Google’s digital transformation of India’s health sector | Bakul Patel | Faye D'Souza
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses Google's efforts to enhance healthcare using technology, particularly in India. Google has partnered with the Indian government to improve public health infrastructure through AI, digital health IDs, and smart diagnostics. Tools like the Pixel 3 watch and Health Connect help track health data securely, while AI can diagnose conditions like tuberculosis through cough sounds. The conversation emphasizes privacy, equitable healthcare access, and Google's role in making healthcare more efficient for both patients and providers, particularly in rural areas.
Takeaways
- 💡 Google is deeply involved in healthcare, using technologies like AI to improve diagnosis and healthcare access globally.
- 📱 Google aims to individualize healthcare planning through data collected from devices like phones and wearables, enhancing diagnostics with AI.
- 🩺 Google's Pixel Watch offers highly accurate heart rate monitoring, and Health Connect securely manages personal health data on Android devices.
- 🌐 Google has partnered with India’s National Health Authority to develop digital health systems, such as integrating Health ID cards with Google Wallet.
- 🤖 AI-powered diagnostic tools, like detecting tuberculosis from cough sounds or X-rays, are becoming a reality, thanks to Google’s research and open-source projects.
- 🔐 Privacy and security are paramount: health data remains stored on personal devices or within hospital systems, not accessible to Google.
- 📊 Google is helping to streamline hospital administration with tools like the clinical intelligence engine, improving efficiency in patient care.
- 🛡️ Google is committed to minimizing bias in AI, especially when applied to healthcare diagnostics, ensuring that systems are fair and equitable.
- 🏥 AI and technology are being applied to bridge gaps in healthcare access, particularly for lower socio-economic groups, improving services for underserved populations.
- 🔍 AI is seen as a key player in addressing diseases like tuberculosis, cancer, and more, with advancements in multi-modal diagnostics combining audio and visual inputs.
Q & A
What is the main focus of Google's partnership with India in terms of public health?
-Google's partnership with India focuses on improving public health through the use of digital technology, AI, and cloud-based solutions. They aim to help the country manage health data, offer personalized healthcare, and create solutions for diagnosing diseases such as tuberculosis.
How is Google integrating AI into healthcare in India?
-Google is integrating AI into healthcare by using it to analyze data from wearables, smartphones, and diagnostics. AI tools are being used to diagnose conditions like tuberculosis through cough sound analysis and X-ray scanning, making diagnosis smarter and faster.
What role do wearables play in Google’s health initiatives?
-Wearables, like the Pixel 3 Watch, play a significant role in Google’s health initiatives by collecting health data such as heart rate, walking balance, and other health metrics. This data is securely stored on users’ devices and is intended to improve personalized healthcare.
What privacy concerns are raised by Google’s health technology, and how is Google addressing them?
-Privacy concerns revolve around the large amounts of personal health data collected by wearables and smartphones. Google addresses these concerns by ensuring that personal data is stored securely on the user's device and not accessible to others, including Google itself. The data is protected by passwords, pins, and fingerprints.
What is the Aishman Bharat Digital Mission, and how is Google involved?
-The Aishman Bharat Digital Mission is a massive insurance initiative by the Indian government. Google is working to digitize health IDs, allowing individuals to store their health cards on Google Wallet for easier access when visiting healthcare facilities, enhancing the system’s efficiency.
How will Google’s tools benefit rural populations in India?
-Google’s tools, such as the tuberculosis diagnostic system and the integration of health IDs, aim to make healthcare more accessible for rural populations. These technologies help diagnose diseases remotely and simplify access to treatment through digital IDs, improving the overall healthcare experience for rural patients.
What is Google’s approach to improving hospital administration through AI?
-Google is helping hospital administrations by providing tools like the Clinical Intelligence Engine, which simplifies tasks such as accessing patient records and managing handovers between medical staff. This reduces administrative burdens and allows more focus on patient care.
How is Google addressing AI bias in healthcare systems?
-Google is carefully mitigating AI bias by ensuring that AI tools are trained on diverse data and refined for local contexts. They are particularly focused on equity in healthcare, aiming to ensure that AI serves people across different socioeconomic, racial, and identity-based groups.
How does Google’s Clinical Intelligence Engine support healthcare providers?
-The Clinical Intelligence Engine helps healthcare providers by offering a quick, intelligent summary of a patient’s medical history, allowing doctors to create better care plans without needing to manually search through files. This enhances efficiency and care quality.
