The History of Human Computer Interaction

Summary

The script explores the evolution of computer technology and human-computer interaction (HCI), from the ENIAC in the 1940s to modern smartphones and AI. It highlights key inventions like the sketchpad, computer mouse, personal computers, graphical user interfaces, and the World Wide Web. The summary also touches on recent advancements in virtual assistants, smart homes, wearables, biometrics, virtual reality, autonomous vehicles, and AI, emphasizing the shift towards user-centered, accessible, and intelligent technologies.

Takeaways

• 💻 The ENIAC, completed in 1945, was the first programmable electronic computer, primarily used for mathematical operations.
• 🖌 In 1963, Ivan Sutherland developed Sketchpad, a precursor to modern drawing tablets, allowing direct sketching on computer displays.
• #️⃣ 1964 saw the invention of the computer mouse by Engelbart, which revolutionized computer interaction through cursor control.
• 📚 Alan Kay's Dynabook concept in the 1970s predicted portable personal computers, which became reality with devices like the Grid Compass 1101 in 1980.
• 🖥️ The Xerox Star, released in 1981, was an advanced computer with a graphical user interface, Ethernet, and other features that were ahead of its time.
• 🍎 Apple's Lisa and Macintosh computers, introduced in the early 1980s, were among the first to popularize graphical user interfaces for personal computing.
• 📊 MS-DOS was a non-graphical operating system that relied on command-line inputs, in contrast to the GUIs of its time.
• 🌐 In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which became a global information medium and a cornerstone of internet technology.
• 📱 The first iPhone, released in 2007, combined a camera, iPod, and computer into a handheld device with a widescreen display.
• 🎮 Innovations like the Nintendo Wii and Microsoft Xbox Kinect introduced motion-sensing and gesture controls in gaming and home entertainment.
• 🤖 The rise of intelligent virtual assistants and smart home technology has allowed for voice-activated control and automation of various household functions.

Q & A

What was the first programmable electronic and general-purpose digital computer?

The first programmable electronic and general-purpose digital computer was the ENIAC, completed in 1945.

Who developed the Sketchpad, and what was its significance?

Ivan Sutherland developed the Sketchpad in 1963. It was significant as it was the great-grandfather of today's drawing tablets, allowing direct sketching on a computer display with a light pen.

What was the first computer mouse invented by Engelbart used for?

The first computer mouse, invented by Engelbart in 1964, was used to interact with the computer through a cursor on the screen, with mouse movements and inputs.

What was the concept of the Dynabook, and who is credited with its vision?

The Dynabook was a vision of a thin, portable personal computer described by Alan Kay. It was created way ahead of its time, predating the actual technology that would make such a device possible.

Who designed the first portable personal computer, and what was it called?

The first portable personal computer was designed by Bill Moggridge and was called the Grid Compass 1101.

What features did the Xerox Star, released in 1981, have?

The Xerox Star, released in 1981, featured a mouse-driven graphical user interface, built-in Ethernet network and protocol, and an optional laser printer.

What was significant about the Apple Lisa, released on January 19, 1983?

The Apple Lisa was significant as one of the first personal computers to present a graphical user interface in a machine aimed at individual business users.

What was the primary difference between MSD OS and graphical operating systems?

MSD OS was a non-graphical operating system, requiring commands to be typed in from the keyboard or entered from a file, unlike graphical operating systems like Windows that used a GUI.

What improvements did Windows 3.1 bring over Windows 3.0?

Windows 3.1 improved upon Windows 3.0 by providing multitasking support, improved programs, and more advanced features.

Who created the World Wide Web, and what was its initial purpose?

Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in 1990 as an information management system, which became a global information medium.

What was the significance of the first iPhone released in 2007?

The first iPhone, released in 2007, was significant for featuring a 3.5-inch display, camera, iPod, and computer in a handheld device.

What is the Android mobile operating system primarily used for?

The Android mobile operating system, developed by Google, is primarily used for touchscreen devices like cell phones and tablets.

What was innovative about the Nintendo Wii console released in 2006?

