ابن سينا | أمير الأطباء وأرسطو الإسلام - معلم أوروبا لـ 1000عام !
Summary
TLDRIbn Sina, known as Avicenna, was a Muslim polymath celebrated for his contributions to medicine, philosophy, and science. Born in 370 AH in a village near Bukhara, he became renowned for his medical works, especially 'The Canon of Medicine,' which influenced European universities for centuries. Ibn Sina also made groundbreaking observations in astronomy, geology, and physics, predating many discoveries by notable figures like Newton and Galileo. He was a pioneer in surgery, neurology, and pharmacology, offering innovative treatments. His legacy continues to inspire scholars, with his image still displayed in medical schools today.
Takeaways
- 📜 Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, was a prominent philosopher and scientist, referred to as the 'Father of Doctors' and 'The Third Teacher' after Aristotle and Al-Farabi.
- 🌍 Born in Afshana, near Bukhara (modern Uzbekistan), Ibn Sina was raised in a scholarly environment and memorized the Quran at an early age.
- 🧠 His expertise spanned multiple fields, including medicine, philosophy, astronomy, geology, and physics, significantly contributing to various sciences.
- 📖 Ibn Sina authored the famous 'Canon of Medicine,' which was used in European universities until the late 19th century and contained extensive medical knowledge and classifications of drugs.
- 🔬 He was a pioneer in astronomy, where he successfully observed Venus passing across the sun, and also proposed geological theories about the Earth's formation from wet clay.
- ⚛️ Ibn Sina made significant contributions to physics, particularly in mechanics, where his work laid the groundwork for Newton's laws of motion centuries before their discovery.
- 💊 He classified medicines into six groups in 'The Canon of Medicine' and offered groundbreaking insights into surgical procedures, including early cancer surgeries and treatments for fistulas.
- 🎶 In addition to his scientific work, Ibn Sina contributed to the field of music, adding to his diverse intellectual pursuits.
- 🧑⚕️ Known as a compassionate physician, he treated patients for free, often preparing their medicines himself, and linked psychological factors like fear and anxiety to physical health.
- ⚰️ Ibn Sina passed away in 1077 after suffering from a prolonged illness, leaving behind a legacy of over 276 works, many of which have been lost, though 68 are preserved in libraries worldwide.
Q & A
Who is referred to as 'the Sheikh President' and 'the Third Teacher' after Aristotle and Al-Farabi?
-Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, is referred to as 'the Sheikh President' and 'the Third Teacher' after Aristotle and Al-Farabi.
What is Ibn Sina’s most famous contribution to medicine?
-Ibn Sina’s most famous contribution to medicine is his book 'The Canon of Medicine,' which was highly influential and studied in European universities until the late 19th century.
Where and when was Ibn Sina born?
-Ibn Sina was born in the village of Afshana near Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan) in 370 AH (approximately 980 AD).
How did Ibn Sina contribute to the field of astronomy?
-Ibn Sina made an astronomical observation by recording the transit of Venus across the sun’s disk with the naked eye, a phenomenon confirmed by the English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks in the 17th century.
What was Ibn Sina’s view on the formation of the Earth and geological processes?
-Ibn Sina believed the Earth was formed from clay over long periods and was once submerged under the sea. He also wrote about cloud formation and water cycles.
What were Ibn Sina’s key contributions to physics?
-In physics, Ibn Sina studied motion and is credited with formulating an early version of Newton’s First Law of Motion centuries before Newton. He also distinguished between the speed of light and sound.
What approach did Ibn Sina take towards the scientific theories of his time?
-Ibn Sina critically analyzed and questioned existing scientific theories, including rejecting the idea of transmuting base metals into gold, emphasizing that each material had a specific structure that could not be changed.
What innovations did Ibn Sina introduce in the field of surgery?
-Ibn Sina performed advanced surgeries such as tumor removal, tracheotomies, and developed methods to treat anal fistulas. His techniques are still referenced today.
