Sejarah Orde Baru (Sejarah Indonesia)

Summary

The video explores Indonesia's economic development under President Suharto's New Order government. It covers key milestones such as the introduction of the 'Trilogy of Development' (stability, high growth, and equity) and the implementation of the Five-Year Development Plans (Pelita). Notable achievements include rice self-sufficiency and substantial economic growth, which improved the national income. However, the video also addresses the uneven distribution of wealth, highlighting persistent poverty in some areas. Despite these challenges, Suharto is credited with driving Indonesia’s development, earning him the title 'Father of Development.'

Takeaways

• 😀 The Orde Baru (New Order) government in Indonesia, led by President Soeharto, prioritized national stability, economic growth, and equitable development as the core of its development strategy.
• 😀 The 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Three Development Goals) became the foundation for Indonesia's development policy: stability, high economic growth, and equitable development.
• 😀 The government implemented the Five-Year Development Plans (Pelita), successfully completing Pelita 1 through Pelita 6 by 1984.
• 😀 One of the major achievements during the Orde Baru period was Indonesia's success in achieving **self-sufficiency in rice production (Swasembada Beras)**, a feat recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
• 😀 Economic growth under the Orde Baru era led to a substantial increase in national income, from about $600 per capita in the 1980s to $1300 per capita by the early 1990s.
• 😀 Despite significant growth, the benefits of development were not evenly distributed, with poverty remaining in some regions of Indonesia.
• 😀 President Soeharto was honored as the 'Father of Development' due to his leadership in the country's economic progress during the Orde Baru period.
• 😀 The Orde Baru's development success, particularly in agriculture and industrial growth, played a major role in improving Indonesia's global economic standing.
• 😀 The country's economic achievements were marred by inequality, especially in areas that contributed heavily to national exports but remained economically disadvantaged.
• 😀 Despite economic success, the New Order faced challenges of ensuring equitable growth across Indonesia, particularly for poorer regions that were key contributors to national income.

Q & A

What was the core focus of the New Order's development strategy in Indonesia?

The core focus of the New Order's development strategy in Indonesia was the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Development Trilogy), which aimed to achieve national stability, high economic growth, and equitable development results.

What are the three key components of the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Development Trilogy)?

The three key components of the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' were stability, high economic growth, and equitable development, which together formed the foundation of Indonesia's development strategy during the New Order era.

What is the significance of the Pelita program in Indonesia's economic development?

The Pelita program, a series of five-year development plans, played a crucial role in implementing the economic goals of the New Order. It helped structure the country's development and contributed to significant economic achievements, such as self-sufficiency in rice production.

What achievement in agriculture did Indonesia attain by the 1980s under the New Order?

By the 1980s, Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency in rice production (Swasembada Beras), which was a significant agricultural milestone recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

How did Indonesia's GDP per capita change from the early 1980s to the early 1990s?

Indonesia's GDP per capita increased from approximately $600 in the early 1980s to around $1300 per capita by the early 1990s, reflecting substantial economic growth during the New Order.

What recognition did Indonesia's success in rice production receive internationally?

Indonesia's success in achieving self-sufficiency in rice production earned recognition from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), highlighting the country's agricultural achievements.

Despite economic growth, what issue persisted in Indonesia during the New Order period?

Despite significant economic growth, there was persistent inequality in the distribution of development benefits, with poverty remaining widespread in some regions of the country.

What was President Suharto's role in Indonesia's economic development?

President Suharto played a pivotal role in Indonesia's economic development, overseeing the successful implementation of the Pelita programs, leading to significant growth. This earned him the title 'Father of Development.'

What criticism can be made about the results of the economic growth under the New Order?

While economic growth was achieved, the results were not evenly distributed, and certain regions continued to experience high levels of poverty, despite their significant contribution to the national economy.

Why is President Suharto referred to as the 'Father of Development' in Indonesia?

President Suharto is referred to as the 'Father of Development' due to his leadership in implementing successful economic policies and programs, such as the Pelita plans, which contributed significantly to Indonesia's economic growth and infrastructure development.