The Nintendo Wii console was innovative for its rear remote controller, a handheld pointing device that detects movement in three dimensions, allowing users to simulate real-world sports and activities.

What does Windows 10 aim to provide in terms of user experience and functionality?

Windows 10 aims to provide a more consistent user experience and functionality across different classes of devices, including laptops, netbooks, and computer systems.

What are the capabilities of an intelligent virtual assistant?

Intelligent virtual assistants can perform tasks or services for an individual based on commands or questions, interpret human speech, respond via synthesized voices, and manage tasks like email, to-do lists, and calendars.

How does smart home technology enhance home automation?

Smart home technology enhances home automation by enabling control of amenities like air conditioning, heating, lighting, appliances, and security systems through voice commands or mobile applications.

What is the potential future of human-computer interaction according to the script?

The potential future of human-computer interaction could involve peripheral-less interaction, further mobility without efficiency compromises, digitalization of everything, improvement of artificial intelligence, and the introduction of smart technologies.

Outlines

00:00

💻 Evolution of Computer Technology

The first paragraph discusses the evolution of computer technology and human-computer interaction (HCI). It starts with the ENIAC, the first programmable electronic computer, and moves on to the Sketchpad, a precursor to modern drawing tablets. The invention of the computer mouse by Engelbart in 1964 is highlighted, along with the Dynabook concept by Alan Kay, which foresaw portable personal computers. The Grid Compass 1101 and the Xerox Star are mentioned as early examples of portable and GUI-driven computers, respectively. Apple's Lisa and Macintosh are noted for their graphical user interfaces, and the transition from command-line interfaces like MS-DOS to GUIs is discussed. The paragraph also covers the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee and the rapid technological advancements in the 1990s, including the first iPhone and Android operating system, which revolutionized mobile computing and internet access.

05:00

🎮 Innovations in Gaming and Home Automation

The second paragraph focuses on innovations in gaming and home automation. It discusses the Nintendo Wii's motion-sensing controller and the Xbox Kinect's depth and motion sensing technology. The paragraph then moves on to Windows 10's cross-device functionality and the rise of intelligent virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. Smart home technology, which allows for remote control of household systems, is explored, along with smart accessories like watches and shoes that connect to smartphones. The use of biometric sensors for access control and surveillance is mentioned, and the Oculus Rift's impact on gaming and education is highlighted. The paragraph concludes with a look at autonomous vehicles, with Tesla's advancements in self-driving technology being a key example.

10:02

🚀 Future of Technology and HCI

The final paragraph speculates on the future of technology and human-computer interaction. It envisions a world where everything is digitalized, with traditional mediums being replaced by compact, flexible devices, and the potential for smart furniture. The paragraph discusses the concept of smart cities, which would be managed by interconnected electronic systems. The development of learning and living artificial intelligence, in the form of robots or androids, is highlighted as a potential aid for individuals and a new workforce for industries. The future of HCI is predicted to focus on peripheral-less interaction, increased mobility without sacrificing efficiency, digitalization, AI improvements, and the introduction of more smart technologies.

Keywords

💡ENIAC

ENIAC, which stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was one of the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computers. It was completed in 1945 and primarily used for mathematical calculations. ENIAC is significant in the video as it represents the dawn of modern computer technology and the beginning of the evolution of human-computer interaction.

💡Sketchpad

Sketchpad was developed by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 and is considered the great-grandfather of today's drawing tablets. It allowed users to draw directly on a computer display using a light pen, which could include straight lines and circle arcs. Sketchpad is highlighted in the video as an early example of human-computer interaction that moved beyond text-based commands to a more intuitive, graphical interface.

💡Computer Mouse

The computer mouse, invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1964, is a pointing device that allows users to interact with a computer through a cursor on the screen. It revolutionized the way humans interact with computers by introducing a more direct and intuitive method of control. In the video, the mouse is mentioned as a pivotal invention that contributed to the evolution of computer interfaces.