What specific diseases is Google focusing on in India with its AI technology?
-Google is focusing on diagnosing diseases such as tuberculosis, diabetes, and cancers like breast cancer in India. AI-driven diagnostic tools are being used to analyze X-rays, detect TB through cough sounds, and potentially expand to other diseases in the future.
Outlines
📱 Revolutionizing Healthcare with Wearable Devices
The paragraph discusses the growing use of wearable devices and smartphones for tracking health metrics, such as heart rate and walking balance. These devices gather vast amounts of data, sometimes raising concerns about privacy. Google is working on public health initiatives, especially in India, focusing on AI-driven healthcare solutions. Bakul Patel, a senior executive at Google, highlights the potential of using AI for personalized healthcare diagnosis based on data from wearable devices and how Google aims to help people live healthier, longer lives.
🤝 Google's Partnership with the Indian Government
Google is collaborating with the Indian government on several public health projects. A notable initiative is the integration of health IDs into Google Wallet, enabling seamless access to healthcare services. The open-source tools provided by Google help developers adopt the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) infrastructure more easily. Additionally, the Health ID system will be secure, requiring passwords or fingerprints, ensuring privacy protection. The ID will store essential medical information, reducing the need for physical documentation at hospitals.
🌾 Empowering Rural Healthcare through AI and Digital Records
Google’s technology supports not only urban but also rural healthcare. For instance, a farmer diagnosed with tuberculosis using AI tools can use the health ID to access hospital care. The farmer's medical history is stored securely within hospital systems, potentially hosted on Google Cloud but inaccessible to Google itself. The integration of AI can streamline hospital administration, reducing manual tasks like filing paperwork. Google's clinical intelligence engine can simplify patient records for medical professionals, allowing them to focus on care, though it's customized and managed by hospitals.
🤖 Addressing Bias in AI-Driven Healthcare
The conversation shifts to concerns about AI bias in healthcare, a pressing issue globally. Google recognizes the risks and emphasizes its focus on responsible AI use, particularly in low-risk areas like administrative tasks. The company is committed to equity, ensuring that AI models do not disproportionately serve one group over another, including those from different socio-economic backgrounds. This commitment includes building localized AI models to ensure relevancy and accuracy, particularly in healthcare settings like rural areas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Wearables
💡AI (Artificial Intelligence)
💡Google Health
💡ABDM (Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission)
💡Privacy
💡TB (Tuberculosis)
💡Health ID
💡Cloud Infrastructure
💡Clinical Intelligence Engine
💡Equity
Highlights
Google is collaborating with India to provide large-scale public health solutions using AI and mobile data.
Google’s partnership with India focuses on improving health diagnostics using smartphones, wearables, and AI to personalize healthcare.
Google’s Pixel Watch includes the most accurate heart rate sensor available to date, emphasizing the role of wearables in health monitoring.
Google has developed an AI model to detect tuberculosis (TB) from cough sounds, demonstrating innovation in early disease detection.
Google Health’s mission is to enable everyone to live healthier and longer lives by leveraging its existing platforms like YouTube, Search, and Android.
Google's Health Connect allows users to securely store personal health data on their smartphones without external access.
A key part of the initiative is to give caregivers better tools through AI, providing them with important diagnostic and health history insights.
Google is integrating India's Health ID system into Google Wallet, allowing people to carry their health IDs on their phones for easier access to medical care.
Google ensures that no external party, including itself, can access personal health data stored on user devices without consent.
Google’s focus on privacy protection involves securing health information using passcodes, fingerprints, and ensuring data remains on the user's device.
Google is working on improving hospital administration systems through AI, allowing caregivers to spend more time on patient care rather than paperwork.
AI bias is a serious concern for Google, and they are taking steps to reduce bias by training models with localized data for more accurate diagnostics.
Google’s clinical intelligence engine helps healthcare providers access and analyze patient history more efficiently, minimizing manual effort.
Google has partnered with various organizations, including the National Health Authority, to digitize India’s healthcare system for more inclusive care.
The collaboration with organizations like Armaan has shown that AI can predict and intervene in cases like expectant mothers who are at risk of falling out of healthcare systems.
