Contemporary Global Governance | D11A (Group 4)
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses global governance, focusing on its institutions like the UN, ICC, and World Bank. It explains the UN's formation post-WWII, its purposes, principles, and principal organs. It also highlights the UN's role in maintaining peace, promoting human rights, and addressing global issues like poverty and climate change, emphasizing the need for effective global cooperation.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Global governance is a movement that coordinates diverse actors to address global issues and provide public goods like peace, security, and functioning markets.
- 🏛️ The United Nations (UN), founded in 1945, is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, promote friendly relations among nations, and encourage social progress and human rights.
- 👨⚖️ The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and tries individuals charged with the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, including genocide and war crimes.
- 🏦 The World Bank is a major source of funding and knowledge for developing countries, focusing on reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
- 📜 Global governance can be defined as the process of creating laws, rules, and regulations for a global scale, managing global processes without a global government, and forming international consensus on guidelines and agreements.
- 🌍 The UN was formed in response to the failures of the League of Nations and the devastation of World War II, with the aim of preventing future conflicts.
- 🔄 The purposes of the UN include maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving cooperation on international issues, promoting human rights, and serving as a center for harmonizing national actions.
- 🌟 The UN operates on five basic principles: sovereign equality of all member states, prohibition of the use of force, fulfilling obligations in good faith, ensuring non-members act in accordance with the charter, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction except to enforce peace.
- 🏢 The principal organs of the UN include the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
- 🔑 The General Assembly is central to the UN, making key decisions on international peace and security, development, human rights, and international law.
- 🛡️ The Security Council plays a leading role in determining threats to peace and can impose sanctions or authorize the use of force to maintain international peace and security.
Q & A
What is the primary goal of global governance?
-The primary goal of global governance is to address gaps in the international system for managing complex issues and to engage stakeholders on practical steps for collective problem-solving.
What are the three main institutions under global governance mentioned in the script?
-The three main institutions under global governance mentioned in the script are the United Nations (UN), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the World Bank.
What was the main goal of the League of Nations?
-The main goal of the League of Nations was to create world peace.
What was the Atlantic Charter and why was it significant?
-The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration by the United States and the United Kingdom, which outlined idealistic goals for the world after World War II. It was significant as it laid the groundwork for the principles that would later be embodied in the United Nations.
How many countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference?
-Initially, 26 different countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference.
What were the key outcomes of the Dumbarton Oaks Conference?
-The Dumbarton Oaks Conference resulted in proposals for a world organization that became the basis for the United Nations. However, it did not provide a complete blueprint, as it failed to agree on crucial questions such as the voting system of the proposed Security Council.
What did the Yalta Conference resolve that the Dumbarton Oaks Conference had not?
-The Yalta Conference resolved issues regarding the voting system of the proposed Security Council and the membership provisions for the constituent republic of the Soviet Union, which were not agreed upon in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference.
What are the five purposes of the United Nations?
-The five purposes of the United Nations are: 1) To maintain international peace and security, 2) To develop friendly relations among nations, 3) To achieve cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems, 4) To promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, and 5) To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in achieving these ends.
What are the five basic principles underlying the United Nations?
-The five basic principles underlying the United Nations are: 1) Sovereign equality of all member states, 2) No member shall use force or threaten force against the territory or political independence of any state, 3) All member states pledge to fulfill their obligations under the Charter in good faith, 4) The UN shall ensure that non-members act in accordance with the principles of the Charter, and 5) The UN shall not intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.
What are the six principal organs of the United Nations?
-The six principal organs of the United Nations are: 1) The General Assembly, 2) The Security Council, 3) The Economic and Social Council, 4) The Trusteeship Council, 5) The International Court of Justice, and 6) The Secretariat.
What is the role of the International Court of Justice within the United Nations?
-The International Court of Justice settles legal disputes submitted to it by states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.
