Sistem Gerak | Rangka Manusia | Biologi Kelas XI

Desi Widya Pangestika
29 Oct 202011:32

Summary

TLDRThis lesson focuses on the human skeletal system, explaining how bones and muscles work together to allow movement. It details the structure and function of bones, emphasizing their role in support, protection of organs, and production of blood cells. The human skeleton is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton (which includes the skull, spine, and ribcage) and the appendicular skeleton (responsible for limb movement). The lesson highlights the scientific names of key bones and offers a fun song to help students remember them.

Takeaways

  • 🦴 Human movement relies on bones and muscles, with bones acting as passive movers.
  • 🔢 The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, each varying in size and shape.
  • 🛡️ Bones protect soft organs like the brain, lungs, and heart.
  • 💪 Bones provide attachment points for skeletal muscles to allow movement.
  • 🩸 The skeleton is a site for blood cell production (red, white blood cells, and platelets) and stores minerals and fat.
  • 🏗️ The human skeleton is divided into two parts: axial skeleton (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton (126 bones).
  • 💀 The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, providing structure and protection for vital organs.
  • 🧠 The skull is made up of cranial bones and facial bones, including the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones.
  • 📊 The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvis, crucial for movement and support.
  • 🦿 The lower limb bones like the femur, tibia, and fibula are essential for standing and walking.

Q & A

  • What allows the human body to stand upright?

    -The human body can stand upright because the skeleton supports it. The bones provide a structure that is moved by muscles, allowing standing and movement.

  • What is the main function of bones in the human body?

    -Bones serve multiple functions: they provide shape and posture to the body, protect soft organs, serve as muscle attachment points, aid in blood cell production, store minerals and fat, and contribute to the immune system.

  • How many bones are in an adult human skeleton?

    -An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones of various shapes and sizes.

  • What are the two main divisions of the human skeleton?

    -The human skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton (consisting of 80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (consisting of 126 bones).

  • What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

    -The axial skeleton includes the skull, inner ear bones, hyoid bone, vertebral column (spine), rib cage, and sternum (breastbone).

  • What bones make up the skull?

    -The skull consists of cranial bones (such as the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal bones) and facial bones (such as the maxilla, zygomatic, nasal, and mandible).

  • What are the three types of ribs in the human body?

    -The human body has three types of ribs: true ribs (7 pairs), false ribs (3 pairs), and floating ribs (2 pairs).

  • What is the function of the hyoid bone?

    -The hyoid bone, located between the larynx and the mandible, serves as an attachment point for muscles of the mouth and tongue, aiding in swallowing.

  • What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

    -The appendicular skeleton includes bones of the pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges), pelvic girdle (ilium, pubis, and ischium), and lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges).

  • What is the difference between the radius and ulna bones?

    -The radius is the bone in the forearm that is aligned with the thumb, while the ulna is aligned with the little finger.

Outlines

00:00

🦴 Human Skeletal System Overview

This paragraph introduces the human skeletal system, explaining how bones provide support and movement. It mentions that bones work in conjunction with muscles and that there are 206 bones in an adult human body. The paragraph outlines the functions of the skeletal system, including providing shape and posture, protecting vital organs, serving as attachment points for muscles, and facilitating the formation of blood cells. It also covers the storage of minerals and energy in the form of fat. The paragraph then delves into the two main categories of the human skeleton: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, ribs, and spine, and the appendicular skeleton, which encompasses the limbs and associated bones.

05:00

🌐 Detailed Components of the Axial Skeleton

This section provides a detailed breakdown of the axial skeleton, which consists of 80 bones. It includes the skull, the hyoid bone, the vertebrae, and the sternum. The skull is further divided into the cranial bones, which protect the brain, and the facial bones. The paragraph lists and describes specific cranial bones such as the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. It also mentions the bones of the face, including the maxilla, palate, zygomatic, and mandible. The paragraph continues with a description of the ear bones and their role in transmitting sound. The vertebrae are detailed, with the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions being discussed. The paragraph concludes with a description of the sternum and its protective role over the heart and lungs.

