What is Hezbollah and how is it linked to the Israel-Gaza war? | Start Here
Summary
TLDREl grupo libanés Hezbollah, con fuertes lazos con Irán, ha sido central en el conflicto de Líbano y ha desempeñado múltiples roles: movimiento religioso y político, y grupo armado. Originado durante la guerra civil libanesa, se fortaleció con el apoyo iraní para resistir la ocupación israelí. Hoy en día, es un actor clave en la política libanesa y en el eje de la resistencia iraní, implicado en conflictos regionales como la guerra en Siria, manteniendo tensión con Israel y cuestionado por su influencia y acciones dentro de Líbano.
Takeaways
- 🇱🇧 Hezbollah es un grupo libanés que ha vuelto a estar en los titulares debido a intercambios intensos de fuego de cohetes entre las fronteras de Israel y Líbano.
- 🔥 Aunque algunos países clasifican a Hezbollah como un grupo terrorista, está profundamente integrado en la política y la sociedad libanesas, siendo más poderoso incluso que el ejército libanés.
- 🕋 El nombre Hezbollah significa 'partido de Dios', y aunque es un movimiento religioso con mayoría chiíta, no todos los musulmanes chiítas en Líbano apoyan a Hezbollah.
- 🏛️ Además de ser un movimiento religioso y armado, Hezbollah también es un partido político con miembros en el parlamento libanés y ministros en el gabinete.
- 👥 Hezbollah afirma tener 100,000 combatientes, aunque expertos sugieren que el número es probablemente inferior, entre 20,000 y 50,000.
- 🤫 La organización es secretiva y su membresía puede incluir a personas que trabajan en bancos, escuelas u otros sectores sin que lo parezca.
- 📢 Hassan Nasrallah, un clérigo chiíta, ha liderado a Hezbollah durante más de 30 años y, aunque es poco visto en público, su imagen es prominente en áreas donde el apoyo a Hezbollah es fuerte.
- 🇮🇷 Hezbollah tiene conexiones estrecha con Irán y algunos expertos lo ven como parte de las fuerzas armadas iraníes, especialmente el Cuerpo de la Guardia Revolucionaria Islámica (IRGC).
- 📈 La surgencia de Hezbollah se debe a varios factores, incluyendo la marginalización de la comunidad chiíta en Líbano, la revolución islámica de 1979 en Irán y la invasión israelí de Líbano en 1982.
- 🔄 A lo largo de los años, Hezbollah ha evolucionado de una milicia en la sombra a un actor político importante, estableciendo un partido político y asumiendo roles en el gobierno de Líbano.
- 🔫 La retención de armas por parte de Hezbollah después de la guerra civil de Líbano y su papel en el conflicto con Israel ha sido fuente de conflicto y preocupación dentro del país.
- 🌍 Hezbollah es parte de la red de grupos conocida como 'Eje de la Resistencia', apoyada por Irán para expandir su influencia en la región, incluyendo a grupos en Irak, Siria, Gaza y Yemen.
Q & A
¿Qué es Hezbollah y qué significa su nombre?
-Hezbollah es un grupo libanés que se ha vuelto prominente en los titulares debido a intercambios intensos de fuego de cohetes entre las fronteras de Israel y Líbano. Su nombre significa 'partido de Dios', aunque no se trata únicamente de un grupo religioso sino que es una combinación de movimiento religioso, partido político y grupo armado.
¿Cómo se relaciona Hezbollah con Irán y cuál es su conexión?
-Hezbollah está muy cerca de Irán y algunos expertos lo caracterizan como parte de las fuerzas armadas de Irán, específicamente de la Guardia Revolucionaria Islámica (IRGC). La misión y lealtad de sus miembros están dirigidos a servir los intereses de Irán.
¿Cuál es el origen de Hezbollah y cómo surgió en la escena política?
-Hezbollah surgió durante la guerra civil libanesa en los años 80, en medio del caos de la lucha entre diferentes facciones, incluyendo el grupo palestino PLO. Alineado con la ideología revolucionaria de Irán, comenzó a luchar contra la ocupación israelí, recibiendo entrenamiento, financiamiento y armas de Irán.
