Pengambilan Keputusan Taktis, Part 1

Summary

This lecture on managerial accounting focuses on tactical decision-making, distinguishing it from strategic decision-making. It outlines relevant and irrelevant costs, emphasizing that relevant costs influence decision-making and are typically future costs that differ between alternatives. Key concepts discussed include differential costs, opportunity costs, and avoidable costs, along with their applications in various business scenarios like make-or-buy decisions and evaluating special orders. Understanding these cost classifications is crucial for improving efficiency and profitability, as it streamlines the decision-making process by highlighting pertinent information.

Takeaways

• 😀 Strategic decision-making focuses on long-term goals and aims to enhance a company's competitive advantage.
• 😀 Tactical decision-making is oriented towards short-term objectives, primarily improving efficiency and profitability.
• 😀 Relevant costs are those that impact decision-making and include future costs and differential costs.
• 😀 Opportunity cost refers to the potential income or benefits lost when choosing one alternative over another.
• 😀 Avoidable costs are costs that can be eliminated depending on the decision made, making them relevant in the analysis.
• 😀 Irrelevant costs do not affect decision-making and include sunk costs and fixed costs that remain constant regardless of the decision.
• 😀 Understanding relevant vs. irrelevant costs aids in streamlining cost analysis and decision-making processes.
• 😀 Make or buy decisions require careful analysis of relevant costs to determine the best course of action.
• 😀 Decisions about continuing or discontinuing business segments should consider both relevant costs and potential benefits.
• 😀 Analyzing special orders and determining the best pricing strategy involves identifying relevant costs to maximize profitability.

Q & A

What are the two main types of decision-making discussed in the lecture?

The two main types are strategic decision-making, which is long-term oriented, and tactical decision-making, which is short-term oriented.

What is the primary goal of strategic decision-making?

The primary goal of strategic decision-making is to create a competitive advantage for the company.

How is tactical decision-making characterized?

Tactical decision-making is characterized by its focus on improving efficiency and increasing short-term profits.

What are relevant costs, and why are they important in decision-making?

Relevant costs are future costs that will affect decision-making. They are important because they help determine the best alternative when making decisions.

What distinguishes relevant costs from irrelevant costs?

Relevant costs differ between alternatives and impact future decisions, whereas irrelevant costs are past costs that do not influence current choices.

What is an opportunity cost, and can you provide an example?

An opportunity cost is the potential income or benefit lost when choosing one alternative over another. For example, if an individual chooses to work for Company Y with a salary of $7,500 instead of Company X with a salary of $5,000, the opportunity cost is the $5,000 salary they gave up.

What is meant by 'differential costs'?

Differential costs are the costs that differ between various alternatives in decision-making.

How are avoidable costs defined, and why are they relevant?

Avoidable costs are expenses that can be eliminated if a particular decision is made. They are relevant because they impact the cost structure of the decision.

In what scenarios is the concept of relevant costs applied according to the lecture?

Relevant costs are applied in decisions such as whether to make or buy a product, whether to continue or discontinue a segment, whether to accept special orders, and whether to sell or process products further.

Why is it essential to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant costs in decision-making?

Differentiating between relevant and irrelevant costs is essential to streamline the analysis process and focus on the factors that will genuinely affect the outcome of the decision.