they're not all of me but of family

members and others I looked at mine and

it seemed

my brain required short of a miracle to

do a Duquesne smile you know where you

smile with your entire face I thought

that's not fair

and considering the psychological

benefits I better learn this so I spend

not four but six months learning how to

do a decane smile and suddenly my brain

was launching decane smiles in just

everyday happiness it's beautiful and I

felt happier as a human being I want to

show you what it looks like every time I

go on my summer holidays I I take a

photo of myself and this were the last

year's of those photos this was 2014

there's no decay in smile 2015

definitely no decaying smile 2016

still no decay in smile 2017

no decaying smile this year Duchaine

smile does it make a difference

absolutely brings joy to you and

stability to me now we've come to the

end of this talk and I would like to end

with something that relates to boxing

you know Muhammad Ali and the lights

they have combinations for when they're

going to strike somebody knockout and

the same kind of combinations exist in

public speaking as well so what I'd like

to show you is this combination I'm

going to start with the number 34 go to

number 8 and then we'll carry on to six

to nine and nine to eight to six to

seven and 18 22 and a 101 and 21 are you

ready for the combination okay looks

like this ladies and gentlemen I hope

that you've had fun that you have learnt

but more than anything I hope that you

feel inspired to become a greater public

speaker because anybody can become good

anybody can come great and everybody can

become outstanding because it all comes

down to one

single thing

[Applause]