💡Dynabook

The Dynabook, envisioned by Alan Kay, was a concept for a thin, portable, personal computer. Although the concept was ahead of its time, it laid the groundwork for future personal computing devices. The video mentions the Dynabook as a precursor to modern laptops and tablets, showcasing the forward-thinking nature of technological innovation.

💡Xerox Star

The Xerox Star, released in 1981, was one of the first computers to feature a graphical user interface (GUI) with a mouse-driven system. It included features like built-in Ethernet and an optional laser printer. The video discusses the Xerox Star as a significant step in the evolution of personal computers towards more user-friendly interfaces.

💡Apple Lisa

Apple Lisa, released in 1983, was an early personal computer that presented a GUI aimed at individual business users. It offered a document-centered interface with icons, folders, and a trash bin. The video positions Apple Lisa as a milestone in Apple's product line, showcasing the company's commitment to user-friendly computing.

💡Apple Macintosh

Apple Macintosh, introduced in 1984, was a line of computers that popularized the use of a GUI with icons, windows, and a mouse. The Macintosh is noted in the video for being a more affordable and advanced machine compared to its predecessors, marking a significant advancement in personal computing and user interface design.

💡MS-DOS

MS-DOS, or Microsoft Disk Operating System, was a non-graphical operating system that required users to input commands via a keyboard or file. It contrasts with GUI-based systems in the video, illustrating the shift from command-line interfaces to more user-friendly graphical interfaces in personal computing.

💡Windows 3.0 and 3.1

Windows 3.0 and its successor, Windows 3.1, were early GUI-based operating systems by Microsoft. The video highlights the improvements in Windows 3.1, such as multitasking support and advanced features, which quickly replaced Windows 3.0 and set the stage for future Windows operating systems.

💡World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, is an information management system that became the prevalent technology for accessing information on the internet. The video discusses the World Wide Web as a transformative technology that enabled global connectivity and access to information, changing the way humans interact with computers and information.

💡Smartphones

Smartphones, exemplified by the first iPhone released in 2007, are handheld devices that combine the functionality of a camera, iPod, and computer. The video mentions smartphones as a key development in personal technology, highlighting their evolution from basic communication devices to multifunctional tools that have become integral to daily life.

💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. In the video, AI is discussed as a driving force behind current technological advancements, with applications ranging from virtual assistants to autonomous vehicles, emphasizing the future potential for AI to further enhance human-computer interaction.

Highlights

Apple's product line evolution and its impact on technology.

ENIAC, the first programmable electronic computer, completed in 1945.

Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad in 1963, a precursor to modern drawing tablets.

Douglas Engelbart invents the computer mouse in 1964.

Dynabook, Alan Kay's vision of a portable personal computer, predates modern laptops.

GRID Compass 1101, the first portable personal computer, designed by Bill Moggridge in 1980.

Xerox Star, released in 1981, featured a mouse-driven GUI and built-in Ethernet.

Apple Lisa, released in 1983, was one of the first personal computers with a GUI.

Apple Macintosh, introduced in 1984, revolutionized personal computing with its user-friendly GUI.

MS-DOS, a non-graphical operating system, required command-line inputs.

Microsoft Windows 3.0 and 3.1, released in 1990, improved the GUI and added multitasking support.

Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web in 1990, a pivotal moment for internet technology.

The first iPhone, released in 2007, combined a phone, iPod, and internet device in one.

Android OS, developed by Google, competes with Apple's iOS for smartphone market.

Nintendo Wii's motion-sensing controller revolutionized gaming in 2006.

Xbox Kinect introduces motion-sensing technology for gaming without a controller.

Windows 10, released in 2015, adapts user experience across different devices.

Intelligent virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa enable voice control for various tasks.

Smart homes integrate technology for automation and remote control of appliances.

Smartwatches and accessories like the Cambridge Silicon Radio Bluetooth pendant offer new ways to interact with technology.

Biometric sensors are used for access control and surveillance in various technological applications.

Oculus Rift, released in 2016, offers virtual reality for gaming and educational purposes.

Autonomous vehicles, like Tesla, use advanced sensors and autopilot technology for navigation.

