Sejarah Bank Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses the role of Bank Indonesia as the central bank with exclusive authority to issue and regulate the circulation of Rupiah. It traces the institution's history back to the colonial period, highlighting its role during the Dutch and Japanese occupations. Following Indonesia's independence, the bank evolved through nationalization efforts, eventually becoming independent in 1999. Bank Indonesia now focuses on stabilizing the financial system, ensuring smooth payments, and controlling inflation. Looking forward, it aims to transform into a credible and leading regional central bank by 2024, with a strong emphasis on strategic growth and stability.
Takeaways
- 💵 Bank Indonesia is the sole authority in issuing and circulating Rupiah, ensuring its stability to prevent uncontrollable inflation.
- 🏛️ As the central bank, Bank Indonesia has a long history that dates back to the Dutch colonial era in the early 19th century.
- 📜 The Dutch government granted 'De Javasche Bank' the authority to issue currency and manage financial transactions during the Dutch East Indies period.
- 🛑 During Japanese occupation, De Javasche Bank ceased operations, and the Japanese government established Nanpo Kaihatsu Gingko as the circulation bank.
- 🌍 After Japan's surrender in 1945, Indonesia proclaimed independence, leading to dual economic powers between the Indonesian Republic and the Dutch.
- 🤝 The Dutch formally recognized Indonesia’s sovereignty in 1949 after the Round Table Conference (KMB), designating De Javasche Bank as the circulation bank for the Republic of the United States of Indonesia.
- 🇮🇩 In less than a year, Indonesia dissolved the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, returning to a unitary state and beginning the nationalization of Dutch-owned enterprises, including De Javasche Bank.
- 📊 The nationalization of De Javasche Bank and its transition to Bank Indonesia marked a new era for the Indonesian economy.
- 🗝️ Bank Indonesia's early roles included overseeing monetary policy, payment flows, and banking supervision.
- 🏆 Since 1999, Bank Indonesia has operated as an independent institution, with some regulatory and supervisory roles transferred to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2013.
Q & A
What is the primary function of Bank Indonesia?
-Bank Indonesia has the authority to issue and circulate Rupiah currency and maintain its stability by controlling inflation to ensure sustainable economic growth.
What historical period marks the establishment of the predecessor to Bank Indonesia?
-Bank Indonesia's predecessor was established during the Dutch colonial period in the early 19th century to manage the growing financial system, especially in regulating export-import transactions.
What was the 'octroi' right given to De Javasche Bank?
-The 'octroi' right granted De Javasche Bank the authority to issue and circulate money in the Dutch East Indies during the colonial period.
How did World War II affect De Javasche Bank's operations?
-During Japan's occupation of Indonesia in World War II, De Javasche Bank was dissolved and replaced by Nanpo Kaihatsu Ginko, a Japanese-controlled bank.
What significant event occurred in Indonesia in August 1945?
-On August 17, 1945, Indonesia declared its independence from colonial rule, which led to the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia.
How did the post-independence economic dualism manifest in Indonesia?
-After independence, Indonesia experienced economic dualism, with the Republic of Indonesia establishing Bank Negara Indonesia, while the Dutch reactivated De Javasche Bank, creating two competing banking systems.
What was the result of the 1949 Round Table Conference (KMB) in The Hague regarding banking in Indonesia?
-The KMB resulted in the recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty and designated De Javasche Bank as the central bank of the United States of Indonesia (RIS).
Why did the Indonesian government decide to nationalize De Javasche Bank?
-The Indonesian government nationalized De Javasche Bank to assert control over key economic sectors and protect the interests of its citizens following independence.
What changes occurred to Bank Indonesia's role in 1999?
-In 1999, Bank Indonesia became an independent state institution, no longer directly controlled by the government, to enhance its professionalism in maintaining economic stability.
How did the 2013 reforms affect Bank Indonesia's responsibilities?
-In 2013, Bank Indonesia transferred its regulatory and supervisory duties over the banking sector to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), allowing it to focus on monetary policy, payment systems, and financial stability.
What is Bank Indonesia's goal for 2024?
-Bank Indonesia aims to become a credible and leading central bank in the region by 2024, focusing on maintaining low inflation and a stable exchange rate, while strengthening its strategic values and adapting to global economic dynamics.
Outlines
🏦 The Role of Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia is the sole institution authorized to issue and circulate Rupiah, ensuring its stability by managing inflation to foster sustainable economic growth. As the central bank, Bank Indonesia plays a vital role in maintaining the country's monetary system and economic stability.
