Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing in APA
Summary
TLDRThis video explains the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, and how to effectively incorporate external sources into academic writing. It emphasizes the importance of citing all information not considered common knowledge, including images and graphs, to avoid plagiarism. The video provides guidance on when to use direct quotes, how to paraphrase or summarize effectively, and how to properly format in-text citations. Additionally, it offers strategies for smoothly integrating sources into essays and discussion posts to strengthen arguments and support research.
Takeaways
- 📖 Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing are distinct ways of integrating outside resources into academic writing.
- 📚 Citing outside sources gives credibility to your writing and helps support your claims with evidence.
- 💡 Direct quotes highlight impactful phrases or sentences and should be cited with the author’s name, year, and page number.
- 📜 Paraphrasing involves restating detailed ideas in your own words, without adding your own opinions or interpretations.
- 📝 Summarizing condenses the main ideas of a source into a brief restatement using your own words.
- 📊 Images, charts, and graphs that are not your own must be properly cited, even when copied from textbooks or online sources.
- ✍️ Effective integration of quotes requires leading into the quote with an introductory sentence and explaining its relevance afterward.
- 🛑 A good paraphrase avoids using more than three consecutive words from the original text and always includes an in-text citation.
- 🔍 Multiple sentences that cite the same source must each contain an in-text citation, not just at the end of the paragraph.
- 📅 Practicing paraphrasing and summarizing takes time, and it is important to fully understand the source before attempting either.
Q & A
What is the importance of citing outside sources in academic writing?
-Citing outside sources in academic writing provides support for claims, enhances the writer's credibility, and showcases various perspectives on a topic. It also ensures proper credit to the original authors of the ideas used.
What is the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?
-Quoting involves using the exact words from a source, paraphrasing is restating the main ideas in detail in your own words, and summarizing is a brief restatement of the source's main points in your own words.
When should you use direct quotes in your writing?
-Direct quotes should be used when the original wording is impactful or when rephrasing would diminish its meaning. It's also important to introduce the quote and explain its significance to the argument.
Why is it necessary to cite paraphrased or summarized information?
-Even when information is paraphrased or summarized, it must be cited because the original ideas come from another source. Failure to cite could lead to plagiarism.
What information must always be cited?
-You must cite any information that is not common knowledge, including direct quotes, paraphrased ideas, images, graphs, and charts from other sources.
What is the 'rule of three' in paraphrasing?
-The 'rule of three' suggests that if three consecutive words from the original source are identical in your paraphrase, they should be considered a direct quote and properly cited.
How can you avoid plagiarism when paraphrasing?
-To avoid plagiarism when paraphrasing, read the entire passage, understand it fully, write down the key points, set aside the original, and then rewrite it in your own words using the key information.
What are the citation requirements for direct quotes?
-For direct quotes, the citation must include the author's last name, publication year, and page or paragraph number (for sources without page numbers like websites).
How should in-text citations be used if a paragraph relies heavily on one source?
-Citing only at the end of the paragraph is insufficient. Instead, you should cite the source throughout the paragraph to make it clear which ideas come from the source.
Why is it important to integrate your own voice when using outside sources?
-Integrating your own voice ensures that your paper remains a reflection of your analysis and understanding. Outside sources should support your arguments, not replace your own ideas.
Outlines
📚 Importance of Using Outside Sources and Proper Citation
This paragraph introduces the video, explaining the necessity of using outside sources in academic writing. It emphasizes the value of quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing resources to support claims, provide credibility, and illustrate different perspectives. The paragraph also covers the importance of citing both direct quotes and paraphrased ideas, as well as the proper citation of images, graphs, and charts.
📝 Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Techniques
This section breaks down the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Quoting is using a source’s exact words, paraphrasing is restating detailed information in your own words, and summarizing provides a brief overview of main ideas. Tips are offered on how to effectively use direct quotes, including introducing and explaining their relevance, and the importance of citing authors’ last names, publication years, and page numbers.
🔍 Tips for Paraphrasing and Avoiding Plagiarism
This paragraph provides guidelines on how to paraphrase effectively without plagiarizing. It advises reading the entire source, identifying key points, and then rewriting the content in your own words. The 'rule of three' is introduced, recommending that three consecutive words from the original text should be quoted. Additionally, it highlights the importance of providing in-text citations for paraphrased material and avoiding word-for-word copying.