How did Ibn Sina view the relationship between emotions and physical health?
-Ibn Sina recognized that emotions like fear, sadness, and anxiety significantly impacted the body’s organs and functions, contributing to the field of psychosomatic medicine.
How did Ibn Sina's life end, and what was his perspective on his final illness?
-Ibn Sina suffered from illness in his later years, eventually succumbing in June 1077. He accepted his fate, stating that his body’s 'internal regulator' had failed, and he stopped seeking medical treatment.
Outlines
🧠 The Legacy of Avicenna, the Polymath
This paragraph introduces Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Abd Allah ibn Sina, famously known as Avicenna. Renowned as 'the third teacher' after Aristotle, he was a giant in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna lived during a time of great scientific awakening, contributing to the intellectual and scientific development of his society. His wisdom in medicine, especially his famous saying, 'illusion is half the disease, reassurance is half the cure, and patience is the first step to recovery,' highlights his balanced view of mind and body in healing. Born in Afshana near Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan) in 370 AH, Avicenna mastered religious and secular knowledge from a young age. He traveled across regions like Jorjan and Hamadan, composing his magnum opus, *The Canon of Medicine*. Avicenna’s groundbreaking achievements spanned diverse sciences, from astronomy to geology, where he made pioneering observations. For instance, he described Venus crossing the sun’s disc, predicted Earth’s formation from mud, and explained cloud formation centuries before modern science confirmed these ideas. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for Newton's first law of motion, predating Newton by six centuries. His profound scientific insights into light, sound, and mechanics revolutionized understanding long before Western figures like Newton and Galileo.
💊 Avicenna’s Medical Prowess and Final Days
This paragraph elaborates on Avicenna’s contributions to medicine and his personal life. Dubbed the 'Prince of Physicians,' he treated patients for free and often provided them with medications he prepared himself. His medical observations were advanced for his time, studying psychological and emotional factors such as fear, anxiety, and happiness, and their effects on physical health. In surgery, Avicenna was a skilled practitioner, performing intricate procedures like tumor removal, tracheotomy, and bladder stone extraction. He also introduced techniques for treating anal fistulae that remain in use today. In his later years, Avicenna fell ill and recognized the futility of treatment. He distributed his wealth to the poor and passed away in 1077 AD at the age of 58. Though many of his works have been lost, 68 of his writings remain, most of them written in Arabic. His portrait still graces prestigious institutions like the University of Paris in recognition of his vast influence on science and medicine.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ibn Sina
💡The Canon of Medicine
💡Philosophy
💡Astronomy
💡Physics
💡Geology
💡Psychosomatic Medicine
💡Surgery
💡Alchemy and Chemistry
💡Death and Legacy
Highlights
Ibn Sina was known as 'the Sheikh al-Raees' and 'the Third Teacher' after Aristotle.
He believed that 'illusion is half the disease, reassurance is half the cure, and patience is the first step toward healing.'
Ibn Sina balanced scientific pursuits with active participation in societal issues, contributing to both the intellectual and cultural revival of his time.
He was born in the village of Afshana near Bukhara (now Uzbekistan) in 370 AH (980 AD) to a father from Balkh (now Afghanistan) and a village mother.
He memorized the Qur'an and studied various sciences of his era, becoming deeply knowledgeable at a young age.
Ibn Sina authored his famous medical book 'Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb' (The Canon of Medicine) in Jorjan, which remained a key medical text in Europe until the late 19th century.
He served as a minister to the Buyid emir Shams al-Dawla in Hamadan, gaining recognition in various fields of science and philosophy.
Ibn Sina made important contributions to astronomy, accurately observing Venus' transit across the Sun with the naked eye.
He also had notable theories in geology, proposing that the Earth was once submerged in water and that the planet's layers formed from accumulated mud over time.
Ibn Sina's studies in physics laid the groundwork for modern dynamics, including the first law of motion, preceding Newton by more than six centuries.
He differentiated between the speed of light and sound, which later scientists like Isaac Newton confirmed.