📜 Bank Indonesia's Origins in the Dutch Colonial Era
Bank Indonesia's roots trace back to the early 19th century during the Dutch colonial period when the Dutch government needed a financial institution to manage its growing economic system, particularly for handling import-export transactions. The Dutch granted exclusive rights (oktroi) to 'De Javasche Bank' for issuing and circulating currency in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
🇯🇵 Bank Operations During Japanese Occupation
During Japan’s occupation of Indonesia, De Javasche Bank ceased to operate, and the Japanese formed a new institution, Nanpo Kaihatsu Ginko, to manage the currency system. However, Japan’s rule ended following their surrender to Allied forces after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
🇮🇩 Indonesia's Independence and Banking Dualism
After Indonesia declared independence on August 17, 1945, a dual banking authority emerged. The Indonesian government created Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) as the central bank, while the Dutch reactivated De Javasche Bank. This reflected the broader conflict between Indonesia's efforts to assert sovereignty and Dutch attempts to regain control.
🤝 Dutch-Indonesian Agreement and the Round Table Conference
At the Round Table Conference in 1949, the Netherlands recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). De Javasche Bank was reinstated as the central bank for RIS. However, within eight months, Indonesia dissolved RIS and returned to a unified state, paving the way for nationalization of Dutch companies.
🇮🇩 Nationalization of De Javasche Bank
The Indonesian government embarked on a process of nationalizing Dutch-owned companies, including De Javasche Bank. This process was formalized with the enactment of the Nationalization Law and the Bank Indonesia Act, marking the start of a new era in Indonesia's economic independence.
👔 The First Governor of Bank Indonesia and Core Responsibilities
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara was appointed as the first Governor of Bank Indonesia. The bank had three main responsibilities: overseeing monetary policy, ensuring smooth payment systems, and supervising the banking sector. Despite political challenges, Bank Indonesia remained committed to professionalism in fulfilling its central banking role.
💼 Bank Indonesia's Independence and Modern Responsibilities
Since 1999, Bank Indonesia has been an independent state institution. In 2013, it transferred its regulatory and supervisory functions over the banking sector to the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Today, Bank Indonesia focuses on strengthening financial systems, managing payment systems, and maintaining financial stability to adapt to global economic developments.
🔮 Future Goals and Transformation by 2024
Bank Indonesia is undergoing a transformation to become a credible and leading central bank in the region by 2024. Its strategic goals include achieving low inflation, maintaining exchange rate stability, and preparing to respond to future economic challenges.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Bank Indonesia
💡Rupiah
💡Inflation
💡Bank Sentral (Central Bank)
💡Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK)
💡De Javasche Bank
💡Nationalization
💡Konferensi Meja Bundar (Round Table Conference)
💡Independence of Indonesia
💡Economic Stability
Highlights
Bank Indonesia is the only institution with the authority to issue and circulate Rupiah and maintain its stability to prevent uncontrolled inflation.
Bank Indonesia plays a key role in sustaining Indonesia's economic growth by maintaining price stability.
Bank Indonesia has a long history dating back to the Dutch East Indies period in the early 19th century.
The Dutch government granted 'De Javasche Bank' exclusive rights, including the authority to issue and circulate currency in the Dutch East Indies.
During Japanese occupation, 'De Javasche Bank' was dissolved and replaced by 'Nanpo Kaihatsu Ginko,' a circulation bank under Japanese control.
Following Japan's surrender in 1945, Indonesia declared independence, and the Republic of Indonesia formed Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) as a circulation bank.
The Netherlands attempted to regain control of Indonesia's economy by reactivating 'De Javasche Bank' during post-WWII dual power struggles.
In the 1949 Round Table Conference (KMB) in The Hague, the Dutch recognized Indonesia's sovereignty but retained 'De Javasche Bank' as the circulation bank for the Indonesian Republic.
In 1950, the Indonesian government canceled the KMB results, returning to the unitary state of Indonesia and initiating the nationalization of Dutch companies, including 'De Javasche Bank.'
The nationalization of 'De Javasche Bank' marked a new era for Indonesia's economy and led to the creation of Bank Indonesia.
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, a former Minister of Finance, was appointed the first Governor of Bank Indonesia.
Bank Indonesia was entrusted with three primary roles: monetary policy, facilitating payment flows, and banking supervision.
Since 1999, Bank Indonesia has operated as an independent state institution.