Outlines
🌐 Introduction to Global Governance
Global governance is a concept that involves multiple actors to coordinate collective action on a planetary scale. It aims to address gaps in the international system for managing complex issues and engages stakeholders in practical problem-solving. It also provides global public goods like peace, security, justice, conflict mediation, functioning markets, and unified standards for trade and industry. The paragraph introduces three key institutions under global governance: the United Nations (UN), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the World Bank. The UN, founded in 1945, maintains international peace and security, promotes friendly relations, social progress, and human rights. The ICC investigates and prosecutes individuals charged with the most serious crimes. The World Bank provides funding and knowledge for developing countries, focusing on poverty reduction and sustainable development.
🏛️ Origins and Purposes of the United Nations
The United Nations was established after World War II with the aim of maintaining international peace and security. The paragraph discusses the failure of the League of Nations, which was created after World War I to prevent future conflicts but failed due to countries leaving the organization. It then describes key conferences that led to the formation of the UN: the Atlantic Charter, which outlined post-war goals; the Arcadia Conference, where 26 countries signed the Declaration by United Nations to defeat totalitarianism; and the Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta Conferences, which resolved issues regarding the structure of the UN. The paragraph concludes with the five purposes of the UN: maintaining peace and security, developing friendly relations, solving international problems, promoting human rights, and serving as a center for harmonizing national actions.
📜 Basic Principles and Principal Organs of the United Nations
The United Nations operates on five basic principles: sovereign equality of all member states, prohibition of the use of force, fulfilling obligations in good faith, ensuring non-members act according to UN principles, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction except to enforce peace. The paragraph outlines the six principal organs of the UN: the General Assembly, which makes decisions on international issues; the Security Council, which leads in maintaining peace and security; the Economic and Social Council, which addresses economic and social issues; the Trusteeship Council, which supervises the administration of trust territories; the International Court of Justice, which settles legal disputes; and the Secretariat, which carries out the day-to-day work of the organization under the leadership of the Secretary-General.
🔍 Challenges Faced by the United Nations
The final paragraph addresses the challenges faced by the United Nations in its quest to maintain international peace and security. It emphasizes the role of the Security Council in conflict prevention and the need for the UN to act as a mediator to create conditions for peace. The paragraph suggests that the effectiveness of the UN in achieving lasting peace depends on the cooperation and reinforcement of its various acts and organs working together.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Global Governance
💡United Nations (UN)
💡International Criminal Court (ICC)
💡World Bank
💡Global Public Goods
💡International System
💡Collective Problem Solving
💡Sovereignty
💡Declaration by United Nations
💡Charter of the United Nations
💡Peace and Security
Highlights
Global governance is a movement that coordinates collective action at a planetary level.
Global governance aims to manage complex issues and engage stakeholders for problem-solving.
Global governance provides global public goods like peace, security, and conflict resolution.
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945.
The UN's primary aim is to maintain international peace and security.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and tries individuals for the most serious crimes.
The World Bank is a major source of funding and knowledge for developing countries.
Global governance is defined as the process of designing laws and regulations for a global scale.
Global governance involves the management of global processes without a global government.
Global governance is an international process of consensus forming that affects national governments.
The League of Nations was created after World War I with the goal of world peace but ultimately failed.
The Atlantic Charter was created to set new idealistic goals for the world after World War II.
The United Nations was formed with the goal of preventing the recurrence of global conflicts like World War II.
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference formulated proposals for a world organization that became the basis for the UN.
The Yalta Conference resolved issues from the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and proposed a trusteeship system.
The purposes of the UN include maintaining international peace, developing friendly relations, and solving economic and social problems.
The UN's five basic principles include sovereign equality of states, prohibition of force, and non-intervention in domestic jurisdiction.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.
The General Assembly is the heart of the UN where key decisions affecting member states are made.
The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
The Economic and Social Council is tasked with promoting higher standards of living and economic and social progress.
The Trusteeship Council was established to supervise the administration of trust territories.
The International Court of Justice settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on legal questions.
The Secretariat is responsible for the day-to-day work of the UN and is headed by the Secretary-General.
The UN faces challenges in being an effective channel for achieving lasting peace and security.