HCI is becoming more user-centered, focusing on ergonomics and accessibility.

The future of HCI is expected to involve peripheral-less interaction, digitalization, and smart technologies.

Transcripts

with regards to the apple product line

and the trajectory

the employee expenses it cuts it to and

it will open up the folder

here i have combined the subroutine

interface a natural

uh method of doing things as humanity

evolves

through time their greatest inventions

evolve as well

one of those greatest inventions are the

computers

here are some of the greatest

masterpieces of the 19th century

that spark the renaissance of computer

technology

the human interaction with it

eniac or the electronic numerical

integrator and computer was the first

programmable

electronic and general purpose digital

computer

it was completed in 1945 and it could

perform mathematical operations

and primarily used in calculations

in 1963 ivan sutherland developed a

great grandfather

of drawing tablets of today's date

sketchpad

uses drawings as a communication medium

for the computer

it sketches directly on a computer

display with the light pen

the information sketched can include

straight line segments

and circle arcs the following year 1964

the first computer mouse was invented by

engelbart

the mouse as early models is used to

interact with the computer

through a cursor in the screen and the

mouse movements and inputs

dynabook allen k's vision of a personal

computer is described as a thin portable

device

this concept was created way advanced

than the technology of its time

the first portable personal computer was

the grid compass

1101 designed by bill moggett in 1980

11 years after allen case vision xerox

star

was released in 1981 it had a mouse

driven graphical user interface

built in ethernet network and protocol

an optional laser printer

this was considered far ahead of its

time apple lisa is a desktop computer

developed by apple

released on january 19 1983 it is one of

the first personal computers to present

a graphical user interface

in a machine aimed at the individual

business users

it offered a document-centered graphical

interface

based on the metaphor of desktop with

icons folders and trash bin

apple macintosh is a line of computers

introduced by apple incorporation

in 1984. the mac 128k

had an easy to use graphical user

interface

that utilized icons windows and a mouse

apple macintosh are much more advanced

machine than the previous apple is at a

cheaper price

msd os is a non-graphical operating

system

this means that all commands given to

the computer must be either typed in

from the keyboard

or entered from a file it allows the

user to open

navigate and manipulate files on their

computer

from a command line instead of a gui

like windows

two years later microsoft released

windows 3.0

it came with a lot of improvement but

also with lack of multimedia

and network features which made windows

3.0 replaced quickly by windows 3.1

which is made fancier provided

multitasking support

improved programs and more advanced

features

within the same year 1990 tim

berners-lee

made an information management system

which then became the world wide web

it soon became the prevalent technology

in internet and a global information

medium in the 1990s

after the global launch of the world

wide web the world enters a new stage of

technology

in comparison from the past generation

which is

not readily available for use of the

masses function focused and use of

graphics are minimal

it has the yearly computer and

peripheral hardware

at the start of the 20th century new

forms and innovations in technology and

hci are sprouting

improvements in revisions are starting

to happen more frequent than before

the very first iphone was released in

2007.

it featured a 3.5 inch display which was

considered as widescreen during its time

it has the features of a camera ipod and

computer in handheld device

the latest iphone that was released

boasts a much better specifications than

those in the previous generation

on the other hand the android mobile

operating system

was developed by google to be primarily

used for touchscreen devices

cell phones and tablets just like the

apple's iphones

android operating phones and tablets are

handled devices

that could take pictures create and edit

documents and media files

communicate like a phone browse the

internet and social media

play video games and various other

functionalities

in 2006 nintendo released the wii

console

with its famous rear remote controller a

handheld pointing device that detects

movement in three dimensions

it enables users to simulate real-world

sports and activities through different

games

this paved the way for game consoles

like the xbox kinect

a feature for microsoft xbox which uses

depth and motion sensing technology

as input for the console to recognize

movement without a remote or controller

windows 10 is a series of operating

systems developed by microsoft released

in 2015.