🧐 Examples of Correct and Incorrect Citation Integration
In this section, examples of correct and incorrect in-text citations are given. It demonstrates the proper way to integrate citations into a paragraph to maintain the flow of writing while giving credit to the original source. The paragraph stresses that a single in-text citation at the end of a paragraph is insufficient and showcases how to maintain your own voice while incorporating research effectively.
💬 Including Sources in Weekly Discussions and Final Tips
This final section encourages students to incorporate sources into weekly discussion posts and academic papers to enhance credibility. It advises creating a reference list while doing research and outlining where outside sources will be used. The paragraph concludes with a reminder to always cite when in doubt and suggests utilizing writing resources such as APA webinars or seeking help from a writing tutor.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Quoting
💡Paraphrasing
💡Summarizing
💡In-text citation
💡Plagiarism
💡Common knowledge
💡Source integration
💡Direct quote
💡APA format
💡Author's voice
Highlights
This video teaches the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing resources.
Incorporating resources in academic writing is crucial for providing support to your claims.
Quoting allows you to highlight a striking phrase or passage from a source.
Students must cite anything that is not common knowledge, not just direct quotations.
Summarizing and paraphrasing also require proper citation as the ideas are not the writer's own.
Images, graphs, and charts from external sources need to be appropriately cited.
It’s essential to integrate sources smoothly, avoiding quote overload.
Effective writing integrates expert opinions to support or introduce new perspectives.
Quoting involves copying information word-for-word with proper citation.
Paraphrasing involves restating detailed ideas in your own words without personal interpretation.
Summarizing provides a brief restatement of main ideas in your own words.
Prepare your reader for quotes by using an introductory phrase or sentence.
Paraphrasing and summarizing take practice and understanding of the original material.
Three consecutive identical words from the original should be considered a direct quote.
A good paraphrase includes all key details while staying true to the original content.
Transcripts
this video will teach you the difference
between quoting paraphrasing and
summarizing resources as well as how to
effectively integrate resources into
your academic writing it's important to
understand why it's necessary to use
outside sources in your writing citing
information you found in books articles
or websites allows you to provide
support to the claims and arguments that
you're making this gives you credibility
as a writer it also allows you to give
examples of different points of view on
a subject or call attention to a
position that you agree or disagree with
incorporating direct quotes into your
writing allows you to highlight a
striking phrase sentence or passage from
a resource it's also important to
understand what information you need to
cite in your writing you need to cite
anything that is not common knowledge
many students think only direct
quotations need citations and are
surprised to find out that they need to
cite information that they have read and
then put into their own words doing so
actually means that you have summarized
or paraphrased information from the
source those ideas and thoughts were
initially not their own so credit needs
to be given to the author of the source
images graphs and charts that you did
not create also need to be cited it's
very easy to find images on Google and
those need to be appropriately cited
also your e-text books make it very easy
to copy and paste charts and graphs into
your written assignments it's necessary
to cite where you took the information
from learning how to integrate outside
sources into your academic writing is a
skill that takes time and practice
beginning writers tend to include a
quote then write a sentence add another
quote then write another sentence which
can be difficult for the reader to
follow try to think about writing a
paper as having a conversation with your
instructor or classmates you are adding
your own voice and a pin
means to a conversation about whatever
your paper topic is after defining your
research question or thesis statement
your paper allows you to answer the
question or provide support to the
stance you have taken on a topic as you
write your opinions and analysis of a
topic you can weave in expert opinions
or research to provide support or
introduce a new perspective on the topic
before we discuss each and more depth we
should start by understanding the
difference between quoting paraphrasing
and summarizing quoting information
means that you are taking information
word-for-word from the source
paraphrasing information means you've
restated in detail the sources main
ideas into your own words you do not
include your own opinions or
interpretations within the paraphrase of
the source his summary is a brief
restatement of the sources main ideas in
your own words let's start with a few
tips on quoting it can be tempting to
just use only direct quotes in your
academic writing since it is much easier
than paraphrasing or summarizing a
source however it's important to make
sure that the quote supports your main
idea only use a quote when putting it
into your own words would take away from
the meaning or impact also it's good
practice to prepare your reader for the
quote with an introductory phrase or
sentence it helps the flow of your paper
to lead into the quote otherwise it can
feel like the quote was just dropped
into the paper it's also good to explain
the meaning of the quote or how the
quote supports your main ideas after the
direct quote you can explain to the
