Sejarah Kesultanan Demak | Sejarah SMA

Summary

The Sultanate of Demak, Java's first Islamic kingdom, was a pivotal center for Islam's spread in the archipelago, led by the Nine Guardians. Founded by Raden Patah, it peaked under Sultan Trenggono, who expelled the Portuguese from Sunda Kelapa. Known for its sea trade, Demak's wealth was derived from rice exports and spice imports. The kingdom, which lasted from 1475 to 1554, collapsed after internal strife and power struggles, leading to the establishment of the Pajang Sultanate.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The Sultanate of Demak was the first Islamic kingdom on Java, playing a key role in spreading Islam across the archipelago.
• ⚓ Demak's strategic location and large port made it a significant maritime trading center, exporting rice and importing spices.
• 📚 The Wali Songo, or Nine Guardians, were instrumental in spreading Islam through education and the arts, such as gamelan and wayang.
• 👑 Demak was founded by Raden Patah, son of Brawijaya V of Majapahit, and broke away from the declining Majapahit Kingdom.
• 🌟 Sultan Trenggono led Demak to its peak, notably by expelling the Portuguese from Sunda Kelapa (now Jakarta) in 1527.
• ⛪ The Great Mosque of Demak, built during Raden Patah's reign, is a significant relic of the Sultanate and features four sacred pillars donated by members of Wali Songo.
• 🗡️ Demak's decline began with internal power struggles, leading to the assassination of Sunan Prawoto and the rise of Arya Penangsang.
• 🗺️ Under Sultan Trenggono, Demak expanded its territory into West and East Java, solidifying its power in the region.
• ⚔️ The final collapse of Demak occurred when Jaka Tingkir, the Duke of Pajang, defeated Arya Penangsang and moved the capital to Pajang, establishing a new sultanate.
• 🛕 Demak was a center of religious, cultural, and economic activity, leaving a legacy of Islamic influence and architectural heritage in Java.

Q & A

Who founded the Sultanate of Demak?

The Sultanate of Demak was founded by Raden Patah, the son of Brawijaya V, a king of Majapahit, and his concubine, a princess from China.

What was the role of Demak in the spread of Islam in Java?

Demak was a pioneer and center of the spread of Islam in Java and the surrounding archipelago. The spread was facilitated by the Wali Songo, who used educational and artistic activities like gamelan and wayang.

What significant ports did Demak control during its reign?

Demak controlled important ports such as Jepara, Gresik, and Tuban, which contributed to its dominance in sea trade.

What role did Sultan Trenggono play in Demak's history?

Sultan Trenggono led Demak during its peak of glory. He expanded Demak's territory, expelled the Portuguese from Sunda Kelapa, and oversaw its economic and political rise.

Why did Demak collapse, and what happened to its territory afterward?

Demak collapsed after its last king was killed, and its new ruler, Jaka Tingkir, moved the center of government to Pajang, turning Demak into part of the Pajang Sultanate.

What role did Sunan Bonang and Sunan Kalijaga play in the cultural spread of Islam?

Sunan Bonang used gamelan (traditional Javanese music) and Sunan Kalijaga used wayang (traditional Javanese puppet show) to spread Islamic teachings through cultural activities.

What was Demak's relationship with the Majapahit Kingdom?

Demak was originally a fief under the Majapahit Kingdom but broke away as Majapahit declined, becoming an independent trading and Islamic center.

How did Demak's location contribute to its economic success?

Demak’s strategic location on the northern coast of Java and its large port helped it become a thriving maritime kingdom, exporting rice and importing spices.

Who was Arya Penangsang, and how did his rise affect Demak?

Arya Penangsang was the cousin of Sunan Prawoto, who claimed the throne after killing Sunan Prawoto. His rise led to a blood feud that eventually resulted in the fall of Demak.

What is one of the most important relics of the Demak Sultanate?

One of the most important relics of the Demak Sultanate is the Great Mosque of Demak, which was built during Raden Patah’s era and is supported by four pillars donated by the Wali Songo.