Chapter 4 Evolution of the Philippine Constitution and 1897: Constitution of Biak na Bato
Summary
TLDRIn this video presentation, M Abdul Magid delves into the evolution of the Philippine Constitution, highlighting its significance as the supreme law guiding the nation. The discussion traverses from the 1897 Biak na Bato Constitution, which aimed for Philippine independence from Spain, through the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution that introduced voting rights and a bicameral legislature, to the 1973 Constitution that established a parliamentary system. The 1986 Freedom Constitution is noted for its transitional role, emphasizing people's sovereignty and government accountability. The video also touches on other attempted constitutions and their historical contexts, underscoring the constitution's role in defining government power, reflecting the people's will, and safeguarding rights.
Takeaways
- 📜 A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles that govern a state or organization, often referred to as the supreme law of the land.
- 🏛️ The Philippine Constitution, the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines, has been in effect since 1997 and is celebrated on February 2nd.
- 📚 The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was the first fully implemented constitution in the Philippines, introducing voting rights for male citizens and later extended to women.
- 🌍 The 1973 Constitution established a parliamentary government with a Prime Minister and a President, marking a shift from previous constitutional structures.
- 🏳️🌈 The 1986 Freedom Constitution aimed for a more permanent governance structure, distinguishing itself from previous temporary constitutions.
- 🏛️ The Malolos Constitution, also known as the 1899 Constitution, was the first for the first Philippine Republic and featured a popular representative government.
- 📜 The 1943 Constitution, under Japanese occupation, provided a strong executive power and a unicameral National Assembly, but was not recognized by the US and Philippine governments.
- 🌐 The purpose of the Philippine Constitution is to ground the government in the people's authority, emphasizing reason over emotions and the division of power across different branches.
- 📊 The Constitution outlines the government's organization, limits its power, sets rules for governance, guarantees public rights, and provides mechanisms for government and people's correction.
- 📜 The Biak na Bato Constitution was a provisional constitution during the Philippine Revolution, aimed at separating the Philippines from Spanish rule, but was not fully implemented due to the Treaty of Paris and the rise of American colonization.
Q & A
What is the definition of a constitution according to the video?
-A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles established according to which a state or other organization is governed. It is a rulebook that guides how a country, state, or organization involving politics operates.
What is the significance of February 2nd in the context of the Philippine Constitution?
-February 2nd is significant because it marks the day when the latest constitution of the Philippines was given formal consent in 1997. It is celebrated as Constitution Day in the Philippines.
How does the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution differ from previous attempts at a constitution in the Philippines?
-The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was the first to be fully implemented. It introduced a bicameral legislature, a president elected to a six-year term, and the right to vote for male citizens over 21 who could read and write, which was later extended to women.
What type of government system was introduced by the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines?
-The 1973 Constitution introduced a parliamentary government system with a prime minister and a president. It also vested legislative power in a unicameral National Assembly elected by the people.
Why was the 1986 Freedom Constitution established?
-The 1986 Freedom Constitution was established to create a more permanent form of government, aiming for a more stable and lasting constitution than the temporary constitutions that preceded it.
What was the Malolos Constitution, and why was it significant?
-The Malolos Constitution, also known as the 1899 Constitution, was the first constitution for the first Philippine Republic. It was significant as it was the first in Asia and featured a popular representative government, separation of church and state, and a Bill of Rights.
What led to the creation of the Biak na Bato Constitution in 1897?
-The Biak na Bato Constitution was created as a result of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. It was an attempt to establish an independent state with its own government, the Philippine Republic, separate from Spanish control.
How did the Treaty of Paris affect the implementation of the Biak na Bato Constitution?
-The Treaty of Paris resulted in the Philippines being sold by Spain to the United States, effectively ending the implementation of the Biak na Bato Constitution. The Filipino revolutionary leaders, including Emilio Aguinaldo, were exiled to Hong Kong, and the constitution was never fully realized.
What was the 1943 Constitution, and why was it short-lived?
