Comparison, Logical, and Membership Operators in Python | Python for Beginners
Summary
TLDRThis video tutorial offers a comprehensive overview of Python's comparison, logical, and membership operators. It explains how to use operators like '==', '!=', '>', '<', '>=', and '<=' to compare values. The tutorial also covers logical operators 'and', 'or', and 'not', illustrating their use with examples. Finally, it introduces membership operators 'in' and 'not in' to check for the presence of values within sequences, enhancing understanding of fundamental Python operations.
Takeaways
- 🔢 **Comparison Operators**: Python uses comparison operators like `==` (equal), `!=` (not equal), `>` (greater than), `<` (less than), `>=` (greater than or equal to), and `<=` (less than or equal to) to compare values.
- ❌ **Literal Assignment Error**: Trying to compare a literal like `10 == 10` without assignment will result in an error because it's interpreted as an assignment attempt.
- 📌 **Boolean Results**: Comparison operations return boolean values (`True` or `False`).
- 🔄 **Comparing Different Types**: You can compare different data types like numbers and strings using comparison operators.
- 🔄 **Variable Comparison**: Variables can be compared to check if they hold the same value.
- 📈 **Logical Operators**: Logical operators `and`, `or`, and `not` are used to combine comparison operations.
- 🔒 **AND Operator**: The `and` operator returns `True` only if both conditions are `True`.
- 🔄 **OR Operator**: The `or` operator returns `True` if at least one of the conditions is `True`.
- ❌ **NOT Operator**: The `not` operator inverts the result of a condition, turning `True` to `False` and vice versa.
- 📚 **Membership Operators**: `in` and `not in` are used to check if a value or string is present within another sequence.
- 🍦 **String Membership**: You can use `in` to check if a substring exists within a larger string.
- 📝 **List Membership**: Similarly, `in` can be used to check if an element is in a list, and `not in` for its absence.
Q & A
What are comparison operators in Python?
-Comparison operators in Python are used to compare two values to determine their relationship. They include operators like '==' for equality, '!=' for inequality, '>' for greater than, '<' for less than, '>=' for greater than or equal to, and '<=' for less than or equal to.
Why can't you assign a value to a literal in Python?
-In Python, you cannot assign a value to a literal because literals are not variables. They represent fixed values and cannot be reassigned. For example, trying to assign a value to '10' directly would result in an error because '10' is not a variable but a literal number.
How do you check for equality in Python?
-To check for equality in Python, you use the '==' operator. For example, '10 == 10' would return 'True' because both sides of the operator are equal.
What is the output of '10 != 50' in Python?
-The expression '10 != 50' checks if 10 is not equal to 50, which is true, so the output would be 'True'.
Can comparison operators be used with strings in Python?
-Yes, comparison operators can be used with strings in Python. They compare the strings based on alphabetical order. For example, 'vanilla != chocolate' would return 'True' because 'vanilla' comes after 'chocolate' in the alphabet.
What is the purpose of logical operators in Python?
-Logical operators in Python are used to combine multiple conditions. They include 'and', 'or', and 'not'. 'and' returns True if both conditions are True, 'or' returns True if at least one condition is True, and 'not' inverts the result of a condition.
How does the 'and' operator work in Python?
-The 'and' operator in Python returns True only if both of the conditions it combines are True. If both conditions are True, the overall result is True; otherwise, it's False.
What is the result of '10 > 50 or 50 > 10'?
-The expression '10 > 50 or 50 > 10' uses the 'or' operator. Since one of the conditions ('50 > 10') is True, the overall result is True, even though the other condition ('10 > 50') is False.
How can you check if a value is in a list using membership operators?
-To check if a value is in a list, you can use the 'in' membership operator. For example, if you have a list called 'scoops' containing [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], then '2 in scoops' would return True because 2 is an element of the list.
What does the 'not in' operator do in Python?
-The 'not in' operator in Python checks if a specified value is not present in a sequence. If the value is not found, it returns True. For example, '6 not in scoops' would return True if 'scoops' is a list that does not contain the number 6.
Outlines
🐍 Introduction to Comparison and Logical Operators in Python
This paragraph introduces comparison and logical operators in Python. It explains that operators are used to perform operations on variables and values, such as comparing two values to see if they are the same or different. The script goes on to demonstrate how to use the equality operator (==), inequality operator (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=), and less than or equal to (<=) operators. It also clarifies that attempting to assign a value directly to a literal will result in an error, as this is not how Python works. The script then shows how to correctly use these operators to get a boolean output of either True or False. It also covers the use of these operators with strings and variables, and introduces logical operators such as 'and', 'or', and 'not', explaining how they work with comparison operators.