Transcripts
[Music]
global governance is a term used to
describe a movement that brings together
diverse actors
to coordinate collective athlete at the
level of the planet
good day we are from group 4 and we will
be tackling about global governance its
institutions and the different
definitions and even the role of the
united nations in global governance
so what is global governance global
governance examined the gaps in the
international system for managing
complex issues
and to engage stakeholders on practical
steps for collective problem solving
global governance also provides global
public goods
particular peace and security justice
and mediation system for conflict
functioning markets and unified
standards for trade in industry
under global governance there are three
institutions
[Music]
the first one is the united nation or
u.n
the united nations is founded in 1945
after the second world war
it is an intergovernmental organization
that aims to maintain international
peace and security
developing friendly relations among
nations and promoting social progress
better leaving standards and human
rights
um the second institution is the
international criminal court or icc
icc investigates and where warranted
tries individuals charged with the
gravest crimes of concern
to the international community these
crimes
are genocide war crimes crimes against
humanity
and the crime of aggression the last one
is the word that
the world bank is one of the largest
sources of funding and knowledge for
developing countries
of their five institutions in world
black they share a commitment to
reducing poverty
increasing shared prosperity and
promoting sustainable development
although assisting financially in big
scale
they primarily cater to middle-income
and low-income countries
so the next part is the different
definitions of global governance
having different perspectives global
governance can be defined
in numerous ways
[Music]
global governance is the process of
designating laws
or rules or regulations intended for a
global scale
it means that there is acceleration of
worldwide interdependence
both between human societies and between
humankind
and the biosphere moreover global
governance
is used to designate all regulations
intended for organization
and centralization of human societies
and
in that sense it is also the management
of global processes
in the absence of a global government
according to thomas juvies global
governance refers to concrete
cooperative problem-solving arrangements
many of which increasingly involve not
only the united nations of
states but also other namely
international secretariats and other
non-state
actors furthermore it refers
to the way in which global affairs are
managed which correspondingly explains
that global governance is also an
international process
of consensus forming which generates
guidelines and agreements
that affect national government and
international cooperation
global governance is not a singular
system that governs the whole world
but the various systems of global
governance have similarities
that is why it can be said that global
governance
is not a world government in a book
entitled modern organizational
governance
global governance pertains to the
political interaction that is required
to solve problems
that affect more than one state or
region when there is no power to enforce
compliance
this definition can be taken in the
context of the various state governments
having legitimate monopoly
on the use of force on the power of
enforcement
let us now proceed to the united nations
so now i will be discussing the
background and how the united nations
was formed
and it all started with a horrible war
called
world war one all of the world's super
powers were at it and it was supposed to
be the code
wars to end all wars so what is the main
goal of the league of nations
the main goal of the league of nations
was to create
world peace however it ended up failing
because some countries left the league
and caused it to crumble as it
ultimately failed to prevent
what became known as world war ii
ladies and gentlemen world war
ii was the world's worst history as it
took many lives so let us now proceed to
the pre-conference
two of the allies the united states and
the united kingdom
led the way in august 1941. the american
president
franklin roosevelt and the british prime
minister
winston churchill met up in newfoundland
to create atlantic charter one of the
conference that i will be discussing is
the atlantic charter
it stated new idealistic goals for the
world
after the war was over
and there are agreements under the
atlantic charter
and these are the followings first
their countries seek no expansion
territorial or
others second they desire to see no
territorial changes
third they must respect the right of all
peoples
fourth they will respect and pursue to
have equal terms
fifth to bring out the fullest
collaboration between all nations
sixth is the hope to see establish peace
which will afford to all nations seven
to enable the people to traverse the
high seas and oceans without him runs
and lastly to abandon the use of force
for violence on new year's day 1942
at the arcadia conference in washington
dc
26 different countries from around the
world agreed to sign the declaration
by the united nations the document
pledged that the 26 countries
that pay the quote being formed the
united states
united kingdom soviet union and china
would join forces to defeat
totalitarianism
specifically hitlerism
by the end of world war ii 21 countries
had agreed to the declaration
and even former friends of the axis
powers wished to sign the declaration
but not allowed to moreover
europe and pacific ocean heads of states
diplomats generals and government
officials
met several times with the goal of
creating another
international organization to keep the
peace
and that is the dumberton conference the
dumberton oaks conference in 1944 was
held in dumberton oaks in a mansion
georgetown in washington d.c where
representative of china
soviet union the united states and the
united kingdom
formulated proposals for a world
organization
that became the basis for the united
nations
the dumberton oaks proposals in this
matter did not
furnish a complete blueprint for the