reader its significance to the idea or
argument that you're trying to make for
a direct quote you always provide the
author's last name the publication year
and the page number in parentheses
direct quotes always have the page
number included or the paragraph number
if there is no page number like a
website including the page number allows
your reader to find the exact sentence
within
the resource you used below are two
examples and the first you can see the
quote is led into with the words it is
important that we and then the in-text
citation is at the end of the sentence
before the period in the second example
the author's name is included in the
sentence according to Berkman is how the
writer introduces the quote remember the
last name and publication year always
stayed together for in-text citations
because the author's name was included
in the beginning of the sentence only
the page number is listed at the end of
the sentence before the period as
mentioned before paraphrasing and
summarizing takes practice here are a
few tips to make it a little easier make
sure to read the whole paragraph before
attempting to put it in your own words
also make sure you completely understand
what you are reading
if you don't now is a good time to look
up words in the dictionary or do some
additional research next write down the
key information from the source identify
the main points in key words of the
paragraph now put the original aside
completely out of sight rewrite the
passage in your own words using the key
information you already wrote down by
doing this you are significantly
decreasing the chance of plagiarizing
the material now this isn't a hard and
fast rule but as a guideline it's
helpful to remember the rule of three
three consecutive words that are
identical to the original should be used
as a direct quotation a good summary or
paraphrase will include all of the
important details of the resource while
staying true to the original meaning of
the content the summary or paraphrase
should be in your own words often
students think it's okay to use it the
source and simply change a few of the
words in the original sentence or
paragraph this can be considered
plagiarism let's take a look at an
example the in-text citation for a
summary or paraphrase contains the
author's last name in the year of
publication
in parentheses let's take a look at how
the direct quote in our previous example
could be summer summarized or
paraphrased as a reminder this is what
the direct quote was you can see how the
first example the quote was paraphrased
and the in-text citation comes at the
end of the sentence the second example
summarizes the quote and uses the
author's name in the sentence a page
number is not included since we are not
directly quoting the source let's
practice together with a new example
pause the video so you may read the
passage below and write down the key
information what did you come up with
here is the key information that I
identified from the passage here is an
example of a plagiarized paraphrase of
the passage feel free to pause the video
again and identify in what ways the
passage is plagiarized in red we can see
the phrases that were taken directly
from the original also the paraphrase is
missing an in-text citation here are two
examples of the same passage paraphrased
without plagiarism again feel free to
pause the video to read through them on
your own a common question students have
is how to include in-text citations when
their entire paragraph use the same
source let's look at a few examples this
example is incorrect
a single in-text citation put at the end
of the paragraph is not sufficient as a
reader I would read this as only the
last sentence of the paragraph is being
attributed to Williamson the next
example is correct but pretty ugly an
in-text citation has been put at the end
of each sentence the source is being
cited however the writer could refine
the way they integrate the source into
the paragraph to include more of their
voice our last example shows how the
writer has a
actively integrated the source into the
paragraph frogs are excellent indicator
species to measure wetland health
according to a recent study by
Williamson 2010 frogs are very sensitive
to changes in pH caused by acid rain and
they are also very sensitive to
different types of pollution the study
notes that when frog populations in a
wetland Pullman
one can be sure that something is going
wrong in the wetland in addition when
oddities in frog morphology appear like
frogs with five legs or two heads one
can assume something is going wrong in
the wetland environment Williamson 2010
finally it's important to also
incorporate outside resources into your
weekly discussion posts this is a great
way to gain a better understanding of
the topic in addition to providing
credibility to your writing in the
example below you can see how the source
was integrated into the discussion post
with in-text citations and that the full
reference is listed at the end remember
be sure to cite any source whose ideas
influenced your writing you must always
include an in-text citation in a full
reference your reader can find the
original source also it's useful to do
your research and then create your
references page
this way you already have all the
information you need to create your
in-text citations then you can create an
outline that documents where you want to
incorporate your outside sources this
makes the process of writing your paper
go much more smoothly
do your best to correctly cite and
incorporate resources into your academic
writing and when in doubt cite it for
help with APA or writing assistance
check out our webinars which are
available live or recorded you may also
submit your paper for review by the
online Writing Lab or work directly with
a professional writing tutor for
specific questions feel free to chat
with a Rasmussen librarian
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