10:05

🤸‍♂️ The Appendicular Skeleton and Its Functions

The paragraph discusses the appendicular skeleton, which includes 126 bones and is responsible for movement and attachment of the limbs to the axial skeleton. It covers the bones of the pectoral girdle, such as the scapula and clavicle, and the bones of the upper limbs, including the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The paragraph also describes the bones of the pelvic girdle, which are the ilium, pubis, and ischium, and the bones of the lower limbs, such as the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges of the foot. The paragraph concludes with a song that summarizes the names of the bones in a memorable way.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Tulang

Tulang, or bone, is a fundamental part of the human body's movement system discussed in the video. It serves as passive support for the body, needing muscles to work in tandem to enable movement. The script highlights that there are 206 bones in an adult human, each playing a critical role in structure, protection, and mobility.

💡Rangka Aksial

Rangka Aksial, or axial skeleton, refers to the central structure of the human skeleton, consisting of 80 bones. These include the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, which are essential for protecting vital organs like the brain, heart, and lungs. The video discusses how these bones form the framework of the body and help maintain posture.

💡Rangka Apendikular

Rangka Apendikular, or appendicular skeleton, includes the bones of the limbs and girdles, totaling 126 bones. This part of the skeleton allows for a wide range of motion and supports the body's movement. The video explains that it comprises the pectoral and pelvic girdles, as well as the bones of the arms and legs, enabling activities like walking and lifting.

💡Tulang Tengkorak

Tulang Tengkorak, or skull bones, are essential for protecting the brain and forming the structure of the face. The script identifies different bones such as the frontal (forehead), parietal (top of the head), and maxilla (upper jaw). These bones also support sensory organs like the eyes and ears.

💡Tulang Belakang

Tulang Belakang, or vertebral column, consists of a series of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and provide structural support. The video breaks down the vertebrae into sections such as cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), and lumbar (lower back), each serving to maintain posture and flexibility while protecting the central nervous system.

💡Otot Rangka

Otot Rangka, or skeletal muscles, are muscles that attach to bones and work together to produce movement. These muscles are essential for voluntary actions like walking and running, as discussed in the video. Without the collaboration between bones and muscles, the body would not be able to perform physical tasks.

💡Fungsi Rangka

Fungsi Rangka, or skeletal functions, refer to the various roles the skeleton plays, such as providing structure, protecting internal organs, facilitating movement, and producing blood cells. The video emphasizes that bones store minerals like calcium and serve as a site for the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow.

💡Tulang Rusuk

Tulang Rusuk, or ribs, are part of the thoracic skeleton that protects the lungs and heart. The script mentions three types of ribs: true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs, each connecting to the spine in different ways. Their primary function is to safeguard the chest cavity while allowing for respiration.

💡Tulang Humerus

Tulang Humerus, or the humerus bone, is the long bone in the upper arm, connecting the shoulder to the elbow. The video highlights it as part of the appendicular skeleton, playing a significant role in arm movement. It works alongside other bones like the radius and ulna to perform tasks like lifting.

💡Sumsum Tulang

Sumsum Tulang, or bone marrow, is the soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. The video explains its dual function: red marrow is responsible for creating blood cells, while yellow marrow stores fat, providing an energy reserve. This highlights the skeleton's role beyond just support and movement.

Highlights

Introduction to the human skeletal system and its role in supporting posture and movement.

Bones are passive movement tools that work in collaboration with muscles to enable motion.

The human skeleton has 206 bones in adulthood, varying in shape and size.

Functions of the skeleton include providing structure, protecting vital organs, supporting muscle attachment, producing blood cells, storing minerals, and energy storage in yellow marrow.

The human skeleton is divided into two main parts: axial and appendicular skeletons.

The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones, including the skull, inner ear bones, hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.

The skull comprises 22 bones, divided into cranial and facial bones.

The inner ear bones—malleus, incus, and stapes—are responsible for transmitting sound.

The hyoid bone, located between the larynx and mandible, aids in swallowing by supporting tongue and mouth muscles.

The vertebral column has 33 vertebrae, classified into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal sections.

The sternum consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process, protecting the heart and lungs.