🔍 Exploring Membership Operators in Python
The second paragraph focuses on membership operators in Python, which are used to check if a value or string is within another value or string. It explains the 'in' and 'not in' operators, showing how they can be used to search for the presence of a specified value within an object. The script provides examples using strings and lists, demonstrating how to check if a word is part of a larger string or if an element is within a list. It also shows how to use these operators to return True or False based on whether the specified value is found within the sequence. The examples include checking for the presence of a word in a sentence and checking if a number is within a list of numbers. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of the practicality of these operators in Python programming.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Comparison Operators
💡Membership Operators
💡Literal
💡Logical Operators
💡Boolean Value
💡Variables
💡Strings
💡Lists
💡Conditional Statements
💡Assignment
Highlights
Introduction to comparison, logical, and membership operators in Python
Explanation of the equal (==) operator for comparing values
Demonstration of the does not equal (!=) operator
Comparison of strings using the not equal operator
Using comparison operators with variables
Explanation of the less than (<) operator
Use of the less than or equal to (<=) operator
Demonstration of the greater than (>) and greater than or equal to (>=) operators
Introduction to logical operators: and, or, and not
Example of using the and operator with comparison statements
Explanation of how the or operator works with comparison statements
Demonstration of the not operator reversing the result of a comparison
Introduction to membership operators: in and not in
Using the in operator to check for substrings within a string
Example of using the in operator with a list to check for membership
Demonstration of the not in operator to verify absence of an element in a list
Practical application of membership operators in variable assignment and comparison
Conclusion and call to action for viewers to like and subscribe
Transcripts
hello everybody today we're going to be
taking a look at comparison logical and
membership operators in python operators
are used to perform operations on
variables and values for example you're
often going to want to compare two
separate values to see if they are the
same or if they're different within
python and that's where the comparison
operator comes in right here you can see
our operators you can also see what they
do so this equal sign equal sign stands
for equal we have the does not equal the
greater than less than greater than or
equal to and less than or equal to and
honestly i use these almost every single
time i use python so these are very
important to know and know how to use so
let's get rid of that really quickly and
actually start writing it out and see
how these comparison operators work in
python the very first one that we're
going to look at is equal to now you
can't just say 10 is equal to 10. let's
try running that really quickly by
clicking shift enter
it's going to say cannot assign to
literal that's because this is like
assigning a variable we're trying to say
10 is equal to 10 and then we can call
that 10 later but that's not how this
actually works what we're trying to do
is to determine whether 10 is equal to
10. so we're going to say equal sign
equal sign and then if we run that by
clicking shift enter again it's going to
say true now if we put something else
like 50 in there and we try to run this
it's going to say false so really what
you're going to get when you use these
comparison operators is either a true or
a false if we take this right down here
we can also say does not equal and we're
going to use an exclamation point equal
sign and that says 10 is not equal to 50
and that should be true you can also
compare strings and variables so let's
go right down here and we're going to
say
vanilla
is not equal
to chocolate
and when we run this it'll say false now
if it was the same just like when we did
our numbers it should say true and we
can also compare variables so we'll say
x is equal to
vanilla
and y is equal to
chocolate
and then when we come down here we can
say x is equal to y
and it'll give us a false and we say
x
is not equal to y
and it'll give us a true the next one
that we're going to take a look at is
the less than so let's copy this one
right up here
let's scroll down
and let's say 10
is less than 50. now this will come out
as true now let's say we put a 10 in
here before 10 was of course less than
50 but is 10 less than 10
no that's false because they are the
same so if we want an output that is
true all we would have to add is an
equal sign right here and this would say
10 is less than or it is equal to 10.
and now it's true
of course we can say the exact same
thing by saying greater than so 10 is
equal or greater than 10. that'll be
true because 10 is equal to 10. we can
also say 50 is greater or equal to 10
because 50 is obviously greater than 10.
now let's look at logical operators that
are often combined with comparison
operators so our operators are and or
and not so if you have an and that
returns true if both statements are true
if it's or only one of the statements
has to be true and the not basically
reverses the result so if it was going
to return true it would return false i
don't use this not one a lot but i will
show you how it works so let's actually
test that out so before we were saying
10 is greater than 50 and of course this
returned false so now let's add a
parenthesis around this 10 is greater
than 50 and we're going to say and we'll
do an open parenthesis 50 is greater
than 10.
now this statement right here is true 50
is greater than 10 so we have a true
statement and a full statement but this
and is going to look at both of them
it's going to say they both need to be
true in order to return a true so let's
try running this
and we still have a false if we want it
to return true we're going to change
this to make it a true statement so 70
is greater than 50 and 50 is greater
than 10 when we run this it should
return true now let's look at the or so
let's copy this
and we'll say
10 is greater than 50
or
50 is greater than 10. now this is a
false statement and this is a true
statement so if even one of them is a
true statement the output should be true
and again we can do this even with
strings so we can do vanilla
and
chocolate
there we go
and vanilla is actually greater than
chocolate because v is a higher number
in the alphabetical order so v is like
20 something whereas chocolate is three
right so it actually looks at the
spelling for this so if we say or here
it will come out true and if we say and
here it should also be true because v is
greater than c and 50 is greater than 10
so this should also be true
now let's copy this right here
and we're going to say not
so what we had before is 50 is greater
than 10 that returned true but now all
we're doing is putting not in front of
it so instead of returning true it's
going to return false so now let's take
a look at membership operators and we
use this to check if something whether
it's a value or a string or something
like that is within another value or
string or sequence our operators are in
and not in so it's pretty simple if it's
in it's going to return true if the
sequence with a specified value is
present in the object just like we were
talking about and for not in it's
basically the exact same thing if it's
not in that object so let's start out by
taking a look at a string we're going to
say ice underscore cream is equal to
i love
chocolate ice cream
and then we're going to say love
in
ice underscore cream and that will
return true so all we're doing is
searching if the word love or that
string is in this larger string we could
also just do that by literally copying
this and putting this where this is so
we can check is this string part of this
string and it'll say true we can also
make a list so we'll say scoops is equal
to and then we'll do a bracket and we'll
say one two three four five
and then we'll say two
in scoops so all we're doing is
searching to see if two is within this
list and that should return true now if
we put a six here and we said not in
it will also return true because 6 is
not in scoops and that is true
and just like we did we could also say
wanted underscore scoops and we'll say 8
so i wanted 8 scoops so we can say
wanted scoops in scoops and this should
return true because there's not an eight
within the scoops that we wanted
and if we said in
and we said we wanted eight is that
within our list that we created and
that's going to return a false so that
is a quick breakdown of comparison
logical and membership operators i hope
that this was helpful thank you guys so
much for watching if you like this video
be sure to like and subscribe and i will
see you in the next video
[Music]
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