APA YANG TERJADI SETELAH G30S? | Prahara Politik Pasca G30S

Summary

The video script provides a detailed account of the 1965 Indonesian G30S/PKI coup attempt, focusing on the military operations and political fallout. Led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, a group of soldiers aimed to prevent a coup by a military faction aligned with the CIA. However, the PKI was wrongly blamed for orchestrating the plot, leading to violent purges and the deaths of hundreds of thousands. The script explores the key events, including the capture of military leaders, the political struggle between President Soekarno and General Soeharto, and the eventual rise of Soeharto's New Order regime after Soekarno's removal in 1967.

Takeaways

• 😀 The G30S/PKI movement on September 30, 1965, was a military operation aimed at halting a coup by a group of generals allegedly working with the CIA to overthrow President Sukarno.
• 😀 The operation was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung and sought to protect President Sukarno from the so-called 'Council of Generals.'
• 😀 After the coup, the Indonesian military seized key locations like the RRI station and swiftly captured or killed high-ranking military officers, including General Ahmad Yani.
• 😀 The government, under President Sukarno, initially struggled to understand the full scale of the coup and the involvement of different military factions.
• 😀 The movement was later blamed on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), who were accused of orchestrating the coup, leading to a mass purge of suspected communists.
• 😀 The aftermath of the coup saw the deaths of between 500,000 and 1 million people, marking a period of mass genocide against those labeled as communists.
• 😀 General Soeharto, who led the counteroperation to reclaim strategic locations from the coup plotters, consolidated power and became the key figure in Indonesian politics after the coup.
• 😀 On March 11, 1966, President Sukarno was forced to sign the 'Supersemar' decree, granting Soeharto emergency powers, which ultimately paved the way for Soeharto's rise to the presidency.
• 😀 Soeharto used the events of the G30S/PKI movement to justify widespread violence and purges against the PKI and its alleged supporters, consolidating his control over Indonesia.
• 😀 The political climate in Indonesia drastically changed, with Sukarno’s power waning and Soeharto establishing the New Order regime, which would dominate the country for over three decades.
• 😀 The G30S/PKI incident, while initially presented as a communist conspiracy, is now seen as part of a larger struggle for power between different factions within Indonesia's military and political elite.

Q & A

What was the main goal of the G30S movement?

The main goal of the G30S movement was to stop a perceived plot by a faction of Indonesian military generals, who were allegedly collaborating with the CIA to overthrow President Sukarno. The movement aimed to protect the president and prevent a military coup.

Who led the G30S movement and what were its initial successes?

The G30S movement was led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung. Its initial successes included the kidnapping and killing of several senior military generals, and the temporary takeover of key locations, including the RRI (Radio Republik Indonesia) and the Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

Why was the PKI blamed for the G30S incident?

The PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) was blamed for the G30S incident due to its association with left-wing politics. The Indonesian military, under the new leadership of General Suharto, accused the PKI of being the masterminds behind the coup, which led to widespread anti-communist purges and executions.

How did General Suharto become a dominant figure in Indonesia after the G30S?

General Suharto became a dominant figure by leading the military response to the G30S and taking decisive action to quash the movement. He regained control of key locations, including the airport where President Sukarno was temporarily held, and effectively gained power by orchestrating the suppression of the coup and subsequent anti-communist purges.

What was the significance of the Supersemar (March 11, 1966)?

The Supersemar, signed by President Sukarno on March 11, 1966, granted General Suharto full authority to restore order in Indonesia. This marked the formal beginning of Suharto's rise to power, as he used the decree to consolidate his control and dismantle Sukarno’s government.

What were the consequences of the anti-communist purges in Indonesia?

The anti-communist purges, which followed the G30S, led to the execution of between 500,000 to 1 million people accused of being members of the PKI or communist sympathizers. This resulted in mass violence, repression, and the establishment of the New Order regime, which was marked by military control and authoritarian governance.

What role did Suharto play in the aftermath of the G30S movement?

After the G30S movement, Suharto took control of the military and acted decisively to regain stability in the country. He led the efforts to suppress the movement, led the anti-communist purges, and ultimately became the de facto leader of Indonesia, replacing Sukarno as president in 1967.

How did the military and political landscape change after the G30S and the rise of Suharto?

After the G30S, Indonesia's military became the dominant force in politics. Suharto’s rise to power marked the end of Sukarno’s presidency and the beginning of the New Order, which emphasized military rule, economic modernization, and suppression of political opposition, especially the PKI.

What was the impact of the G30S on Indonesia's relationship with the Communist Party (PKI)?

The G30S deeply impacted Indonesia’s relationship with the PKI, as the military accused the party of orchestrating the coup. This led to the violent suppression and eradication of the PKI, with thousands of PKI members and sympathizers executed, marking the end of the party's political influence in Indonesia.

What was the outcome of Sukarno's presidency after the events of 1965 and 1966?

Following the events of 1965 and 1966, Sukarno's presidency weakened significantly. Under pressure from the military and student protests, he was forced to sign the Supersemar, which gave Suharto full control. Sukarno's power was further diminished, and he was eventually ousted in 1967 and placed under house arrest until his death in 1970.