¿Cuál fue el rol de Hezbollah durante la guerra civil de Líbano?
-Durante la guerra civil de Líbano, que duró hasta 1990, Hezbollah se definía principalmente como una fuerza de resistencia contra la ocupación israelí. Utilizaba tácticas como asesinatos, secuestros, atentados suicidas y bombardeos de alto perfil.
¿Cómo ha evolucionado Hezbollah desde el final de la guerra civil de Líbano?
-Tras la guerra civil, Hezbollah evolucionó de una milicia sombría a un poderoso intermediario político, formando un partido político que ganó sus primeros escaños parlamentarios en 1992 y se convirtió en una voz prominente para la comunidad chií de Líbano.
¿Qué servicios sociales proporciona Hezbollah en las áreas que controla?
-Hezbollah actúa como un estado dentro del estado en Líbano, proporcionando una variedad de servicios sociales en las áreas que controla, incluyendo salud, educación y programas para jóvenes. Incluso ofrece tarjetas de descuento para compras de comestibles a algunos de sus miembros.
¿Cómo se ve el papel de Hezbollah en la política interna libanesa?
-Hezbollah se percibe como un problema en la política interna libanesa, ya que algunos creen que sus armas se utilizan para avanzar sus intereses políticos en el país, lo que exacerba la situación en un sistema político sectario fracturado y corrupto.
¿En qué conflictos regionales ha estado involucrado Hezbollah más allá de Líbano?
-Hezbollah es parte de lo que se conoce como el 'Eje de la Resistencia' de Irán, una red de grupos apoyados por Irán para extender su influencia en la región. Esto incluye milicias en Irak, Siria, Hamas en Gaza y los Houthis en Yemen.
¿Cómo se describe la capacidad militar actual de Hezbollah?
-Actualmente, Hezbollah se considera un grupo muy fuerte militarmente, con un gran número de armas y un control significativo en Líbano, apoyado por Irán. Su participación en la guerra en Siria también ha permitido mejorar sus capacidades de fuerzas especiales.
¿Qué es la relación entre los actuales conflictos en Gaza y la actividad de Hezbollah?
-Hezbollah ha estado en el foco debido a la guerra en Gaza, lo que ha reavivado el conflicto entre él y Israel. Hezbollah ha lanzado cohetes a Israel y ha exigido que Israel termine su guerra en Gaza, mientras que Israel ha respondido golpeando a Hezbollah y a civiles en Líbano.
Outlines
💣 Origenes y poder de Hezbollah
El vídeo comienza explicando el surgimiento de Hezbollah, un grupo libanés que ha vuelto a estar en los titulares debido a intercambios de fuego entre Líbano e Israel. Se describe a Hezbollah como un grupo militante con conexiones profundas en la política y la sociedad libanesas, más poderoso incluso que el ejército libanés. Aunque algunos países lo clasifican como un grupo terrorista, también es una fuerza política con miembros en el parlamento y ministros en el gabinete. Además, se enfatiza su relación con Irán, que les proporciona apoyo y dirección. El vídeo también explora la compleja naturaleza de Hezbollah, que incluye aspectos religiosos, políticos y militares, y cómo su existencia es un reflejo de las divisiones religiosas y políticas en Líbano.
🏛️ La evolución de Hezbollah y su influencia en el Líbano
Este segundo párrafo profundiza en la historia de Hezbollah, explicando cómo surgió durante la guerra civil libanesa como una fuerza de resistencia contra la ocupación israelí y la marginalización de la comunidad chií. Se describe cómo, después de la guerra, el grupo evolucionó hacia un actor político y social, formando un partido político y proporcionando servicios sociales en áreas que controla. Sin embargo, su retención de armas y su papel como una fuerza armada independiente del gobierno también generan conflictos y críticas. El vídeo también discute cómo la influencia de Hezbollah en el Líbano es tanto un síntoma como una causa de problemas más amplios, como el sistema político sectario fracturado y la corrupción.