Ibn Sina's observations and theories in meteorology, particularly on clouds, rain, and snow formation, were proven by modern science centuries later.
He argued against astrology and alchemy, specifically refuting the idea that metals could be transformed into gold or silver.
His medical achievements included advanced surgical methods such as cancer tumor removal, tracheotomies, and treatments for kidney stones.
Ibn Sina was an early pioneer in understanding the psychological effects of emotions such as fear, grief, and joy on physical health, and he studied these through early forms of psychoanalysis.
Transcripts
لقب بالشيخ الرئيس والمعلم الثالث بعد
ارسطو والفرابتشينو
[موسيقى]
الطبي لاطول فتره من الزمن وكان دائما
يقول الوهم نصف الداء والاطمئنان نصف
الدواء والصبر اول خطوات الشفاء لم يصرفه
اشتغاله بالعلم عن المشاركه في الحياه
العامه فقد تعايش مع مشكلات مجتمعه وتفاعل
مع ما يموج به من اتجاهات فكريه حتى انه
شارك في صنع نهضته العلميه
والحضاريه انه العالم المسلم الشهير ابو
علي الحس حسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن
علي بن سينا اشتهر ابن سينا بالطب
والفلسفه واشتغل بهما ولد في قريه افنش
الفارسيه قرب بخارا في اوزبكستان حاليا من
اب من مدينه بلخ افغانستان حاليا وام
قرويه سنه 370 هجريه نشا ابن سينا تنشئه
علميه ودينيه فحفظ القران ودرس علوم عصره
حتى اذا بلغ الع من عمره توفي والده فرحل
الى جرجان واقام بها مده والف كتابه
القانون في الطب ولكنه ما لبث ان رحل الى
هملان فحقق شهره كبيره حتى صار وزيرا
للامير شمس الدين البويهي الا انه لم يطل
به المقام بها اذ رحل الى اصفهان فحظي
برعايه اميرها علاء الدوله كان الابن سينا
ريادات في العديد من العلوم والفنون ففي
مجال علم الفلك استطاع ان يرصد مرور كوكب
الزهره عبر دائره قرص الشمس بالعين
المجرده وهو ما اقره الفلكي الانجليزي جير
ماروكس في القرن السابع عشر وفي علم طبقات
الارض الجيولوجيا يرى انها تكونت من طين
لزج خصب على طول الزمان وتحجر في مدد لا
تحصى من الزمن وكان يرى ايضا ان الارض
كانت في سالف الايام مغموره في البحار
وكتب عن السحب وكيف تكونها فيذكر انها
تولد من الابخره الرطبه اذا تصعد الحراره
فوافقت الطبقه البارده من الهواء فجوهر
السحاب بخاري متكاثف طاف الهواء فالبار
ماده السحب والمطر والثلج والطل والجليد
والسقيع وكلها حقائق علميه لم يثبتها
العلم الحديث الا بعد وفاه ابن سينا باكثر
من 900 عام اما في مجال الفيزياء فقد كان
ابن سينا من اوائل العلماء المسلمين الذين
مهدوا لعلم الديناميكا الحديثه بدراستهم
في الحركه وموضع الميل القصري والميل
المعاون واليه يرجع الفضل في وضع القانون
الاول للحركه وقد سبق اسحاق نيوتون باكثر
من سته قرون وجاليليو باكثر من خمس قرون
وليوناردو دافينشي باكثر من اربع قرون مما
يستحق معه ان ينسب اليه ذلك القانون الذي
كان له فضل السبق اليه قانون ابن سينا
للحركه والسكون وابتكر ابن سينا اله