The ribcage has 12 pairs of ribs, divided into true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs.

The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones, including the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.

The upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges.

The lower limb bones include the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsal bones, metatarsals, and phalanges.

A total of 206 bones make up the human skeleton, essential for understanding human anatomy and movement.

Transcripts

play00:00

hai oh Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

play00:17

wabarakatuh Halo anak-anakku semuanya

play00:19

apa kabar kalian semoga dalam keadaan

play00:22

sehat walafiat ya Nah kali ini kita akan

play00:25

belajar tentang sistem gerak pada

play00:27

manusia tahukah kalian kenapa kita bisa

play00:33

berdiri dengan tegak Ya tentu saja

play00:36

karena tubuh kita itu ditopang oleh

play00:38

tulang ya Nah tulang ini sebenarnya

play00:41

adalah alat gerak pasif jadi harus

play00:44

bekerjasama dengan otot untuk

play00:47

menggerakkan tulang tulang kita sehingga

play00:49

kita bisa berjalan ataupun berlari

play00:51

sesuai dengan keinginan kita nah rangka

play00:55

manusia dewasa itu tersusun dari 206

play00:58

tulang dengan

play01:00

macam bentuk dan ukuran nah sebenarnya

play01:02

fungsi rangka itu apa sih Ada banyak

play01:05

sekali ya yang pertama jelas untuk

play01:07

memberikan bentuk dan postur tubuh ya

play01:10

jadi seseorang itu bisa terlihat pendek

play01:13

ataupun Tinggi karena susunan

play01:15

rangkaiannya kemudian juga untuk

play01:17

melindungi organ-organ yang lunak

play01:19

seperti otak paru-paru jantung dan lain

play01:22

sebagainya kemudian juga tempat

play01:24

melekatnya otot-otot rangka ya atau otot

play01:27

lurik ya kan nanti kita pelajari lebih

play01:30

lanjut ya kemudian sebagai tempat

play01:33

pembentukan sel-sel darah baik itu

play01:36

leukosit eritrosit ataupun trombosit ya

play01:39

kemudian juga sebagai tempat penyimpanan

play01:42

mineral ya dan juga tempat penyimpanan

play01:46

energi yaitu berupa simpanan lemak di

play01:48

sumsum kuning ya kemudian juga bisa

play01:51

sebagai fungsi imunologis ya yang

play01:54

menghasilkan sel-sel imunitas di dalam

play01:57

sumsum rangka to

play02:00

manusia itu dapat digolongkan menjadi

play02:02

dua kelompok yaitu rangka aksial atau

play02:05

rangka sumbu tubuh dan juga rangka

play02:08

apendikular atau rangka anggota gerak

play02:11

tubuh kita bahas dulu untuk rangka

play02:14

aksial atau rangka sumbu tubuh ya Nah

play02:17

rangka aksial itu memiliki 80 buah

play02:20

tulang yang terdiri dari tulang

play02:22

tengkorak kemudian ada tulang telinga

play02:25

dalam ada tulang hioid ada tulang

play02:28

belakang ya ada tulang dada dan juga

play02:31

tulang rusuk pada tulang tengkorak itu

play02:34

berjumlah duapuluh dua buah ya yang

play02:37

tersusun dari tulang kranial atau Tulang

play02:40

tempurung kepala dan juga ada tulang

play02:43

fasial atau wajah nah pada tulang

play02:45

kranial yaitu ada beberapa istilah

play02:48

tulang juga ya Ada OST frontal atau

play02:51

tulang dahi kemudian ada OST varietal

play02:54

atau tulang ubun-ubun ada oksipital

play02:56

yaitu tulang kepala belakang ada

play02:59

temporal

play03:00

tulang samping kebun ada sfenoid atau

play03:03

tulang baji juga ada etmoid yaitu tulang

play03:07

tapis Kemudian pada tulang fasial atau

play03:10

bagian wajah itu ada maksila atau rahang

play03:14