-The 1943 Constitution was established during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines and was known as the constitution of the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic. It was short-lived because the American forces returned and granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946.
What is the purpose of the Philippine Constitution as outlined in the video?
-The purpose of the Philippine Constitution is to ground the government in the people's authority, ensure that government actions are guided by reason over emotions, and establish a system where power is shared among different branches and levels of government, requiring cooperation for significant progress.
Outlines
📜 Introduction to the Philippine Constitution
The speaker, M Abdul Magid, introduces the topic of the Philippine Constitution, explaining that a constitution is a set of fundamental principles that govern a state or organization. He emphasizes the constitution as the supreme law of the land, detailing its role in defining the powers, responsibilities, and rights of the people. The Philippine Constitution has been in effect since 1997, and its establishment is celebrated on February 2nd. The talk then transitions into the historical evolution of the Philippine Constitution, highlighting the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, which introduced voting rights for male citizens and was later extended to women. The discussion also touches upon the 1973 Constitution, which established a parliamentary government, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution, aimed at creating a more permanent framework for governance.
🏛️ Historical Constitutions of the Philippines
This section delves into the historical constitutions of the Philippines, noting that while six were published, only three were fully implemented. The Malolos Constitution, also known as the 1899 Constitution, is highlighted as the first for the first Philippine Republic, featuring a popular representative government and separation of church and state. However, its implementation was cut short due to the Philippine-American War. The 1943 Constitution, established during the Japanese occupation, provided strong executive power and a unicameral National Assembly. Despite its features, it was not recognized by the American and Philippine governments and was short-lived, as the US returned and granted Philippine independence in 1946.
🌟 Relevance and Purpose of the Philippine Constitution
The speaker discusses the relevance and purpose of the Philippine Constitution, emphasizing its role in grounding the government in the people's authority. The constitution is described as a mechanism to ensure reason guides government actions and to distribute power across different branches and levels of government. It is also portrayed as a tool to prevent the misuse of power and to set the rules for governance. Quotes from historical figures like Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln underscore the importance of education and the people's role in upholding the constitution. The constitution's objectives are outlined, including providing government power, reflecting the people's will, organizing the government, limiting power, guaranteeing rights, and correcting government and people.
📜 The Biak na Bato Constitution
The final paragraph focuses on the Biak na Bato Constitution, a provisional constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution. It was promulgated on November 1, 1897, and was influenced by the Cuban constitution. The preamble of the Biak na Bato Constitution is analyzed, revealing its intent to separate the Philippines from Spanish rule and establish an independent state. The context of the constitution is discussed, including the revolutionary government led by Emilio Aguinaldo and the eventual sale of the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars. The paragraph concludes by explaining the reasons why the Biak na Bato Constitution was not fully implemented: the shift of colonial power from Spain to the US and the lack of recognition by the US government.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Constitution
💡Evolution of the Philippine Constitution
💡Biakan na Bato
💡Supreme Law of the Land
💡Separation of Powers
💡Malolos Constitution
💡Kapisan ng Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas
💡Independence
💡Relevance of the Constitution
💡Accountability
Highlights
A constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles according to which a state or organization is governed.
The Philippine Constitution is considered the supreme law of the land and has been in effect since 1997.
The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was the first fully implemented constitution in the Philippines.
The 1935 Constitution introduced the right to vote for male citizens and later extended this right to women.
The 1973 Constitution established a parliamentary government with a Prime Minister and a President.
The 1986 Freedom Constitution aimed for a more permanent constitution following a transitional government period.
The Malolos Constitution, also known as the 1899 Constitution, was the first for the first Philippine Republic and the first in Asia.
The Malolos Constitution featured a popular representative government and separation of church and state.
The 1943 Constitution, under Japanese occupation, provided a strong executive power and a unicameral National Assembly.
The Philippine Constitution's purpose is to ground the government in the people's authority and emphasize reason over emotions.
The Constitution of the Philippines ensures that power is shared among different branches and levels of government.