Transcripts
well it's an interesting time to talk
about health um now a lot of us use
variables we use our cell phones to
track various things about our health um
you know our phones and our watches can
now check our heartbeat check the
balance with which we're walking um
actually keep track of various things to
do with health that sometimes helps us
manage better sometimes makes us
uncomfortable about how much data these
devices are actually collecting there's
an inter in development now from Google
Google is actually working very largely
in public health and is now teamed up
with India uh to provide large scale
Public Health to people across the
country this conversation is to
understand how that will actually work
what the Condors of that uh you know
understanding is and whether it will
improve things for India or is it likely
to make those of us who take privacy
very uh seriously a little more
uncomfortable to help us understand this
and answer those questions for me bakul
Patel who's the senior director of
global digital Health strategy and uh
regulatory Health strategy at Google
joins us right now um Mr Patel thank you
for joining us um I understand to put it
very fundamentally for our audience to
um you know to sort of come up to speed
with what you're discussing right now
Google is working on a future in which
healthc care diagnosis and planning can
be individualized to each of us using
using the data that's collected by our
phones and our variables and various
Diagnostics is that correct and you'll
be using AI to make it smarter and
faster yeah fa I think really good but
you're raising a really futuristic
question and this is really true and I
think once you know we wish we can sort
of help people diagnose a lot of
conditions but let me go one step before
that we're actually doing this today
already in India and our mission and
Google Health you know what is Google
health is pretty much like you know it's
a part of everything Google does and
what does that mean for health so you
aim to bring everyone everywhere live
longer in in a longer healthier lives so
that's sort of the mission statement for
us and the the work that we do at at
Google Heth is build products that
people already use every day from search
to YouTube to Android to cloud and
include that includes variables as well
right so I think you mentioned variables
earlier this is really really powerful
you know as you start thinking about
pixel 3 watch watch that was just
released that has the most accurate
heart rate sensor um built built as of
today you know if you think about
Android you know Health Connect is
actually where people can connect their
data their personal data securely on
their phones and I think those are the
kind of things examples and I can I can
going into a lot more examples but just
to give you a flavor of Google is
involved in health today and it's been
involving in a very long time I think
the future what you just painted is more
about the future capabilities of how AI
is going to transform Healthcare in the
future right but there's we are in the
we're in the middle of that Journey not
in the futuristic world yet but I can
give you examples like you know we our
recent research which is open source and
it's a foundation model which others can
build from and we we partnering with a
with a organization called swasa that
can actually detect TB from cough sounds
now that's phenomenal re right if you
can imagine that or you can take X-rays
and just run it through the AI tools and
detect somebody has TB or not and those
are the kind of things that our research
becoming open source and giving people
an enabling sort of technology that can
take it to the next level
um for actually detecting or diagnosing
diseases as as you can imagine but
that's not that's like personally for
people right if you just think about it
from that perspec but then if you think
about the way sort of our our technology
platforms are across used by many many
people across the world and one of the
key things is information giving people
the right information of the right time
is really really important and I think
our our platforms do that really really
well and if you just think about you
know then think about okay what do it
what does that mean for the caregiver
because they are an important piece of
the puzzle in health care itself right
and just thinking through that and
saying what can we do to enable those
caregivers and this diagnostic tools I
just outlined are the tools that can do
and then you have other partners like
government of India and National Health
Authority that that is trying to sort of
build the ecosystem in the architecture
for digital digital Health to become
real
so those are kind of the things that I
would say that we are working towards
and working are working currently
on what are you doing with government of
India right
now so there's a couple things right so
either one is directly with government
of India we have an open source project
our Google research team who and
provided a set of tools that is open
source that allows for ABA um allows for
the the abdm infrastructure to be easily
adopted by developers who are trying to
connect to the infrastructure that's
that abdm so that's the the the what we
call it is a wrapper that allows
integration integration to the system at
scale much quicker because we build all
the mechanics that goes with it really
and open source developers can sort of
take it and implement it really quickly
that's like number one number two I
think I will say that you know up ID I
think that's a that's a big push from
from thetion national health authority
to have every every Indians to have that
we partnered with
aare um who is partnering with the NH
and now you're going to take Hab IDs and
you'll see this in the next year um and
that H ID IDs will not be available on
Google Wallet on your Android phones so
what do what does that mean what what id
is that how does it work just think
about as a health idid right and that ID
is associated with people who
participating people with the government
of India who are connected for the
health information that that the
