Bakit Kailangan ang LIPUNAN at KULTURA sa Development? | Lev Vygotsky - Sociocultural Perspective
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, emphasizing the importance of social interaction and culture in a child's cognitive development. It explores the concept of 'feral children' and how isolation from human society can hinder normal development. The script also delves into the role of play in learning and the 'zone of proximal development,' where children can achieve more with guidance than alone. Vygotsky's theory is presented as complementary to other developmental theories, providing a holistic view of child development.
Takeaways
- 🧠 The importance of social interaction and cultural exposure for proper cognitive development in children is emphasized.
- 🐾 Cases of 'feral children', who grow up without human contact, demonstrate severe impairments in behavior, cognition, and personality.
- 🌱 Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural development theory posits that human development is heavily influenced by social interactions and cultural contexts.
- 🌟 Piaget focuses on the outcomes of development and the biological processes involved, while Vygotsky emphasizes the role of society and culture in cognitive development.
- 🔄 There is a distinction between lower mental functions, such as senses and perception, and higher mental functions like abstract thinking, which are more developed in humans.
- 👶 The critical period for language acquisition is crucial; missing this window can lead to permanent cognitive impairments.
- 💬 Language is a facilitator for the development from lower to higher mental functions, aiding in the internalization of cultural concepts.
- 🎲 Play and play-based learning are effective ways for children to learn new concepts and interact socially, reflecting cultural norms and values.
- 👪 The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept where children can learn more when interacting with others, especially those more capable than themselves.
- 🏗️ The concept of 'scaffolding' in education refers to temporary support provided by teachers or more knowledgeable peers to help children reach their full potential.
- 🌐 Vygotsky's theory complements other developmental theories by focusing on the process of change and the transition between developmental stages.
Q & A
What is the term used to describe children who grow up without human contact or cultural exposure?
-The term used is 'feral children,' which implies they have grown up in a state of nature, similar to wild animals, due to their lack of exposure to human culture and society.
According to the script, what are the implications of growing up without social interaction and cultural exposure?
-Growing up without social interaction and cultural exposure can lead to impaired development of cognition, personality, and behavior, resulting in individuals who struggle to adapt to society and communicate effectively.
What is Lev Vygotsky's theory on human development known as?
-Lev Vygotsky's theory on human development is known as the socio-cultural development theory, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and culture in the cognitive development of individuals.
How does social interaction play a role in the development of higher mental functions according to Vygotsky's theory?
-Social interaction is essential for the development of higher mental functions because it allows individuals to learn patterns of behavior and thinking from others, internalizing the culture around them and adapting their cognition and personality accordingly.
What is the significance of language in the development of cognitive abilities as discussed in the script?
-Language is significant in cognitive development because it facilitates the transition from lower to higher mental functions, aiding in the internalization of concepts and ideas from the culture, and enhancing communication and learning.
What is the term used to describe the period in a child's life when they are most receptive to learning language and cultural norms?
-The term used is 'critical period,' which is a time in a child's development when they are particularly sensitive to learning language and cultural norms, after which it becomes more difficult to acquire these skills.
How does play contribute to a child's development according to the script?
-Play contributes to a child's development by providing social interaction, opportunities to learn cultural norms, practice critical thinking, and engage in play-based learning, which leverages their natural curiosity and playfulness.
What is the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) as mentioned in the script?
-The 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or collaboration with others who are more capable, indicating the potential for learning with assistance.
What is the term used for the temporary support provided by a more knowledgeable person to help a child achieve their full potential?
-The term used for this temporary support is 'scaffolding,' which is analogous to the temporary structures used in construction to help build a final product, in this case, helping a child reach their full cognitive potential.
How do the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky complement each other in understanding child development?
-Piaget's theory focuses on the stages of development and the biological processes involved, while Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the social and cultural processes. Together, they provide a comprehensive view of child development, highlighting both the internal biological and external social-cultural influences.
