DIRECT SPEECH | English writing lesson and exercises
Summary
TLDRIn this Crown Academy of English lesson, Andrew teaches direct speech writing rules and punctuation. He explains the use of reporting clauses, inverted commas, and capitalization in direct speech. Special rules for questions and exclamations are covered, along with advanced rules for interrupted direct speech. Andrew also introduces alternative reporting verbs and provides exercises to test understanding.
Takeaways
- 📝 Direct speech involves reporting the exact words someone says.
- 🗣️ The reporting clause usually comes before the direct speech, followed by a comma.
- 🔤 Direct speech is enclosed in inverted commas, with the first letter capitalized.
- ❗ When the reporting clause precedes a question or exclamation, use a question mark or exclamation mark before the closing inverted commas.
- ✍️ If the reporting clause follows the direct speech, a comma is placed before the closing inverted commas, not a full stop.
- 🔄 When the reporting clause is in the middle of direct speech, the second part starts with a small letter if it's the same sentence, or a capital letter if it's a new sentence.
- 📚 Other terms for inverted commas include speech marks, quotation marks, and quotes.
- 📖 Common reporting verbs for direct speech include 'replied', 'asked', 'commented', 'agreed', 'shouted', 'admitted'.
- 📝 Exercises at the end of the lesson help reinforce understanding of direct speech rules.
- 👨🏫 Andrew from Crown Academy of English presents the lesson, providing clear examples and explanations.
Q & A
What is the main subject of the grammar lesson in the transcript?
-The main subject of the grammar lesson is direct speech.
What is direct speech?
-Direct speech is when we report the exact words that somebody says.
What is the rule for punctuation when the reporting clause is before the direct speech?
-If the reporting clause is before the direct speech, a comma is written before the direct speech, and a full stop is written before the closing inverted commas.
How do you punctuate direct speech when it is a question?
-For direct speech that is a question, a question mark is written before the closing inverted commas instead of a full stop.
What changes in punctuation when the reporting clause is after the direct speech?
-When the reporting clause is after the direct speech, a comma is written before the closing inverted commas, and a full stop is written at the end of the reporting clause.
What is the special rule for reporting clauses that come after a question or exclamation in direct speech?
-When the reporting clause is after a question or exclamation, a question mark or exclamation mark is written before the closing inverted commas instead of a comma.
What is an advanced rule for writing direct speech when it is broken into two parts?
-If the direct speech is broken into two parts with the reporting clause in the middle, the second part starts with a small letter if it continues the same sentence, or a capital letter if it starts a new sentence.
What are some alternative names for inverted commas?
-Inverted commas are also called speech marks, quotation marks, or simply quotes.
What are some reporting verbs used for writing direct speech after the direct speech?
-Some reporting verbs used after direct speech include replied, asked, commented, agreed, shouted, admitted.
How does the lesson use exercises to reinforce learning?
-The lesson uses exercises to identify correctly written sentences involving direct speech, focusing on correct punctuation and structure.
What is the significance of the reporting clause's position relative to the direct speech in terms of punctuation?
-The position of the reporting clause relative to the direct speech determines whether a comma or a full stop is used before the closing inverted commas, and where the full stop is placed.
Outlines
📝 Introduction to Direct Speech
Andrew introduces a grammar and writing lesson on direct speech at Crown Academy of English. Direct speech is defined as reporting the exact words someone says. The lesson aims to teach the rules for writing direct speech, correct punctuation, and vocabulary. Andrew provides an example of direct speech, 'Let's go to the cinema,' and explains that it should be enclosed in inverted commas with a capital letter at the beginning and a full stop before the closing inverted commas. Special rules for questions and exclamations are also mentioned.
🗣️ Direct Speech with Reporting Clauses
This section discusses the placement of reporting clauses in relation to direct speech. When the reporting clause precedes the direct speech, a comma is used before the speech is enclosed in inverted commas. For questions and exclamations, a question mark or exclamation mark replaces the full stop before the closing inverted commas. Conversely, when the reporting clause follows the direct speech, a comma is placed before the closing inverted commas, and a full stop ends the reporting clause. Exceptions to these rules are highlighted, such as when the reporting clause is in the middle of the direct speech.