🌍 Rol regional de Hezbollah y su conexión con Irán
El tercer párrafo explora el papel de Hezbollah en el contexto más amplio de la región, destacando su conexión con Irán y cómo forma parte de la 'Eje de Resistencia' de Irán, un grupo de milicias que promueve los intereses de Irán en el Medio Oriente. Se menciona la participación de Hezbollah en la guerra en Siria, luchando junto a aliados iraníes para mantener en el poder al presidente sirio Bashar Al Assad. Aunque esto ha causado la alienación de algunos de sus seguidores, también ha permitido que el grupo se fortalezca y mejore sus capacidades militares. El vídeo concluye con una discusión sobre el actual foco de atención de Hezbollah debido al conflicto en Gaza y cómo su capacidad militar y su apoyo a Irán lo colocan en una posición clave en los conflictos regionales.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hezbollah
💡Israel-Lebanon border
💡militant movement
💡resistance
💡political party
💡Iran
💡armed group
💡Lebanese politics and Society
💡Israel
💡Lebanese Army
Highlights
Hezbollah is a Lebanese group that has been in the headlines due to intense exchanges of rocket fire across the Israel-Lebanon border.
Some countries classify Hezbollah as a terror group, while it is deeply embedded in Lebanese politics and society.
Hezbollah is more powerful than the Lebanese state and more armed than the Lebanese Army.
Hezbollah defines itself as a resistance movement against US and Israeli policies and is closely aligned with Iran.
The name Hezbollah means 'party of God', indicating its religious movement roots within the Shia branch of Islam.
Hezbollah is also a political party with members in Lebanon's Parliament and ministers in the cabinet.
Estimates of Hezbollah's fighters range from 20,000 to 100,000, with the actual number being difficult to ascertain.
Hezbollah's secretive nature allows it to have members in various professions, including banking and education.
Hassan Nasrallah, the Shia cleric, has led Hezbollah for over 30 years, maintaining a low public profile.
Hezbollah's connection to Iran is evident in its areas of strong support, where posters of Iranian leaders are common.
Hezbollah's rise can be attributed to three main factors: the Shia factor, Iran's 1979 revolution, and Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon.
Lebanon's political system, which divides power among religious groups, often exacerbates divisions and marginalizes the Shia.
Hezbollah emerged during the chaos of Lebanon's civil war in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Iran provided training, funding, and weapons to Hezbollah, viewing Lebanon's situation as an opportunity to spread its influence.
Hezbollah initially defined itself as a resistance force against Israeli occupation, with the aim of obliterating Israel.
In the 1990s, Hezbollah evolved from a militia into a major power broker in Lebanon.
Hezbollah has been described as a state within a state, providing social services in areas it controls.
The group's military strength and separateness from the government have raised concerns about its political influence in Lebanon.
Hezbollah's involvement in the Syrian War to support the Iranian ally, Bashar Al-Assad, has given its fighters combat experience.
Hezbollah's activities extend beyond Lebanon, being part of Iran's axis of resistance, which includes groups in Iraq, Syria, Gaza, and Yemen.
The current conflict between Hezbollah and Israel has raised concerns about a potential full-blown war and wider regional conflict.
