Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis formulation module 3

Summary

In Module 3, we explore the connections between independent and dependent variables, emphasizing the importance of creating a robust theoretical framework for hypothesis formulation. Key conditions for establishing relationships include the impact of independent variables on dependent variables, the necessity for chronological precedence, and the requirement for logical explanations. Moderating variables, such as personality and mannerisms, play a crucial role in influencing these relationships. We also discuss crafting definitive hypotheses and constructing a conceptual model based on literature reviews, which guides the formulation of effective research questions for empirical investigation.

Takeaways

• 😀 Understanding the relationship between independent variables (IV) and dependent variables (DV) is crucial for hypothesis formulation.
• 😀 A change in the independent variable should directly influence the dependent variable to establish a valid relationship.
• 😀 The independent variable must precede the dependent variable in time for the relationship to be meaningful.
• 😀 Researchers must ensure there are no confounding variables that could influence the observed relationship between IV and DV.
• 😀 A logical rationale must exist for why changes in the independent variable will affect the dependent variable.
• 😀 Moderating variables can impact the relationship between IVs and DVs, affecting the strength or direction of the effect.
• 😀 Mediating variables help explain the process by which the independent variable influences the dependent variable.
• 😀 Hypotheses should be clear, definitive statements that can be tested and either accepted or rejected.
• 😀 A conceptual model visualizes the relationships between variables and is informed by a thorough literature review.
• 😀 Well-framed research questions are essential for guiding data collection and analysis in research.

Q & A

What is the main focus of Module 3?

Module 3 focuses on connecting independent and dependent variables to create hypotheses and a theoretical framework.

What are independent and dependent variables?

Independent variables (IVs) are factors that are manipulated in an experiment, while dependent variables (DVs) are the outcomes that are measured in response to changes in IVs.

What are the three conditions for establishing a relationship between IVs and DVs?

1) The change in the independent variable should impact the change in the dependent variable. 2) The independent variable must precede changes in the dependent variable. 3) No other factors should cause the change.

What role do moderating variables play in the relationship between IVs and DVs?

Moderating variables influence the strength or direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables, as illustrated by personality and mannerism in the dating scenario.

How should hypotheses be formulated according to the transcript?

Hypotheses should be formulated as definitive statements that can be tested and either accepted or rejected based on empirical evidence.

What is a conceptual model, and why is it important?

A conceptual model visually represents the relationships between variables and helps clarify the expected outcomes based on literature review and theoretical foundations.

Why is the literature review crucial in the research process?

The literature review provides the necessary context and evidence to define variables, establish relationships, and inform the theoretical framework.

What are mediating variables, and how do they differ from moderating variables?

Mediating variables explain the mechanism through which an independent variable affects a dependent variable, while moderating variables influence the strength or direction of that relationship.

What example is used in the transcript to illustrate the concepts discussed?

The transcript uses a dating scenario where factors like restaurant choice and manner of speaking influence the likelihood of a second date, with personality acting as a moderating variable.

What is the next step after creating hypotheses as mentioned in the transcript?

The next step is to formulate a theoretical framework based on the established hypotheses and the relationships defined in the conceptual model.