Outlines
🧒 Development of Feral Children and Societal Impact
This paragraph discusses the hypothetical scenario where children are raised without human contact, leading to a lack of societal and cultural exposure. It explores the concept of 'feral children,' drawing parallels to cases like Genie, who was discovered unable to speak and exhibiting animal-like behaviors. The discussion aligns with Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural development theory, emphasizing the necessity of social interaction for proper cognitive and personality development. The absence of such interaction results in impaired development, as seen in cases where children were isolated from an early age.
🗣️ The Role of Language in Cognitive Development
The second paragraph delves into the importance of language in the cognitive development of children. It explains that without exposure to language and culture, children's cognitive abilities are significantly impaired. The critical period for language acquisition is highlighted, noting that if children miss this window, they may never fully develop language skills. The paragraph also touches on how social interaction and communication are essential for internalizing culture and enhancing cognitive abilities. The role of play in learning and the concept of play-based learning are introduced as ways to leverage children's natural curiosity for educational purposes.
👶 The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
This section introduces Lev Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which posits that children learn best when they are assisted by more capable peers or adults. The ZPD is described as the difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance. The paragraph uses an example of children solving problems with adult assistance to illustrate how scaffolding, or temporary support, can help children reach their full potential. The importance of social interaction and cultural context in this learning process is reiterated, emphasizing the complementary nature of Vygotsky's theory with other developmental theories.
🎓 Supporting Learning Through Membership and Engagement
The final paragraph shifts focus to the practical application of the discussed theories, particularly in the context of the channel's offerings. It mentions the benefits of membership, including access to lectures and resources for psychometrician board exam preparation. The speaker encourages viewers to support the channel, like and share the content, and subscribe for further educational material. The paragraph concludes with a reminder to enjoy the learning process and a humorous note about the speaker's nose, likely a light-hearted moment to engage the audience.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Socio-cultural development theory
💡Feral children
💡Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
💡Scaffolding
💡Play-based learning
💡Cognitive development
💡Language acquisition
💡Social interaction
💡Cultural tools
💡Critical period
Highlights
The importance of social interaction and cultural exposure in a child's development.
The concept of 'feral children' and how lack of social interaction affects their development.
Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural development theory and its emphasis on interaction for cognitive development.
The role of play in a child's social and cognitive development.
How play-based learning can be used to teach new concepts to children.
The significance of language in the transition from lower to higher mental functions.
The impact of missing out on critical periods for language acquisition.
The concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and its application in learning.
The role of 'scaffolding' in assisting a child's learning within their ZPD.
The complementary nature of Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories on cognitive development.
How societal and cultural factors are integral to a child's overall development.
The idea that a child's development is not solely biological but also heavily influenced by the environment.
The necessity of social interaction for the internalization of culture and cognitive growth.
The potential long-term effects of social isolation during a child's formative years.
The significance of play in teaching social norms and critical thinking skills.
How play can serve as a natural medium for children to learn and enjoy the learning process.
The practical application of Vygotsky's theory in enhancing a child's cognitive abilities through social interactions.
The importance of providing a supportive environment for children to reach their full potential.
The role of parents and educators as 'scaffolds' in a child's development.