Transcripts
let's talk about
[Applause]
Hezbollah it's the Lebanese group that's
back in the headlines there's been an
intense exchange of Rocket fire across
the Israel Lebanon border hisa fires
across the border every day Israel is
targeting what it says are Hezbollah
cells some countries classify Hezbollah
as a terror group but it's also deeply
embedded in Lebanese politics and
Society more powerful than the state
more armed than the Lebanese Army itself
hisbah is a militant movement it defines
itself as a resistance and pushing back
against us and Israeli policies it's
also very close to Iran they take orders
from Iran so how did Hezbollah come onto
the scene what exactly is its connection
to Iran and how powerful is the group
today the name Hezbollah means party of
God now that that might make it sound
like it's a religious group but it's
actually a lot of things it is a
religious movement and its members are
mainly from the Shia branch of Islam but
not all Shia Muslims in Lebanon support
Hezbollah it's also a political party
with members in lebanon's Parliament and
ministers in the cabinet and it's an
armed group they say they've got 100,000
Fighters but it's hard to know for sure
and some experts suggest it's lower
likely between 20 and 50,000 this is a
secretive organization even within you
know party members somebody working in a
what a bank a school could be a
Hezbollah fighter and you don't know
that and this is uh one of the strengths
of Hezbollah um they tend not to show
all their cards if you like this is a
group that does not have known military
bases Hassan NASA is the Shia cleric
who's LED Hezbollah for more than 30
years he's rarely seen in person but in
areas where support for Hezbollah is
strong like in the southern suburbs of
the capital Beirut and in the south of
Lebanon His Image is everywhere and you
also see posters of Iranian leaders
because the group does not hide its
links with
Iran some experts even characterize
Hezbollah as essentially part of Iran's
Armed Forces a branch called the Islamic
revolutionary guard Corp or irgc they
are part of Iran's Regional military
structure they have Lebanese IDs but
their loyalty and their job and their
mission is to serve the interests of the
irgc's CLS force close the kuds force is
the irgc branch that's mostly focused on
foreign
operations so how did Hezbollah come
about well there are three main factors
that help explain its rise the the first
is the Shia Factor Lebanon has always
been very divided along religious and
sectarian lines along with the Shia the
other main groups are Sunny Muslims and
Christians lebanon's political system
assigns them all key positions it's
designed so that they share power but in
practice it tends to exacerbate
divisions and the Shia have often felt
that they get the worst deal and are
neglected by the government in Beirut uh
the Shia Community has long felt
marginalized on the fringes of society
in the 1970s a political and armed
movement fighting for sheer rights had
cropped up other groups were vying for
power too including the PLO the
Palestinian group that had established
itself in southern Lebanon by 1975 they
all turned on each other and a civil war
broke out the Lebanese are fighting
among themselves Muslims against
Christians and left against
right the war lasted until 1990 and it
was in the chaos of all the fighting
that Hezbollah emerged and this brings
us to our second Factor Iran and the
1979 Revolution Iran's monarchy was
overthrown and replaced by an Islamic
Republic led by Shia cleric
Rahi the revolution established Iran as
the dominant Shia power in the
regioni um saw himself and saw the
revolution something that goes beyond
Beyond Iran he he saw this as more of a
pan-islamic revolution that goes even
beyond the Shia community so Iran wanted
to spread its ideology and influence and
everything going on in Lebanon provided
an opportunity for that especially after
1982 when Israel invaded Lebanon and
this is the third factor that explains
hezbollah's rise now Israel said it was
going after the PLO remember that's the
Palestinian group that was based in
southern Lebanon and it had been
attacking Israel from there tanks roll
into Southern Lebanon the Israelis said
they had one goal to root out once and
for all Palestinian bases across the
border from their Northern
settlements Israeli forces reached all
the way to Beirut later they withdrew to
Southern Lebanon and occupied an area
there right up until 2000 the Israel
they didn't just like kick the FES out
and leave they came they stayed they
occupied
and here's where our three factors all
converge in 1982 a group of Shia in
Lebanon who were already aligned with
Iran's revolutionary ideology had come
together to fight the Israeli forces
Iran capitalized on that providing
training funding and weapons and that
group adopted a name Hezbollah Iran
invested in an organic reality you had
Lebanese Shi who suffered Decades of um
marginalization from the Lebanese state
and also we're suffering from Israeli
occupation and when we're radicalized by
the events of
1982 and hence comes a um a movement uh
to uh build on all of that from the
beginning Hezbollah mainly defined
itself as a resistance force against the