📚 Advanced Rules and Vocabulary
Andrew elaborates on advanced rules for direct speech, such as interrupting the direct speech with a reporting clause and then continuing with the rest of the speech. The lesson specifies that the second part of the speech should start with a small letter if it's the same sentence or a capital letter if it's a new sentence. Vocabulary for inverted commas, reporting verbs, and their usage in various contexts like books, newspapers, and reports is also covered. Examples of different reporting verbs like 'replied,' 'asked,' 'commented,' 'agreed,' 'shouted,' and 'admitted' are provided.
📖 Exercises and Lesson Conclusion
The lesson concludes with exercises to test understanding of direct speech rules. Four example sentences are provided, and learners must identify which are written correctly. The correct answers are explained, focusing on the use of commas, full stops, and question marks. Andrew invites viewers to subscribe and watch more videos on the channel, thanking them for their time and promising to see them soon.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Direct Speech
💡Reporting Clause
💡Inverted Commas
💡Punctuation
💡Capital Letter
💡Question Mark
💡Exclamation
💡Advanced Rule
💡Reporting Verbs
💡Exercise
Highlights
Introduction to direct speech in grammar and writing lessons.
Direct speech is reporting the exact words someone says.
Example of direct speech: 'Let's go to the cinema'.
Rules for writing direct speech include correct punctuation and vocabulary.
Reporting clause before direct speech requires a comma before the speech.
Direct speech must be enclosed in inverted commas with a capital first letter.
A full stop is placed before the closing inverted commas in direct speech.
Special rule for reporting clause before a question or exclamation.
Use of question mark or exclamation mark before closing inverted commas in questions or exclamations.
Reporting clause after direct speech uses a comma before closing inverted commas.
Reporting clause after a question or exclamation uses a question mark or exclamation mark before closing inverted commas.
Advanced rule for breaking up direct speech into two parts.
Second part of broken direct speech starts with a small letter if it's the same sentence.
Second part starts with a capital letter if it's a new sentence.
Inverted commas are also known as speech marks, quotation marks, or quotes.
Reporting verbs such as 'replied', 'asked', 'commented', 'agreed', 'shouted', 'admitted' are used after direct speech.
Exercises to test understanding of correctly written direct speech sentences.
Correct usage of commas and question marks in reported speech exercises.
Summary of the lesson and invitation to subscribe for more lessons.
Andrew from Crown Academy of English signs off and says goodbye.
Transcripts
hello everyone this is Andrew at Crown
Academy of English today we are doing a
grammar lesson a writing lesson and the
subject is direct speech so let's start
let's go to the cinema so if we want to
write what is happening here then this
is how we write it he said let's go to
the cinema and this is an example of
direct speech direct speech is when we
report the exact words that somebody
says so here the exact words are let's
go to the cinema so this is direct
speech in this lesson you will learn the
rules for writing direct speech also the
correct punctuation and also some
vocabulary to report direct speech and
finally at the end of the lesson there
are some exercises ok so let's start
first of all reporting clause before the
direct speech example he said let's go
to the cinema ok so here in blue this is
the reporting clause ok so this is the
verb where we are describing where we
are reporting the direct speech ok so he
said and
as you can see in this example it is
before the direct speech he said is
before the direct speech so the rules
are if the reporting clause is before
the direct speech then the first rule we
write a comma before the direct speech
this is the comma so we must write this
comma and then we write the exact words
inside the inverted commas so these are
the inverted commas these little lines
above the words okay so this is the
opening these are the opening inverted
commas these are the closing inverted
commas and we write the exact words
inside the inverted commas and also the
first letter of the direct speech is a
capital letter so is a big letter here
so the L here is a capital letter and
finally we write a full stop before the
closing inverted commas here so we write
a full stop at the end of the direct
speech and before the closing inverted
commas okay so a full stop is a dot on
the bottom on the line of the text full
stop is British English in American
English they call it a period okay but
it's the same thing
okay now there is a special rule for a
reporting clause before a question or an
exclamation so again we have this time
he asked do you want to go to the cinema
so this is a question and here is an
exclamation he shouted hurry up
so an exclamation is when we say
something when we are excited or when we
are shouting again if the reporting
clause is before the question or
exclamation which it is here this is the
reporting clause before question and
here is a reporting clause before an
exclamation so the rules well the first
rules are the same
okay nothing changes here we write a
comma before the direct speech here and
here again we write the exact words
inside the inverted commas inverted
commas are here and here these are the
exact words
and the first letter again is a capital
letter capital D capital H but what
changes is for the question we write a
question mark before the close the
closing inverted commas okay here the
question mark so we don't write a full
stop we write a question mark or an