atas ada palatum yaitu langit-langit

play03:17

kemudian ada zygomatic yaitu tulang pipi

play03:20

adalah krim Alya itu tulang mata ada

play03:24

nasal yaitu tulang hidung ada mandibula

play03:27

yaitu tulang rahang bawah nah di dalam

play03:30

tengkorak itu juga terdapat tulang

play03:32

telinga dalam yang ukurannya itu kecil

play03:35

dan fungsinya untuk menerima input suara

play03:37

dan mentransmisikannya ya tulang telinga

play03:41

dalam ini Jumlahnya ada tiga pasang

play03:43

yaitu ada tulang malleus atau Tulang

play03:47

martil kemudian ada infus atau tulang

play03:50

landasan dan juga ada steps yaitu tulang

play03:53

sanggurdi selain itu juga ada tulang

play03:57

hioid yah yang berbentuk seperti

play04:00

uh dan terletak diantara laring dan

play04:03

mandibula yang fungsinya itu untuk

play04:05

melekatnya otot mulut dan lidah sehingga

play04:08

dapat membantu proses menelan Kemudian

play04:11

pada tulang belakang atau vertebrae itu

play04:15

juga ada beberapa tulang yang harus

play04:17

kalian pahami ada serviks atau tulang

play04:20

leher yang jumlahnya ada tujuh ruas

play04:23

kemudian ada toraks atau tulang punggung

play04:26

jumlahnya 12 ya kemudian ada lumbar atau

play04:30

tulang pinggang yang jumlahnya ada lima

play04:32

ruas kemudian ada sakral atau tulang

play04:35

kelangkang Ya ini jumlahnya satu namun

play04:38

pada saat bayi itu ada lima ya saat

play04:41

dewasa itu berfungsi atau bergabung

play04:44

menjadi satu kemudian ada koksigis atau

play04:47

tulang ekor ya yang jumlahnya satu namun

play04:50

pada saat bayi itu ada empat ya saat

play04:54

dewasa itu berfusi menjadi satu next ada

play04:57

tulang dada atau sternum Yaya

play05:00

atau fungsinya untuk melindungi organ

play05:02

seperti paru paru dan jantung nah tulang

play05:05

dada itu berbentuk pipih dan melebar ya

play05:08

serta jumlahnya ada satu buah namun

play05:10

dibagi menjadi tiga bagian bagian yang

play05:14

paling atas yaitu kepala tulang dada

play05:16

atau manubrium sterni ya kemudian ada

play05:19

corpus sterni atau badan tulang dada

play05:22

kemudian ada proses xiphoid atau tulang

play05:26

taju pedang ya selanjutnya ada tulang

play05:30

rusuk atau Costa yang jumlahnya itu ada

play05:34

12 pasang di sebelah kiri dan juga kanan

play05:37

nah tulang rusuk atau Costa ini dibagi

play05:40

menjadi tiga macam yang pertama itu ada

play05:43

tulang rusuk sejati atau Costa Vera ya

play05:47

yang jumlahnya itu ada tujuh pasang nah

play05:51

Costa Vera ini bagian ujung depannya

play05:53

melekat pada tulang dada sedangkan

play05:56

bagian belakangnya itu melekat pada

play05:57

ruas-ruas tulang belakang

play06:00

ujian Punggung Ya kemudian ada tulang

play06:02

rusuk palsu atau Costa spuria Ya

play06:06

jumlahnya itu ada tiga pasang nah bagian

play06:09

dari costas pria ini ya bagian ujung

play06:12

depannya itu melekat pada tulang rusuk

play06:15

di atasnya sedangkan pada bagian

play06:17

belakang itu melekat pada ruas tulang

play06:20

belakang di bagian punggung ya kemudian

play06:24

ada tulang rusuk melayang atau Costa

play06:27

fluctuantes itu terdiri dari dua pasang

play06:30

ya dan bagian ujung depannya itu tidak

play06:34

melekat pada tulang manapun sedangkan

play06:37

bagian belakangnya itu melekat pada ruas

play06:40

tulang belakang di bagian punggung next

play06:42

kita bahas untuk rangka apendikular atau

play06:45

rangka anggota gerak tubuh jadi rangka

play06:48

apendikular ini Jumlahnya ada 126 buah

play06:52

yang meliputi gelang bahu atau pectoral

play06:55

