Pengembangan Desa & Pedesaan #kumer Geo Klas XII

Summary

This video, part of a geography series for 12th-grade students, discusses regional development and spatial planning, focusing on rural and village areas in Indonesia. It explores the meaning of 'village' (desa) from a historical and legal perspective, highlighting various local terms for 'village' across different regions. The video explains village characteristics, classification based on development levels, and the Village Development Index (IDM), covering economic, social, and environmental resilience. The distinctions between rural areas and villages, along with key village elements such as governance, are also discussed in depth.

Takeaways

• 🌍 The word 'Desa' in Indonesian originates from Sanskrit, meaning homeland or place of origin.
• 🏡 Different regions in Indonesia use various terms for 'village,' such as 'Gampong' in Aceh, 'Nagari' in Minangkabau, and 'Kampung' in Java.
• 📜 According to Law No. 6 of 2014, a village is a legal community unit with specific boundaries and authority to manage its own governance and societal needs.
• 🌱 Villages are primarily characterized by agricultural activities, with much of the surrounding land used for farming.
• 👥 Villages feature strong social systems, often driven by traditions, religion, and close-knit family or kinship ties.
• 🏞️ Villages tend to have small populations, with the primary focus on land and agriculture, leading to less urbanization.
• 🔑 The primary elements of a village include its territory, people, and governance system.
• 📊 The Village Development Index (IDM) is based on economic resilience, social resilience, and environmental resilience, used to classify villages.
• 🏘️ Villages are categorized into five levels of development: very underdeveloped, underdeveloped, developing, advanced, and independent.
• 🚜 Economic activities in villages typically revolve around primary sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing.

Q & A

What is the etymological origin of the word 'desa' in Indonesia?

The word 'desa' originates from Sanskrit, where 'Desi' means birthplace or homeland, and 'Deca' refers to a native place or ancestral land. It has been standardized in Indonesian as 'desa'.

How does the term 'desa' differ across regions in Indonesia?

Different regions in Indonesia have varying terms for 'desa'. For example, in Aceh it's called 'Gampong', in Sumatra it can be 'Nagari' or 'Marga', in Java it's 'Dusun', and in Bali it's 'Banjar'.

What is the legal definition of a 'desa' according to Indonesian law?

According to Indonesian Law No. 6 of 2014, a 'desa' is a legal community unit with defined territorial boundaries, authorized to manage its governance based on community initiatives, original rights, and traditional rights acknowledged within the Republic of Indonesia's government system.

What are the main characteristics of a desa, according to Bintarto?

Bintarto defines a 'desa' as a geographic entity influenced by physical, economic, political, and cultural elements, where its development is closely tied to its interactions with the surrounding environment.

How is 'pedesaan' different from 'desa'?

While 'desa' refers to a single legal community unit, 'pedesaan' refers to a broader rural area, encompassing multiple villages and focusing on agriculture and natural resource management. It doesn't have formal governance like a desa.

What are some characteristics of rural areas ('pedesaan') in Indonesia?

Rural areas ('pedesaan') in Indonesia are typically agricultural, with activities like farming and livestock being primary. They are influenced by land, climate, and water conditions, forming an agrarian lifestyle.

What factors contribute to the classification of a desa according to the Village Development Index (IDM)?

The Village Development Index (IDM) classifies villages based on three factors: economic resilience, social resilience, and environmental resilience. These parameters include aspects like diverse production, access to services, health, education, and environmental conditions.

What is a 'desa sangat tertinggal' according to IDM classification?

'Desa sangat tertinggal' is a very underdeveloped village facing poverty, social conflicts, and environmental challenges. Its IDM score is less than 0.4907, reflecting its inability to manage its resources.

How does a 'desa mandiri' differ from other desa classifications?

A 'desa mandiri' is an independent village capable of sustaining its development through strong social, economic, and environmental resilience. Its IDM score exceeds 0.8155, indicating a high level of self-sufficiency and technological advancement.

What are the differences between 'desa swadaya', 'desa swakarya', and 'desa swasembada'?

'Desa swadaya' is an isolated village dependent on agriculture, 'desa swakarya' has basic infrastructure and is transitioning economically, while 'desa swasembada' is near urban areas with diverse occupations, advanced infrastructure, and high social mobility.