exclamation mark before the closing
inverted commas here so it is not a full
stop we write an exclamation mark okay
reporting clause after the direct speech
let's go to the cinema he said so if the
reporting clause is after the direct
speech like here he said is now after
the direct speech then the rules are
again we write the exact words inside
the inverted commas okay that's the same
again the first letter is a capital
letter capital letter L but this is
different this time we write a comma
before the closing inverted commas okay
here this is a comma it is not a full
stop that is important okay although it
is the end of the speech we write a
comma
and we write a full stop at the end of
the reporting clause so the full stop is
here okay so it's a slightly difference
when the reporting clause is after the
direct speech the different reporting
clause after a question or exclamation
do you want to go to the cinema
he asked hurry up he shouted if the
reporting clause is after a question or
exclamation like it is here the
reporting clause he asked is after a
question and here the reporting clause
is after the exclamation the rules are
we write the exact words inside the
inverted commas okay the first letter is
a capital letter a capital D and a
capital H and this time we write a
question mark before the closing
inverted commas here so we do not write
a comma we write a question mark
or an exclamation mark before the
closing inverted commas here so again we
do not write a comma because it is an
exclamation so we write an exclamation
mark so these are exceptions these are
the only times when we do not write a
comma when it is a reporting clause
after the direct speech okay
and finally we write the full stop at
the end of the reporting clause advanced
rule there is an advanced rule sometimes
we want to break up the direct speech
into two parts example if you want to go
to the cinema she said then call me so
we have two parts of the direct speech
here and here and in the middle is the
reporting clause so here we have put the
reporting clause in the middle of the
direct speech and there is a special
rule for this the second part of the
direct speech starts with a small letter
if it is the same sentence as the first
part of the direct speech small letter
okay so here we do not write a capital
letter because then call me is the same
sentence as the first part okay because
the complete sentence is
if you want to go to the cinema then
call me this is the same sentence so we
write a small letter here okay and as
before don't forget there is a comma
here and there is a comma here okay at
the end of the reporting clause and a
full stop here so this is an exception
but another example I'm tired
she said let's stay at home here is the
reporting clause in the middle but this
time the second part of the direct
speech starts with a capital letter if
it is a new sentence so capital letter L
and it is because I'm tired is a
complete sentence and let's stay at home
is a new sentence okay so we start with
a capital letter
but the commas stay because I don't
forget to write the comma here and the
comma here okay that is still the same
so although I'm tired is a complete
sentence we still write the comma okay
that's important so this is an advanced
rule vocabulary so what are these well
we have already seen that they are
called inverted commas they are inverted
commas but there are some other words
for them they are also called speech
marks or quotation marks or simply
quotes quotes okay so there are four
different ways of naming them I prefer
inverted commas but you know you can
choose you can choose which one you want
to call them there are some other
reporting verbs which are useful so here
are some other useful reporting verbs
they are often used for writing direct
speech in books newspapers and reports
it is more common to use them in
reporting clauses after the direct
speech okay after the direct speech so
we have the verb reply and this is the
past simple form replied asked asked
comment commented agree agreed shout
shouted admit admitted and there are
others that these are very common ones
so for an example I really don't like
her dress she commented I don't love you
anymore
he admitted okay so here we have used
some different reporting verbs to write
direct speech and we have put the
reporting clauses after the direct
speech okay
exercise which of the following
sentences are written correctly example
Marc said I don't want to go to school
today
so here are two sentences only one
sentence is correct which sentence is
correct and the answer is the second
sentence is correct because there needs
to be a comma here
question one I have never been to New
York she said so which sentence is
correct
the answer is the second sentence is
correct question two he said we had a
fantastic holiday last year so which
sentence is correct
the answer is the first sentence is
correct
question 3 yes they played very well
mark replied so which sentence is
correct the answer is the second
sentence is correct and question 4 this
is the last question have you ever been
to New York she asked so on question
four there are three sentences and only
one sentence is correct so which of
these three sentences is correct the
answer is the second sentence because
there must be a question mark before the
closing inverted commas okay so that is
the end of the lesson I hope you enjoyed
it if you want to subscribe you can
click here on the screen and here are
some other videos which you might be
interested in watching so to start the
video simply click on the screen okay my
name is Andrew at Crown Academy of
English thanks for watching and I will
see you very soon bye bye
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