استطاع من خلالها ان يلاحظ بدقه الفرق بين
سرعتي الضوء والصوت وهو ما توصل اليه
اسحاق نيوتون بعد اكثر من 600 سنه وكانت
له نظرياته في ميكانيكيه الحركه التي توصل
اليها جان بيردان في القرن الرابع عشر كما
اسهم ابن سينا بالعديد من المؤلفات في
الطب والفلسفه والموسيقى منها في الطب
كتاب القانون الذي ترجم وطبع عده مرات
والذي ظل يدرس في جامعات اوروبا حتى اواخر
القرن التاسع عشر تميزت اراء ونظريات ابن
سينا بالمسحه العقليه وانعكس ذلك على
افكاره ومؤلفاته فلم يكن ابن سينا يتقيد
بكل ما وصل اليه ممن سبقوه من النظريات
وانما كان ينظر اليها ناقدا ومحللا
ويعرضها على عقله وتفكيره وكان يقول ان
الفلاسفه يخطئون ويصيبون كسائر الناس وهم
ليسوا معصومين عن الخطا ولذلك حارب
التنجيم وبعض الافكار السائده في عصره في
بعض نواحي الكيمياء وخالف معاصريه ومن
تقدموا عليه الذين قالوا بامكان تحويل بعض
المواد الى الذهب والفضه وفسر ذلك بان لكل
عصر منها تركيبه الخاص الذي لا يمكن
تغييره بطرق التحويل المعروفه كان الابن
سينا معرفه جيده بالادويه وفعاليتها وقد
صنف الادويه في ست مجموعات وبخاصه كتابه
القانون الذي كان له اثر عظيم وقيمه علميه
كبيره بين علماء الطب والصيدله وبلغ عدد
الادويه التي وصفها في كتابه نحو 7 عقار
لقب ابن سينا بامير الاطباء فكان يعالج
مرضاه بالمجان بل انه كثيرا ما كان يقدم
لهم الدواء الذي يعده بنفسه وكان ابن سينا
سابقا لعصره في كثير من ملاحظاته الطبيه
الدقيقه فقد درس الاضطرابات العصبيه
والعوامل النفسيه والعقليه كالخوف والحزن
والقلق والفرح وغيرها واشار الى ان لها
تاثيرا كبيرا في اعضاء الجسم ووظائفه كما
استطاع معرفه بعض الحقائق النفسيه
والمرضيه عن طريق التحليل النفسي وفي علم
الجراحه كان ابن سينا جراحا بارعا فقد قام
بعمليات جراحيه ودقيقه للغايه مثل استئصال
الاورام السرطانيه في مراحلها الاولى وشق
الحنجره والقصبه الهوائيه واستئصال الخراج
من الغشاء البلوري بالرئه وعالج البواسير
بطريق الربط ووصف بدقه حالات النواسير
البوليه كما توصل الى طريقه مبتكره لعلاج
الناسور الشرجي التي لا تزال تستخدم حتى
الان وتعرض لحصه الكلى وشرح كيفيه
استخراجها والمحاذير التي يجب
مراعاتها اصاب جسده المرض واعتل حتى قيل
انه كان يمرض اسبوعا ويشفى اسبوعا واكثر
من تناول الادويه ولكن مرضه اشتد وعلم انه
لا فائده من العلاج اهمل نفسه وقال ان
المدبر الذي في بدء عجز عن تدبير بدني فلا
تنفعنا المعالجه واغتسل وتاب وتصدق بما
لديه من مال للفقراء واعتق غلمانه طلبا
للمغفره ليتوفى في يونيو 1077 ميلاديه
الموافق لشهر رمضان المبارك في سن ال8 من
عمره الف ابن سينا
276 كتابه كلها كتبت باللغه العربيه
باستثناء بضع مؤلف فات صغيره كتبها بلغته
الام الفارسيه الا انه وللاسف فقدت اكثر
هذه المؤلفات ولم تصل الينا ويوجد حاليا
68 مؤلفا منتشرا بين مكتبات الشرق والغرب
ولا تزال صوره ابن سينا تزين كبرى قاعات
كليه الطب بجامعه باريس حتى الان تقديرا
لعلمه واعترافا بفضله وسبقه وعلى مر
العصور حظي ابن سينا بتقدير واحترام
العلماء
والباحثين
ه
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