kemudian anggota gerak atas atau

play06:57

ekstremitas Superior ada

play07:00

ndang panggul atau pelvis dan juga

play07:02

anggota gerak bawah atau ekstremitas

play07:04

inferior Nah kita bahas untuk gelang

play07:08

bahu atau Factor Alya kalian lihat

play07:11

gambarnya ya itu tersusun dari dua

play07:14

tulang yaitu skapula atau tulang belikat

play07:18

dan juga ada klavikula yaitu tulang

play07:21

selangka Kemudian pada anggota gerak

play07:24

atas atau ekstremitas Superior itu ada

play07:28

humerus ya atau tulang pangkal lengan

play07:31

kemudian ada radius atau tulang

play07:34

pengumpil ya yang sejajar dengan ibu

play07:37

jari kemudian ada ulna atau tulang hasta

play07:40

itu yang berbentuk panjang dan juga

play07:44

sejajar dengan jari kelingkingnya jangan

play07:47

sampai ketuker antara di radius sama

play07:50

ulna kemudian ada karpal atau tulang

play07:52

pergelangan tangan ada metacarpal yaitu

play07:55

tulang telapak tangan dan juga ada

play07:58

falanges atau tool

play08:00

jari-jari tangan Kemudian pada gelang

play08:03

panggul atau pelvis itu terbagi lagi

play08:06

menjadi beberapa tulang ya yaitu ada

play08:09

tulang usus atau Ilium ada tulang

play08:12

kemaluan atau pubis dan juga ada tulang

play08:16

duduk atau icium next ada anggota gerak

play08:21

bawah atau ekstremitas inferior pada

play08:25

anggota gerak bawah itu terdiri dari

play08:27

femur atau tulang paha kemudian ada

play08:30

Tibia atau tulang kering ada fibula atau

play08:34

tulang betis kemudian ada patella atau

play08:38

Tulang tempurung lutut ya ada tarsal

play08:41

atau tulang pergelangan kaki ada

play08:43

metatarsal yaitu tulang telapak kaki dan

play08:47

juga ada flash atau tulang jari kaki Nah

play08:51

kalau misalkan kita Total semuanya itu

play08:53

ada 206 tulang Nah jadi saya harap

play08:57

kalian bisa memahami nama

play09:00

kimya atau nama ilmiah dari

play09:02

masing-masing tulang Nah untuk lebih

play09:06

memahami lagi tentang nama-nama ilmiah

play09:09

dari tulang Yuk kita simak lagu Skeleton

play09:13

berikut ini hasil karya dari kelas 11

play09:16

MIPA Putra Mari kita belajar sistem

play09:34

rangka manusia tanpa manusia ada dua

play09:40

bagian tanpa manusia ada dua bagian

play09:46

aksial Oh aksial pada di tengkorak dan

play09:51

di bagian musuh juga pulang belakang

play09:55

serta tulang dada itulah bagian

play10:00

sial pada apendikular itu bagian gelap

play10:05

ada di bagian atas juga bagian bawahnya

play10:10

frontal oksipital paling at all temporal

play10:16

maksila mandibula etno it nah should I

play10:21

go mati itu tengkorak sacred orang Sumba

play10:26

serviks juga koksigis itulah tulang

play10:31

belakang begini-begini lumpuh

play10:34

kostovertebral furia John juga

play10:37

fluctuantes manubrium sterni juga corpus

play10:43

sterni serta xiphoid proses itu tulang

play10:47

dada remote asal Tibia fibula dan

play10:52

patella metatarsal tentang lupa

play10:57

phalanges itu

play11:00

stagen dari kelapa Wah ada tulang gelang

play11:04

bahu janin kulaska pula tak lupa kerap

play11:09

atas umerus dan radius ulna metacarpal

play11:14

karpal serta faalangst puppies juga

play11:19

iskium tak lupa Ilium itu adalah tulang

play11:24

dari gelang panggul

play11:29

[Musik]

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Etiquetas Relacionadas
Human anatomySkeletal systemBone structureEducational lessonAxial skeletonAppendicular skeletonOsteologyBiology classBody movementBone function
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