In 2013, Bank Indonesia transferred the authority of banking supervision and regulation to the Financial Services Authority (OJK).
Bank Indonesia is now focusing on becoming a credible central bank by 2024, aiming for regional leadership, low inflation, and stable exchange rates.
Transcripts
hai hai
Hai Bank Indonesia adalah satu-satunya
lembaga yang memiliki wewenang
mengeluarkan dan mengedarkan uang rupiah
dan sekaligus menjaga stabilitas Rupiah
dari gejolak harga sehingga dapat
mencegah terjadinya inflasi yang tidak
terkendali ini demi terciptanya
pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang
berkelanjutan sebagai Bank Sentral Bank
Indonesia memiliki sejarah panjang
hingga ke periode Hindia Belanda pada
awal abad ke-19 pada saat itu pemerintah
Belanda membutuhkan sebuah lembaga
perbankan untuk mengelola sistem
keuangan yang semakin besar terutama
untuk mengatur transaksi ekspor-impor
untuk itu pemerintah Belanda memberikan
hak oktroi kepada dijava sekarang Salah
satunya wewenang menerbitkan dan
mengedarkan uang di wilayah
hindia-belanda
Hai selama pendudukan Jepang De javasche
Bank tidak beroperasi karena dibubarkan
dan sebagai gantinya pemerintah Jepang
membentuk nanpo kaihatsu gingko menjadi
Bank sirkulasi namun kekuasaan Jepang
tidak berlangsung lama bom atom di
Hiroshima dan Nagasaki memaksa Jepang
menyerah terhadap tentara sekutu situasi
ini tidak disia-siakan pada 17agustus
1945 kemerdekaan Indonesia
diproklamasikan sementara Belanda
memanfaatkannya untuk kembali berkuasa
di Indonesia alhasil terjadi dualisme
kekuasaan termasuk di bidang ekonomi di
satu sisi pemerintah Republik Indonesia
membentuk Bank Negara Indonesia atau Bi
sebagai bank sirkulasi di sisi lain
Belanda mengaktifkan kembali Dia fase
Bang dan membukakan
cabangnya di sejumlah kota pada akhir
1949 dalam Konferensi Meja Bundar atau
KMB di Den Haag Belanda mengakui
kedaulatan Republik Indonesia Serikat
atau Ris hasil.kmb juga menetapkan dia
fase bank sebagai bank sirkulasi untuk
Kris hanya delapan bulan sejak
disepakati pemerintah membatalkan hasil
KMB dengan membubarkan Rich dan kembali
ke bentuk negara kesatuan Republik
Indonesia gagasan untuk menasionalisasi
perusahaan-perusahaan milik Belanda
muncul terutama yang menyangkut
kepentingan rakyat salah satunya the
khas Jepang proses nasionalisasi De
javasche Bank dimulai sejak
dikeluarkannya undang-undang
nasionalisasi hingga terbitnya
undang-undang Bank Indonesia ini
sekaligus menandakan erabaru
perekonomian di tanah air mantan menteri
keuangan
Green kaburan negara ditunjuk pada saat
itu sebagai Gubernur Bank Indonesia yang
pertama ada tiga tugas pokok
kebanksentralan yang diemban Bank
Indonesia ketika itu yakni mengawal
kebijakan moneter memperlancar arus lalu
lintas pembayaran dan melakukan
pengawasan perbankan perjalanan Bank
Indonesia mengawal perekonomian
mengalami pasang surut seiring situasi
politik nasional meski begitu Bank
Indonesia tetap konsisten dalam menjaga
profesionalisme nya sejak 1999 Bank
Indonesia menjadi lembaga negara yang
independen pada akhir tahun 2013 Bank
Indonesia menyerah terimakan pengertian
fungsi tugas dan wewenang pengaturan dan
pengawasan di sektor perbankan kepada
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan atau OJK kini
Bank Indonesia senantiasa melakukan
penguatan kinerja
Netter sistem pembayaran dan menjaga
stabilitas sistem keuangan selain
menyelaraskan dengan perkembangan
dinamika ekonomi global agar Bank
Indonesia dapat mengantisipasi Gejolak
yang mungkin terjadi di masa yang akan
datang gini Bank Indonesia Tengah menuju
transformasi 2024 menjadi lembaga Bank
Sentral yang kredibel dan terbaik di
regional melalui penguatan nilai-nilai
strategis yang dimiliki serta pencapaian
inflasi yang rendah dan nilai tukar yang
stabil
[Musik]
hai hai
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