windows 10 made user experience and

functionality

more consistent between different

classes of device

with the rising popularity and

availability of laptops

netbooks and computer systems microsoft

made the windows 10 adaptable into

different systems

another innovation in this era was the

intelligent virtual assistant

or intelligent personal assistant it is

a software agent that can perform tasks

or services

for an individual based on commands or

questions

these virtual assistants can interpret

human speech and respond via synthesized

voices

users can ask questions control home

automation devices

and media playback via voice also manage

other basic tasks such as email

to-do lists and calendars with the

verbal spoken commands

smart homes refers to home amenities

that have been fitted with communication

technology

enabling some degree of automation or

remote control

it includes control of air conditioning

heating and lighting

through voice activated commands or

mobile applications

smart homes also include automation in

appliances like fridges

washing machines and doors also

home security systems are also fitted

with communication technology

to alert the residents in case of

burglary

accessories have become smarter as well

smart watches are able to communicate

with smartphones

using wireless technology to make or

receive phone calls

display messages and notifications smart

watches can also play music

take and display photos monitor health

and fitness

run simple applications with or without

a smartphone

another smartwatch device is the

cambridge silicon radio and seleni

bluetooth pendant

it can connect to a smartphone and is

able to change its led color

or brightness depending on the mood or

clothing of the user

furthermore it can also show

notifications for the user by changing

led colors

flashing or vibrating

another is the smart shoe used in their

navigation and rescue operation

it is equipped with several sensors that

can monitor

activity levels walking health issues

therapy progress and give directions

using vibrations

biometric sensors are the use of human

biometrics in various technological

applications

for instance biometrics can be used in

access controls

it is granting access to a computer

network or security system with the use

of biometric sensors

it could also be used in surveillance

purposes by facial recognition

technology

virtual reality or vr oculus rift is a

line of virtual reality headsets

developed and manufactured

by oculus vr released in 2016.

the rift is primarily a gaming device

however

it is also capable of viewing

conventional movies and videos from

inside the virtual cinema environment

view new types of media like 360 degree

3d videos

and virtual reality movies the oculus

rift is increasingly used in

universities and schools

as an educational tool it provides an

immersive engaging environment

and can assist a diverse range of

students for learning

an autonomous vehicle is one that can

drive itself from a starting point to a

predetermined destination

in autopilot mode using various

in-vehicle technologies

and sensors tesla is a company which

pioneered the engineering of autonomous

driving vehicles

the latest tesla car features advanced

sensor coverage

advanced autopilot technology which

allows real-time navigation updates

autosteer technology and smart parking

ai

the current era of technology and hci is

indeed flourishing

it is astounding that a great leap of

innovations had gone by

after several decades the present hci is

very much user centered

more ergonomic and provide technologies

to aid people with disabilities

to adapt in the modern world the present

also revolves around the individual's

necessity

functionality and aesthetics also the

technology is very much available to the

masses

and an individual who could afford to

could have the privilege to own one

the present hcis aims to provide either

technological advancements or artificial

intelligence

to various human tools equipment machine

and clothing

what could happen to the future of our

technology and the way we interact with

it

not only are devices but most of the

things that we use in living are getting

smarter every day

our smartphones appliances vehicles

clothing and accessories what more could

we improve

the future of hci would heavily rely on

the improvements and breakthroughs with

their carrying technology

and ways of interaction digitalization

of everything could be the future of

technology and hci

whereas the traditional paper medium

would be replaced by compact

handheld and flexible devices and

possible introduction of smart furniture

furthermore the innovations of smart

homes phones

and accessories could lead to smart

cities

it would become a very complex

interconnection of electronic systems

such as computer servers sensors and

databases

that interact to manage the city-wide

infrastructure of the society

there is also the production of learning

and living artificial intelligence in

form of robots or

androids these robots would be of great

help to individuals that need personal

aid

also these robots could be the new

workforce of the industry

the future of our technology and the way

we could interact with it

is fast and unpredictable it may be far

from our expectations or greatly

exceeded

but we are sure that the future of hci

would focus on the exploration

of peripheral less interaction of

computers

further mobility without compromises in

efficiency and specifications

digitalization of everything improvement

of artificial intelligence

and the introduction of further smart

technologies

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