government is is providing to the people
so what what we are doing here is we're
partnering with eare which is a company
that makes it easy for for the IDS to
show up on Google Apple Google Wallet
like and that wallet is now secure and
and we'll be requiring people to like
use passport and pins and fingerprints
to sort of access that so it's we we we
keep in top of mind that security is a
and privacy is a key thing will be on
the ID
itself well so if I understood correctly
the aishman bhat U digital Mission which
is basically an in a massive insurance
policy that's offered to people of India
from government across the board the
digitization portion of it uh will
involve an ID that can that you are
working on adding to the Google Wallet
so people can just carry it around in
their phones and when they arrive at the
hospital they don't need any other
document ation except what's already on
that phone just exactly you're exactly
right right making it so easy for people
to give that give access to that ID that
people can just walk around walk and go
to go to the care facilities with
that uh bu I have two uh you know
questions about privacy here which is
obviously going to come up because on
one hand what you're going to have is
access to an enormous amount of
healthcare data of Indian citizens u i I
do understand that this will be
extremely useful in studies for cancer
for tuberculosis for diabetes issues
that Indians face in perhaps the largest
numbers in the world right now the
second aspect is private data of every
single individual that's currently being
logged on their phones and their
variables that will that Google will
then be able to harness how are you
going to respect the privacy of every
single Indian including the poorest who
perhaps if were given the choice would s
sacrifice privacy for healthcare but as
an organization as Google how will you
prioritize their
privacy let me just be extremely clear
right I think when we surface Health ID
cards just imagine that as health ID
cards on Google Wallet we're not
connecting and seeing their personal
data it is on the phone for the users to
sort of maintain and it's not available
for anybody else outside of the phone um
to sort of have access access to that so
I think that is sort of one of the
fundamental things we should think about
and the I surfacing of ID is more about
like making it easy and accessible for a
lot of people um and and think about
this as you know you store your your
bunch of files your pictures on your
phone that is not available for anybody
else outside of you in your phone and
it's protected by a password so that's
exactly how it is the data does not
leave
the phone a smartphone or the device
itself it just stays in there and it
doesn't have access nobody else has
access other than you as as an
individual so from that perspective and
when I mentioned earlier like people
will have to like use their passcode and
pins and fingerprints is really bring
giving that purposeful protection layer
that people cannot just really nearly
show up and just you know let people
others sort of accidentally use their
so if I've understood this correctly I
mean we are talking about let's let's
talk about an individual farmer um you
know who lives in rural India who's used
your uh partnership with ap poo to be
diagnosed with tuberculosis and then
uses the aishman bat card on his Google
phone to go to the hospital and aail of
treatment and I do understand you're
also working at uh improving
administrative um you know details
inside of hospitals which means
handovers between nurses actual data
actual you know um administrative work
does all of this eventually form a file
of medical history for this individual
farmer and where does that file rest who
has access to it yeah
so the health records for a person is
with the hospital systems itself and
even if they were within on a Google
Cloud Google Cloud basis on a Google
Cloud you can imagine a a domain that's
been created for that for that customer
in this case there's a big large
hospital they will have their own domain
and that domain itself is private to
that customer nobody has access like
there's no other people person including
Google have access to that to that
information that's lies into that that
cloud infrastructure and it could be any
other Cloud not just Google but any
Cloud INF that's how the technology
works right so that that is important to
understand that within the health system
itself it's private within and all that
information that the farmer actually now
goes and exchanges with the you know
hospital system XYZ it will be in the
hospital system XYZ just like you know
imagine you know you have paper records
that somebody writes notes on and keep
in a file in in a hospital that is the
digital version of that stays within the
hospital I do want to understand how
you're working to help people in
administration um I
my understanding is that Google is
working to help Hospital Administration
uh dedicate more time to care and take
less time out of actually filling out
those forms and those files what is it
you're doing exactly yeah so um so
what I don't know if I I'm going to use
jargon here but let excuse me for that
there's a clinical intelligence engine
which is actually another tool that
Google has developed and we actually
allowed it's it's kind of foundation
model that our customers like like a
hospital system will actually take that
and build it for their own systems and
that intelligent engine you can imagine
I'm going to make it very simple imagine
you they have built it and they have
access to the patient record or a
patient X is showing up you can the
engine can sort of take it take that
record for that person and make it
simple enough for the providers to
understand the history what was what was
last done with the person
and so they can create a plan of action
or care for that per for that person who
has been visiting so that's instead of
so the alternative to that is somebody
has to go scroll or flip pages to make
sure that they have seen the history for
that patient now this engine that I'm
talking about clinical intelligence
engine is providing exactly that