Thomas Jefferson emphasized that education is key for people to make better decisions in a constitutional system.
Abraham Lincoln highlighted the people's ultimate authority over the constitution and the courts.
Robert Kennedy stated that the justice and power of the law are upheld by the people in society.
The Constitution of the Philippines gives the government power and authority, reflects the people's will, and organizes the government.
The Bak na Bato Constitution was a provisional constitution during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule.
The Biak na Bato Constitution was not fully implemented due to the Treaty of Paris and the subsequent American colonization.
Transcripts
assalam Alaikum warahmatullahi wakat
everyone my name is M Abdul magid and
for this video presentation We will talk
about or discuss about the evolution of
the Philippine Constitution
and 1897 constitution of the Bak na to
so let us start with the Philippine
Constitution the Philippine Constitution
um let's First talk about what What is a
constitution so A constitution is
defined as a set of fundamental
principles and it is established
according to which a
state or other organization is governed
so um basically ang constitution is we
can Look at it as a set of rules that
guides how a country Uh state or other
organizations that involves politics so
ang constitution ay isang rulebook ng
government na sinusunod ng gobyerno
so sa lahat na nakasulat sa rulebook na
ito ay sinusunod siya ng um government
and this rule book also contains the
power the responsibilities and the
rights of the people So um it is very
illegal na i-vi olate ito ng government
or else they'll be they'll be punish by
the law So basically the word
constitution itself is often called as
the The supreme law of the land and it
is the highest law in the country so the
word the word means to be a part of a h
with the same principle and ideals so
the constitution of the Philippines The
supreme law of the Philippines The
supreme law of the Republic of the
Philippines has been in effect since um
since 1997 and um a little fun fact that
on every second of the February we
celebrate our constitution since the
latest constitution of the Philippines
was given formal consent on February 2
1997 so now let we know what the
constitution is Let's move on to the
evolution of the constitution of the
philippines so it is stated here that
the there were other constitution that
were attempted um back in the philippine
history and They were on But there were
only three constitution that were fully
Ed and these are the 1935 Commonwealth
constitution So this constitution
consists of a bike camera legislature
composed of a Senate and a house
representative um the President also was
elected to a fth year term together with
the vice president without the need to
be reelected
um It also introduced the right to vote
by male citizens of the Philippines at
the age of 21 or over 21
and was able to write and read but and
luckily um This law was extended to
women as well so the
1935 Commonwealth constitution was not
the first constitution but it was the
first to be fully implemented but but
the only problem here was
the during the World War I um the
Japanese or the World War I World War II
broke out and the Japanese invaded the
Philippines causing the constitution to
be interrupted the next constitution
which is the 1973 constitution So this
constitution was established for the
first time in the philippine history um
it it consists of a parliamentary
government with prime minister and a
President so a parliamentary government
means a type of a government where the
head of the government is elected by
people and is responsible to the
legislative power so It also introduced
the legislative power and was vested in
a unak Cameral National assembly by
elected by people um this means that
there is only one house in legislative
and this National assembly has
legislative powers means it can make
laws
and legalize all decrease proclamation
and orders of the President so the last
constitution which is the 1986 Freedom
constitution the freedom constitution
was established a in a more transitional
government and it aims for a more
permanent constitution than temporary
constitutions like the past
constitutions so let's talk about the
other constitution that were attempted
um during the Philippine
History back in the day there were six
constitution that were published in
Philippine History but among the six
constitution there were only three
constitution that were um that were
successfully implemented or successfully
governed the country So um but now let's
talk about the other constitution that
were established in order to break free
from colonial yol so let's start with
the Malolos constitution So this
constitution um stated the terror
brought by the Spain
and that it is stated in our Philippine
History that we were colonized for over
333 years and most of the Filipino
thought it was hopeless but not until
the Filipino Filipino span and the
Spanish agreement came So this agreement