Transcripts
usually lumalaki yyung mga bata or yyung
mga tao in General kasama iyung mga
magulang nila mga caregiver nila kung
may kapatid sila ' ba Pinsan Tito tito
kamag-anak and then lumalaki din sila
within the community no meron silang mga
eskwelahan merong mga churches and other
institutions na napag-usapan natin doun
sa last nating video about kay bron
venner pero What if ang nangyari is
lalaki sila ng wala lahat ng mga iyon
Kumbaga wala silang nakausap na tao wala
silang na hindi sila na-expose sa
society wala silang kulturang kinis na
no parang lumaki lang sila let's say for
example kasama yung mga ibang hayop
katulad ng mga unggoy ng mga lobo aso or
even t pa no o kaya worse What if lumaki
sila ng walang kasama and nasa isang
lugar lang sila isang parte lang ng
bahay tapos yung tanging in stimulus
lang na meron is yung parang isang table
and isang furniture So anong mangyayari
doon sa development ng isang bata kung
ganon yung mangyayari sa kanyang
formative years So marami n na- document
na ganitong mga Cas cases no na kung
saan parang inabandona sila nung bata
sila Whether it's intentional or non
intentional ang nangyari sa kanila is
lamaki naman sila nag-develop naman sila
nag-survive sila even no Pero yun nga
lang hindi natin masasabi or Mahirap
sabihin na normal yung naging
development nila as a person marami sa
kanila nung na-rescue na sila eh Hindi
sila makapagsalita no and then medyo
asal hayop din sila no ah Depende kung
anong hayop yung ah
naka-inom Anyway mga cases nga na
katulad ng kay Genie na kung saan parang
kinulong lang siya sa isang ah kwarto no
sa isang maliit na kwarto tapos ah hindi
siya kinakausap no binibigyan lang siya
ng pagkain from time to time and even
Hindi nga three times a day tapos ayun
never siyang nakapagsalita even After
nung Rescue sa kanya and yung nasasabi
niya lang is iilang words and konting
sign language so ang tawag sa mga
ganitong cases ay mga feral children no
feral meaning wild Okay so wild sila in
a sense na dahil hindi sila na expos sa
human culture and human society parang
hayop yung kanilang behavior yung
cognition nila or yung personality nila
as a whole is impaired Okay so ang mga
cases na katulad na ganito is aligned
Actually sa theory ni levski na kung
saan sabi niya para daw mag-develop ng
maayos yung isang human being eh
kailangan niyaang makipag-interact sa
ibang tao and in the process is ma-adapt
niya yyung culture or
ma-interview mag-develop ng maayos yung
cognition niya and yung personality niya
as a whole so ang tinawag sa theory na
to ni vigi ay socio cultural development
theory na siyang pag-uusapan natin sa
isa na namang episode ng human
development series so Ako si JP at huwag
na nating patagalin Roll na nating
[Musika]
intro so si levski isang Russian
psychologist na medyo kasabayan niya si
Pia J Yun nga lang mas naunang na maalam
si Vigor now Regarding sa theories Nung
dalawa si Pia J and vgsy medyo magkaiba
yung ideas nila regarding cognition and
how cognition develops si PJ kasi
nag-focus siya doon sa outcomes ng
development no and Iyung role ng
biological processes doun sa development
na iyon So basically sinasabi ni Pia J
na parang yyung development ng isang tao
is intertwine no sa biological process
na nangyayari sa isang bata or sa isang
tao in General So In other words No
habang nag-develop yung biological
processes natin and nag-develop din yung
cognitive processes natin na siyang
magagamit natin in interacting with the
world okay now si botski naman eh Medyo
hindi niya masyadong pinansin si biology
mas Binigyan niya ng pansin yung society
and culture na kinagagalawan ng isang
tao towards achieving or towards the
development nung cognition niya
umpisahan natin sa mga assumption ni
vigi so sabi ni vgsy meron daw tayong
lower mental functioning na connected sa
biological processes na meron tayo no
katulad ngung senses and and perception
no we share that with other animals din
so and then meron din tayong mga higher
mental functions katulad ng reading
writing speaking problem solving and
abstract thinking in General na kung
unang sa unang tingin is parang upgraded
version sila ng lower mental functioning
natin Okay so Kay Pia J sabi niya yyung
lower mental functions natin will
naturally develop into higher mental
function as we grow old ' ba yung mga