united nations to which they have failed
to provide an
agreement on crucial questions such as
the voting system
of the proposed security council and the
membership provisions for the constitute
republic of the soviet union
thus another conference was held which
is the yalta conference
the third conference that i will be
discussing is the yalta conference in
crimea
the yalta conference held on 1945
resolved the issues on the dumberton
oaks conference
moreover this conference resulted in the
proposal of a trusteeship system
under the new agency to take the place
of league of nations mandate system
the proposals on this conference
supplemented the foreign basis
of negotiations at the san francisco
conference
out of which became the charter of the
united nations in 1945
so the next part that we are going to
talk about are the purposes of the
united nations
originally there are only four purposes
of united nations but we can separate
one into two
which makes it five
so the first purpose of the united
nation is to maintain international
peace and security
an example of this was when the united
nations security council took action
with the north korea's
nuclear and missile activities by
adopting nine sanctioned
resolutions against north korea in order
to maintain peace and security among
other nations
second purpose of united nation is to
develop friendly relations among nations
based on equal rights and
self-determination of people and to take
other appropriate measures to strengthen
peace
an example of this is every time they
held a convention to strengthen
peace among nations third purpose
of the united nations is to achieve
cooperation in solving international
economic social cultural and
humanitarian problems
an example of this could be their
projects to deliver humanitarian aid to
people that are hungry
sick and a chatter the fourth purpose
of the united nations is to promote and
encourage respect for human rights
and fundamental freedom for all without
distinctions to race
sex language or religion an example of
this
is through their conventions that are
held to promote human rights
another example of this is when the
united nations launched a comprehensive
review
on the philippine drug war the last
purpose of united nation
is to be the center for harmonizing the
actions
of the nation in achieving these ends an
example of this
could be when the united nations
mobilized a global fight against kovite
19.
[Music]
there are five basic principles
underlying the united nations
the first basic principle is all member
states are sovereign and equal
the security council under the united
nations develops friendly international
relations
that respect the sovereign equality of
its members
this deals with the right of each
country to decide for their own
government which may relate to the
questions of independence
autonomy elections and the legitimacy of
governments
the second basic principle is in all
international relations no member shall
use
force or threaten force against the
territory and political independence of
any state or behave in a manner
inconsistent
with the purposes of the united nations
the foundational treaty of the united
nations
also known as the charter prohibits the
threat or use of
force and calls on all members to
respect the sovereignty
territorial integrity and political
independence of
other states this covers some instances
in the context of inter or
interest state violence war or other
territorial conflicts
the third basic principle is all member
states pledge
to fulfill their obligations under the
charter in good faith
the charter states that members are
obliged to give
assistance to the united nations and
refrain from assisting states targeted
with preventive or enforcement
action this features some instances such
as calls for refraining from actions
that could be considered as providing
assistance
to estate underground action
the fourth basic principle is as if it's
necessary to preserve
peace and security the united nations
shall ensure
that countries which are not members act
in accordance with the principles of the
charter
the charter states that the organization
needs to ensure that non-united nations
members
act in accordance with its principles
this covers instances where the security
council had
addressed itself to non-members of the
united nations
the fifth basic principle is the united
nations
shall not intervene in matters which are
essentially within the domestic
jurisdiction of any state
except when it's acting to enforce peace
the charter states that the united
nations has no authority
to intervene in domestic affairs of any
state
while this principle shall not prejudice
the application of enforcement measures
this covers those cases where this
principle of non-intervention
by the united nations was raised and the
authority of the council
to involve itself in a particular
situation was questioned
[Music]
so the next part that we are going to
talk about are the principal organs of
the united nations
basically there are six principal organs
of the united nations
first the general assembly second the
security council
third the economic and social council
fourth is the trusted sheep council
fifth is the international court of
justice six
is the secretariat and my group mates
will
elaborately discuss each of the
principal organs of the united nations
and here is karen to discuss about the
first principle organ
of the united nations
[Music]
the general assembly was created in 1945
it is the heart of the united nations
because this is where key decisions are
made
that affect member states the general
assembly comprises 193 member states
where remembered countries have an equal
voice in decision making
in subjects about international peace
and security
including development these are men
human rights international law and the
peaceful arbitration
of disputes between nations it also
appoints the united nations secretary
general and elects the non-permanent
members of the security council
there are more than 500 treaties that
have been created under the assembly
such as the universal declaration of
human rights back in 1948
the sustainable development goals back
in 2015
this serves as a path to eradicate
poverty and address climate change by
the year of 2013.