was called the Biak na the pct of the
biyak na
bato it was created by by Emilio
aginaldo and his group the Spanish
government agreed to self rule in
Philippines in just three years if
Aguinaldo would go to exile and
Surrender his armies so Aguinaldo
eventually agreed to this um idea and
was exiled on in Hong Kong but the
Spaniards and Filipino didn't trust each
other so they have trust issues and the
Spaniards did not pay the Uh did not pay
the agreed amount like um but and
Likewise the Filipino didn't Surrender
their armies either So this forces
Aguinaldo to declare the Philippine
Independence on June 12 1898 but the us
and Spain secret agreement came um
called the treaty of the Paris
and and the US wanted the Philippines
for a colony as so the Spain sold the
Philippines to the US and the Filipinos
and the revolutionary was not happy
being colonized by another colonizer and
this forces again Aguinaldo to form the
Malolos Congress which was the committee
Who was assigned to make the
constitution for the first Philippine
Republic So three days after the first
republic was established the Malolos
constitution was also called the 1899
constitution as as it was the first
constitution for the first republic
constitution in
asia the features of this called 1899
constitution was a popular
representative government and second it
has a unak religious treasure called the
assembly and this means that the
assembly had the complete control over
the executive power and the President
was elected by the assembly and thirdly
it there was already a separation of the
church and the
and and the state so forth There Was Uh
there was only already a Bill Bill of
Rights and it already had a compulsary
Education now the only problem of this
constitution what was it was not fully
implemented due to the eruption of
Philippine to the US war now let's talk
about the next constitution and this
happened during the World War I broke
out and the Japanese invaded the
Philippines um and even after the
Americans surrendered the Japanese
republic was eventually established and
a new constitution was ratified in 1934
by the fipino Filipino collaborations um
called the kapisan ng paglilingkod ng
bagong pilip penas and this was now
called the 1943 constitution or the
constitution of the Japanese sponsored
and sponsored in second republic of the
Philippines the features of 1943
constitution is that the this
constitution provided a strong executive
power and second the legislature was a
un Cameral National assembly and only
the anti-us can Run for elec
now there was also a problem with this
constitution it was recognized as a
legit
legitimate only in the Japanese Japanese
controlled areas of the Philippines and
was completely ignored by the american
government and the Philippine government
and this 1943 constitution was just a
short lived constitution because the
Americans came back to us and gave as
our Independence Day on July 4
1946 So that's that's the constitution
that were attempted during during the
Philippine History And now let's talk
about the relevance of the constitution
the relevance of the constitution to the
people so let's start with the purpose
So it is stated here that the Philippine
Constitution um purpose is to ground the
government in the people's authority um
it is our reason alone rights by James
Madison and That must be placed in
control the government and Our passions
must be controlled by it um under the
constitution It takes me to do big
things we must Think before we act and
the constitution divides power across
the land and between levels branches of
government and the people and the parts
of the government must cooperate if
anything is to be done So this um this
the
purpose so that the purpose of the
Philippine Constitution explains that
the Philippine Constitution ensures that
the government is based on the authority
of the people and it emphasizes The
Reason not emotions so um that it should
guide the government
and the government's action and the
constitution also sets up a system where
power is shared among different branches
and levels of the government um this
Divisions this division requires the
cooperation between the people and the
government for any significant progress
or action to happen So it essentially it
encourage careful thinking and
collaboration to achieve big goals as a
one so Thomas Jefferson is stating here
that the power in society should always
remain with the people and if the people
are not knowledgeable enough to use that
power wisely the solution is not to take
away the power but instead they should
be educated that so that they can make a
better decisions so for Thomas Jefferson
the education is key in order to prevent
the misuse of of the power in a
constitutional
system so Abraham is stating that the
people have the ultimate authority over
constitution and the in the courts so
our role our role as a people is not to
destroy the constitution but to hold
accountable to those who misuse or
corrupt it so if the leaders abuses
their power it is our responsibility as
a people to remove them so not to and
