AIK I Materi ke 14_Tarjih Sebagai Metode Ijtihad Muhammadiyah

Summary

This video discusses the concept of ijtihad within the Muhammadiyah movement, focusing on the methodology known as 'tarjih.' It explains that tarjih, originating from Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh), involves evaluating conflicting evidence to determine the most suitable ruling. In Muhammadiyah, tarjih extends beyond merely supporting existing opinions; it involves intellectual engagement with social and religious realities. The video highlights different stages of ijtihad, including notable contributions from scholars like Prof. Samsul Anwar. The aim is to showcase how Muhammadiyah uses tarjih to address modern issues while remaining grounded in Islamic principles.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The speaker opens with Islamic greetings and praises, emphasizing gratitude to Allah and respect for the Prophet Muhammad.
• 📚 The discussion is part of an Al-Islam lecture series focused on the concept of ijtihad, especially within the context of Muhammadiyah.
• 🧠 Ijtihad is defined as an intellectual process for interpreting Islamic teachings in response to social and human realities.
• 🔍 Tarjih, a method from usul fiqh, involves evaluating conflicting shariah arguments to determine the strongest position.
• 📖 In Muhammadiyah, the term 'tarjih' has evolved to mean broader intellectual activities, almost synonymous with ijtihad itself.
• 🧑‍🏫 The lecture highlights that tarjih in Muhammadiyah requires adherence to specific principles and methodologies, not random decision-making.
• 🏛️ The Manhaj Tarjih or tarjih methodology is a structured approach to deriving Islamic rulings, developed by Muhammadiyah scholars.
• 👥 Different models of Manhaj Tarjih are mentioned, including those by Kiai Ahmad Azhar Basir and Prof. Samsul Anwar.
• 🗓️ Historical context is provided, referencing training sessions and the development of the tarjih method over time, particularly from 2012.
• 🙏 The lecture concludes with a prayer for guidance and blessings, emphasizing the hope that the teachings are beneficial for the audience.

Q & A

What is the meaning of 'tarjih' in the context of Muhammadiyah?

'Tarjih' in Muhammadiyah refers to intellectual efforts to respond to social and humanitarian realities from an Islamic perspective, particularly based on Sharia norms. It goes beyond simply choosing between existing opinions and is considered synonymous with 'ijtihad' in this context.

How does 'tarjih' differ from its original meaning in Usul Fiqh?

In Usul Fiqh, 'tarjih' refers to evaluating conflicting legal evidence to determine which is stronger. However, in Muhammadiyah, 'tarjih' has expanded to encompass intellectual activities aimed at addressing contemporary issues from an Islamic perspective, effectively becoming a form of 'ijtihad.'

What are the levels of ijtihad mentioned in the video?

The levels of ijtihad mentioned include 'ijtihad mutlaq' (absolute ijtihad), 'ijtihad in branches,' 'ijtihad within a specific madhhab,' and 'ijtihad' in the Muhammadiyah context, where it aligns with the concept of tarjih.

What is the significance of the Manhaj Tarjih in Muhammadiyah?

The Manhaj Tarjih serves as the methodology for deriving Islamic rulings within Muhammadiyah. It is a guide for scholars to determine the most appropriate legal decisions based on Islamic principles and the needs of contemporary society.

What are the two models of Manhaj Tarjih mentioned in the video?

The two models of Manhaj Tarjih mentioned are: the method of Kiai Ahmad Azhar Basir and Prof. Asmuni Abdurrahman, which uses 'bayani' and 'qiyas,' and the method of Prof. Abdullah and Prof. Samsul Anwar, which incorporates 'bayani,' 'burhani,' and 'irfani.'

What are the three methodologies used in the current Manhaj Tarjih model?

The current Manhaj Tarjih model uses the following three methodologies: 'bayani' (textual analysis), 'burhani' (rational deduction), and 'irfani' (intuition and spiritual insight).

Can you provide examples of tarjih products mentioned in the video?

Examples include decisions on political ethics, business ethics (2003), issues related to women (1976), and a fatwa on the use of Facebook, which was issued by the Majelis Tarjih and Tajdid.

What role does tarjih play in addressing modern social issues in Muhammadiyah?

Tarjih allows scholars to respond to modern social issues such as ethics, technology, and gender-related matters by interpreting Islamic principles in a way that addresses contemporary realities.

Who is credited with shaping the current Manhaj Tarjih?

Prof. Samsul Anwar is credited with shaping the current Manhaj Tarjih, as noted during a cadre training event held on January 20, 2012, at Muhammadiyah University in Magelang.

What is the main purpose of this lecture according to the speaker?

The main purpose of this lecture is to introduce and explain the method of ijtihad within Muhammadiyah, focusing on the Manhaj Tarjih as a framework for intellectual and legal decision-making.