PROSEDUR DARURAT DI KAPAL | Teori api, Klasifikasi dan jenis pemadam kebakaran

Summary

This video script provides a comprehensive guide to different types of fire extinguishers and their use in firefighting. It covers the basic fire triangle theory, which consists of heat, oxygen, and fuel. The script explains the various fire classes (A, B, C, D) and the appropriate extinguishing methods for each, including CO2, foam, dry chemical, and water-based fire extinguishers. It also demonstrates the correct handling of each extinguisher type and emphasizes teamwork and organization for larger-scale fire suppression operations. Key procedures are outlined for effective fire management, ensuring safety and efficiency in emergency situations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Fire Triangle Theory consists of three components: heat, oxygen, and fuel (which can be solid, liquid, or gas).
• 😀 Fire classification is based on the source of the fire: Class A (wood, paper, clothing) can be extinguished with water.
• 😀 Class B fires (gas or oil-based) can be extinguished using foam.
• 😀 Class C fires (electrical fires) cannot be extinguished using water and require a CO2 or dry chemical extinguisher.
• 😀 Class D fires involve metals and require specific extinguishing methods based on the material.
• 😀 CO2 fire extinguishers release cold gas that helps put out fires by reducing the temperature of the flames.
• 😀 The CO2 extinguisher nozzle should be handled carefully to ensure the gas is released effectively.
• 😀 Foam fire extinguishers work by mixing chemicals inside a dual-chamber tank to create a pressurized foam that is released to extinguish fires.
• 😀 Dry chemical fire extinguishers contain chemical powders that are expelled under high pressure to suppress fires, especially electrical ones.
• 😀 Water-based fire extinguishers release water under high pressure to put out fires and are used for Class A fires.
• 😀 Fixed fire extinguishing systems are used for large-scale fires and include hydrants, hoses, and other equipment, requiring coordinated action between personnel.

Q & A

What is the Fire Triangle Theory?

The Fire Triangle Theory explains that fire requires three elements: heat, oxygen, and fuel. Removing any of these elements can prevent or extinguish a fire.

What are the different classes of fire, and how are they classified?

Fires are classified into four main types: Class A (wood, paper, clothing), Class B (gases, oils), Class C (electrical), and Class D (metal fires). Each class requires specific methods of extinguishment.

What is the most effective way to extinguish Class A fires?

Class A fires, which are caused by materials like wood, paper, or clothing, can typically be extinguished using water.

How should Class B fires be extinguished?

Class B fires, caused by flammable liquids like gas or oil, should be extinguished using foam-based fire extinguishers.

What is the recommended method for extinguishing electrical (Class C) fires?

Electrical fires (Class C) should never be extinguished with water. Instead, CO2 fire extinguishers should be used to safely suppress the fire without causing electrical hazards.

What type of fire extinguisher is used for metal (Class D) fires?

Class D fires, which involve metal materials, require specialized extinguishers designed specifically for metal fires. These are often not covered by standard fire extinguishers.

What is the role of CO2 in a fire extinguisher?

CO2 in fire extinguishers is used to release cold gas, which helps suppress fires by reducing oxygen around the flame and cooling it down.

How does a foam fire extinguisher work?

A foam fire extinguisher uses a chemical reaction between two components (foam powder A and B) to create high-pressure foam, which is then sprayed on the fire to suppress it.

What is the purpose of dry chemical fire extinguishers?

Dry chemical fire extinguishers release a chemical powder that smothers the fire, cutting off the oxygen supply and effectively stopping the combustion process.

What is the difference between water and foam fire extinguishers?

Water extinguishers use high-pressure water to cool the fire, while foam extinguishers use a chemical foam that covers and smothers the fire, making them effective for liquid-based fires.

How should firefighting efforts be coordinated during large-scale fires?

During large-scale fires, firefighting efforts should be conducted by a coordinated team working in different areas (such as engine rooms and decks), ensuring that all sections of the fire are addressed efficiently.