not to get rid the constitution itself
but to make the constitution the inside
of the constitution be a better place
this Quote by Robert Kennedy um stating
that the justice and the power of the
law don't come from the don't solly come
from the constitution and the or
courts So this Quote by R Ah so this
cote by R robt Kennedy um stating that
the justice and the power of the law is
doesn't come from the constitution um
courts and The Other legal officials
instead they are upheld by the people in
society by the people in society it
means us as a people so the people both
protect the law by following it and
benefit from its protection So In other
words the strength of justice
depends on everyone working together to
respect and uphold the law or the
constitution itself objective of the
constitution is it number one It gives
the government power and authority
number two it reflects the people's will
and decisions so number three if
outlines how the government is organized
number four It also limits the
government's power to prevent um the law
abuse or the use of the constitutional
so number five it it sets the rules for
how the country is governed and number
six it guarantees certain rights to the
public that can be
enforced so number seven the last number
it corrects the government and the
people Now let's proceed to the to the
constitution of the Bak na bato so the
constitution of the Bak na bato Was A
provisionally constitution of the
philippin republic um it was during the
Philippine Revolution and that we have
to understand that This this was done
towards the end of the Spanish um
Spanish and Philippine
Revolution So it was promulgated by the
Philippine revolutionary government on
November 1 1897 so the constitution was
actually borrowed from Cuba and was
written by Isabelo art and Felix per and
it was written Spanish but Later on it
was translated into Tagalog now to
further understand the context and
concept of the unto the of this Biak
nabato Let us Look Into the preamble of
of the constitution of the Biak nabato
now the preamble of this constitution of
or the constitution of Bak nabato from
the primary primary source it stated
here that the separation of the
Philippine um from the Spanish monarchy
and the formation into dependent state
with its own government called the
Philippine Republic and has been sought
by the Revolution in next war it Began
on 24 24th of august 1896 and therefore
in It's Name by the power delegated by
the Filipino people interpreting
Faithfully their desires and Ambition We
the representatives of the Revolution in
a meeting at at the biyak na bato
was on November 1 um 1897 um adopted by
the following articles for the
constitution of the spate Uh of the
state so Upon analyzing The preamble of
the Bak na bato um ay malalaman natin
that this constitution was created to
separate the Philippines from The Hands
of the Spaniards So this definitely
speaks an independent state or a state
that is free from The Hands of The
colonizers since especially the
Spaniards since during that time we were
colonized by the Spaniards so definitely
the context and the perspective
perspective of this particular
constitution was actually based on the
revolutionary government created and
started by Andres Bonifacio Who founded
the Katipunan however this time or era
was the time of Emilio Aguinaldo and not
Andres Bonifacio and so malalaman natin
that this perspective of of constitution
is coming from the group of Aguinaldo
ngunit malalaman din natin at sa
kasamahang palad it was not fully
implemented since um In Reality because
the biyak na bato was signed between the
Spanish government and the Philippine
revolutionary army it represents by
Emilio aginaldo however all of this
happened during the Treaty of Paris of
um after the Spaniards signed the biyak
na bato the Philippines was Actually
sold by the Spaniards to the Americans
with the amount of 20 million US dollars
so the Philippines were handed over To
The Hands of the Americans so we never
really had our independent state even
after signing the truce also the b na
bato constitution the Filipino
revolutionary leaders especially the
group of Aguinaldo who led the
Revolution government accepted during
that time they accepted the payment from
the and they went to exile in Hong Kong
um Emilio aginaldo and his group were
exiled in Hong Kong because in 1987 It
was a part of the fact of biyak na b to
that an agreement with the Spanish
government and the Philippine Revolution
that to end the revol the Philippine
revolutionary temporally so Upon The
defeat of the Spanish to the Americans
in the battle of Manila Bay on May 1
1898 the us the us navy transported
Emilio aginaldo back into the
philippines so there were two reasons
why the Biak nabato was never fully
implemented so the Biak nabato was not
fully implemented because
the It ended up into a Hands of The
Spain into Into The Hands of Another
colonizers which are the um Americans
and second the US government really
never recognized the
nati That's all Thank you
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