the general assembly also featured a
signing ceremony
for the new treaty to prohibit nuclear
weapons
u and reform climate change preventing
sexual exploitation
and abuse and women's economic
empowerment
the security council takes the lead in
determining the existence of a threat
to the peace or or of aggression
it calls upon the parties to a dispute
to settle it by peaceful means and
recommends methods of adjustments
or terms of settlement in some cases
the security council can restart
imposing sanctions or even authorize the
use
of force to maintain or restore
international peace and security
security council also has 15 members
10 non-permanent and five permanent
members with better power
the china the russian federation united
kingdom of great britain
and northern ireland and the united
states of america
the economic and social council was
established by the united nations
charter
in 1945 which was amended in 1965 and
1974
to increase the number of members from
18 to 54.
the council was designed to be the
united nations main value
for the discussion of international
economic and social issues
they are the one who is responsible for
promoting higher standards of living
full employment economic and social
progress
identifying the solutions of
international economic
social and health problems facilitating
international cultural
educational cooperation and encouraging
universal respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms
[Music]
next is the trusteeship council the
transit ship council was one of the main
organizations of the united nations
and was established to supervise the
administration
of trust territories as they
transitioned from colonies to sovereign
nations
under the charter the jersey ship
council is authorized
to examine and discuss reports from the
administering authority
on the political economic social and
educational advancement
of people of trust territories
in consultation with the administering
authority
to examine petitions from the undertake
periodic and other special mission
to trust territories
international court of justice was
established in june 1945
by the charter of the united nations and
began work in april 1946
the seat of the court is at the peace
palace in the hague netherlands
of the six principal organs of united
nations
it is the only one not located in new
york
the court's role is to settle in
accordance with international law
legal disputes admitted to it by the
states and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions
referred to it by the
authorized united nations organs and
specialized agencies
the international court of justice has
jurisdiction in two types of cases
contentious cases between states in
which the court produces binding
rulings between states that agree to
submit
to the rolling of the heart and advisory
opinions which provide reason
but non-binding ruling on properly
submitted questions to
international law usually at the request
of united nations general assembly
[Music]
so the last principle of oregon of the
united nations which i will talk all
about
is the secretariat this is one of the
main organs of united nation which is
organized along the department alliance
with each department or office having a
distinct area of action
and responsibility offices and
departments coordinate
with each other to ensure cohesion as
they carry out the day-to-day work
of the organization in offices and duty
stations around the world at the head of
united nation secretariat
is a secretary general
[Music]
as an organization that primarily aims
the maintenance of
international peace and security the
united nations is also faced with
challenges
[Music]
the biggest question is how can the
united nations be an effective channel
to attain lasting peace and security in
the world
as further discussed a while ago there
are organs of the united nations that
work in order to prevent conflicts
primarily the security council the
united nations can become an effective
medium to achieve lasting peace and
security in the world
because they are the organization that
acts as a middleman
in helping parties in conflict make
peace creating the conditions to prompt
the upholding and flourishing of peace
these acts reinforced by the united
nations
in order to be an effective measure work
together and reinforce
one another
[Music]
you
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