Israeli occupation in 1985 they stated
that the obliteration of Israel from
existence was one of their ultimate aims
they also said they wanted to kick out
us and French troops who were in Lebanon
as part of peacekeeping Miss
their tactics included assassinations
hostage taking suicide attacks and some
high-profile bombings like one on the US
Embassy in Beirut that killed 63
people then in the early 1990s there was
a shift for Hezbollah lebanon's Civil
War had ended and the group started to
evolve from this shadowy militia into a
major power
broker
isbah set up a political party it won
its first seats in Parliament in 1992
and eventually became a leading voice
for lebanon's Shia Community Inc comes
this party this powerful and strong
party who tells them that you know we
will protect you from the others and we
will ensure that you have a say in
government that you have a say in the
decision- making process in this country
since 2005 Hezbollah had cab ministers
running various government departments
it's also been described as a state
within a state providing all sorts of
Social Services in the areas they
control things like health education and
youth
programs they even give you know these
cards to to some of their members to get
groceries at a discount but the main
thing that sets Hezbollah apart from
other Lebanese political factions is
that it has weapons a lot of them at the
end of the Civil War hasb kept its
weapons it said it needed them to fight
Israel and it did keep fighting first
they were focused on pushing Israel out
of Southern Lebanon and got a lot of
credit when Israel finally withdrew in
2000 since then fighting has repeatedly
flared up including a war in 2006 which
lasted 34
days a big part of hezbollah's appeal in
Lebanon is based on this perception that
it is the most effective Force to stand
up to Israel but having such a strong
armed group separate from the government
is also seen as problematic his
opponents in Lebanon believe that those
arms are being used for Hasa to advance
its political interests in the country
there are many who view it as a
problematic uh player on on the Lebanese
scene I would say a good half of of the
country would see it as such another way
of looking at it is that Hezbollah is
both a cause and a symptom of even
deeper problems in Lebanon a country
with a broken sectarian political system
that allows corruption to thrive and has
kept the economy in the gutter 80% of
people now live in
poverty every time you try to deal with
the corrupt political Elite you are
always hit by hezbollah's arms that it
is protecting them take the uh Beirut
Port explosion what
the
it was a dark day in lebanon's history
August 4 2020 2 years on there's still
been no accountability for one of the
biggest non-nuclear blasts in history
not one top official has been held to
account Hezbollah is also accused of
standing in the way of the investigation
into the explosion at the Bay
Port at one point this even spilled over
into deadly fighting on the streets of
Beirut when Hezbollah supporters
protested against the lead judge
investigating the
explosion but hezbollah's activities and
influence aren't just confined to
Lebanon it's the most powerful group in
what's known as Iran's axis of
resistance this is a network of groups
that Iran supports to spread its
influence and interest in the region it
includes militias in Iraq and Syria
Hamas in Gaza and the houthis in Yemen
but they're all part of the Iranian
Regional structure military structure
this is this is how Iran Works Iran
fights America and fights Israel be
proxies and partners this helps to
explain why Hezbollah took part in the
Syrian War for example Syria's president
Bashar Al Assad is an ally of Iran and
hasbullah fought as part of an Iranian
Alliance to keep him in power that move
alienated some of hezbollah's supporters
who felt it wasn't the group's job to
get involved but the war also gave
Hezbollah a reason to recruit and its
Fighters got combat experience uh
Hezbollah has also grown its Special
Forces capabilities given its role in
the conflict in Syria so today you're
looking at a group that's really strong
militarily it has a lot of weapons a
grip on Lebanon and Iran behind it right
now it's in the spotlight because of the
war in Gaza which has reignited the
fight between Hezbollah and Israel
Hezbollah has fired Rockets into Israel
killing soldiers and civilians it says
it won't stop until Israel ends its war
on Gaza and Israel's hit back firing
into Lebanon killing civilians along
with Hezbollah Fighters and at least two
senior
commanders tens of thousands of people
living on either side of the Border have
had to leave their homes many people are
questioning whether this could all turn
into a full-blown war and a wider
regional conflict it's always a
possibility but at the same time Israel
and Hezbollah both know that the other
one has the capacity to do huge damage
and that might be encouraging them to
hold back so both sides are still
treading carefully Hezbollah does not
want a full-blown war and it can hurt
Israel it can hit anywhere in Israel it
can fire thousands of rockets a day but
Israel too can hurt
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