intelligence into a person's record but
it's remember this is built by the
hospital system not by Google we
provided the base technology that you
know you can think about that's a
guiding tool that that hospitals can
use if we're using AI for Diagnostics uh
one of the things that we're concerned
about when it comes to generative AI
across the world is the um you know so
the sort of bias that gets worked into
the Learning System it could be far more
dangerous when we're talking about
health and Diagnostics is what is Google
doing to mitigate that risk of AI just
Mis learning some biases already
industry we take this extremely
seriously F I think at Google we want to
be bold but we also be want to be
extremely responsible and we can't do it
alone I think generative AI is such a
such a frontier that we we're trying to
get across very carefully that's why I
feel that when we use these Technologies
it's better to use in lowrisk settings
like administrative sort of simplifying
or just explaining what has happened
from a nurse Handover uh systems like
that there that can be rechecked and
checked by humans as as you can see so
this happen and when we start talking
about as we how we start building
Technologies together with other people
we going to learn what is it that these
generative AI tools are going to do how
are you going to partner how do you sort
of minimize this bias Equity is actually
one of the Paramon things that Google
health is really really focused on and I
think it's inequity is a very broad word
right I can imagine from a socio
economic structure from a race and
identity structures and any many other
dimensions of that and I think we need
to make sure this Technologies are
serving everyone not just one forgive me
I'm going to stop you here because of
the Jon but I don't understand how
you're going to do that um how will you
make sure and let me let me put this
basically in India we have excellent
state-of-the-art healthcare for people
who have money
but for people who don't have money the
reality is very very
different how will you with AI bridge
that Gap or at least in the very least
make sure the Gap is not
widened yeah I I I think you you sort
heard me say this right the equity is
beyond just race and identity it's more
about socio economic as well just kind
of what you're alluding to right there's
an social economic strata that is
different than the other strata does
that exist and I think if you think
about care and access to care I think
that's when when I spoke about our goal
to help Millions everywhere have access
to healthare using our technology that's
one of the things I think we need to
focus on and I think that is that is
driven by information that's driven by
insights and that's driven by
infrastructure if you think about those
things and you hit it from and we sort
of look at it from what does the
consumers need what does the caregivers
need what do the health infrastructure
need is kind of where we are sort of
working towards now you and let me go
back to your original question about
training models with data and if you if
you start thinking about training models
with data you have to be careful not
every model is US usable for everything
in fact we have uh our models is is when
we say Foundation models they're based
on a foundation of data that's that's
going to be trained on but the Next
Level The Last Mile would have to be
done in the local setting local sort of
aspects Etc and this is this is kind of
how we are looking at amplifying what
are the things that we could do better
in different settings and that's one way
to think about it but also if you if you
look at some of the projects that we
have done in in in understanding how um
I don't know if you heard the project
Arman or not where where we help
expectant mothers yeah so and that's
where technology can actually I mean if
you heard about their product I think
but that's what technology can predict
which which mother is actually going to
fall out of the system and can it
actually be can we use the workers the
the call centers to sort of reach out to
those people to help bridge that Gap and
that that is the power of Technology
right it's not going to be just about
training it's not just going to be about
you know Building Technology I think we
need to build to together with people to
make sure that we are addressing those
gaps what areas of healthcare
specifically do you believe um AI will
be most useful for in India are we
talking tuberculosis are we skin cancer
breast cancer what Diagnostics or what
specialities will it uh be deployed most
in I I I think all of them are pry Prime
game I think this is this goes those
goes in line with with you know TV is
one of the of the things that that we
are focused on today and as we learn
more as we sort of have information that
can build and build some of those
Foundation models of research sort of
goes beyond I mean I don't know if you
heard but you probably hear this um
today in terms of where we we're talking
about you know we have a foundation
model called here
H that we are working with a company
with an organization called swasa that's
trying trying to detect TB from cuff
sounds how exciting is that right so now
you have this multimodal capabilities
not just about x-rays which was done
many many many many years ago and Contin
to being done but you are now seeing
advantages of being able to hear being
able to see and being able to sort of go
forward with with these kind of
diagnostic but the science is still
evolving right I think we still need to
work through some of these things it
needs to be Pro out need to be make it
more available for General general
population so I I feel like we are in
the beginnings of that world of how Ai
and this phenomenal technology that can
now hear and see can actually be used
for this
diagnosis all right uh thank you so much
for speaking with me here uh I do
appreciate the conversation and um we
look forward to uh the data that or or
the technology that Google hopes to
deploy in India we keep a close eye on
it uh for our audience remember like
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