stages of development niya So now dun sa
conceptualization na yon Parang may
kulang no Paano
nagde-deliver
daw para mag-transform Iyung lower
mental functions to higher mental
function is that kailangan natin ng
social interaction kailangan natin ng
interpersonal communication with other
people din Okay so pamagitan daw kasi ng
pakikitungo natin sa ibang tao is
matututunan natin yung parang mga
patterns no ng behavior ng isang tao
patterns of thinking or pag-iisip ' ba o
kaya naman yung parang yung mga konsepto
nila Regarding sa mundong kinagagalawan
nila ' ba para makikita natin kung ano
Iyung perception nila no about sa world
and in turn no kukunin natin yyun no
i-internet how to act how to think that
is what we call culture Okay so In other
words We internalize the culture na
na-expose tayo sa kanila through our
interaction with other people Okay so
kapag yung isang bata ay hindi kinausap
no or hindi siya na-expose sa ibang tao
or sa kultura na meron yyung paligid
niya ang tendency is hindi siya matututo
hindi
magde-deliver nagsasalita eh mas
nagiging permanent yung impairment sa
cognition nila even after pa silang
ma-rescue so ang language kasi yun yung
nagpapadali nung proseso nung
development ng lower mental functioning
into higher mental functioning kasi pag
meron na tayong tawag or meron tayong
words No sa mga concepts or sa mga ideas
na present sa kultura natin is madali na
lang natin silang
ma-interview and kapag mas
nagko-communicate tayo sa ibang tao mas
Dumadami yung internalization na
nangyayari kapag mas dumadaming
internalization na nangyayari eh mas
tumataas no yung level nung cognitive
abilities natin So kapag hindi natuto
magsalita ang bata No for a certain
point in time no sa critical period niya
ang tendency is that hindi matututo
yyung bata and dahil hindi matututo
yyung bata parang Iyung brain mismo no
mag-a-adjust position kasi parang hindi
nagagamit so ang tendency pag tumanda
sila dahil wala na yung mga neurons na
yon na prun na sila nahihirapan silang
magac ng language pagtanda nila Okay so
ganun din naman tayo ' ba pag tumanda na
tayo h nahirapan na tayo magle ng bagong
language so sa kanila na na-miss na nila
yung opportunity to learn a language so
pagtanda nila is hindi na nila
natututunan ulit y kahit ma-rescue pa
sila and ma-expose pa sila sa society
and culture so as you can see ' ba
society and culture is really a
requirement for good development ng
isang bata So alam na natin yung effect
pag tinanggal natin yung society and
culture pero dahil alam din natin that
society and culture plays a big role no
sa development ng cognition ng isang tao
e Paano natin mate-take advantage y to
enhance further pa yung development ng
isang bata or ng tao in General so yun
yung pag-usapan natin sa next
[Musika]
chapter so ang isa sa pinakamadali or
access na way para ma-take advantage
natin yung society and culture no sa
development ng isang bata is play or
pakikipaglaro Okay Hindi yung video
games ha yung pakikipaglaro na
traditional yung nasa ilalim ka ng tirik
na araw di ba Tapos ayun with other
people Okay naman kung baby pa lang yan
of course playing with the caregiver
okay ang pakikipaglaro kasi First of all
may social interaction diyan Okay and
then usually yyung content ng mga laro
na meron tayo orung mga pinaglalaruan
natin is a reflection of what is in our
culture okay kung ano yung nasa kultura
natin as a human being and of course as
a citizen of a certain place like a
Filipino for example sa tagu-taguan ' ba
so it's a social game so matututo yung
bata kung paano makitungo sa ibang bata
matututunan niya rin kung paano sumunod
sa mga rules ' ba matututunan niya paano
manalo Paano matalo ano yung feeling
kung nanalo ka or Natalo ka ' ba and
then malalaman niya rin kung ano yung
parang socially accepted na behavior
tsaka yung mga socially hindi accepted
na behavior kunyari yung sumisilip
habang nag bibang no para nagtago yung
mga kalaro nila Okay naman syempre ' ba
may somehow critical thinking din yung
parang Iisipin niya o saan kaya pwedeng
magtago yung mga kalaro ko nito another
thing is that sa tagu-taguan parang
practice din yan eh ' ba sa para sa
adult life nila kasi sa adult life mo
marami kang hahanapin na bagay-bagay
both in a literal sense and in a
metaphorical sense so at least naag Bata
ka pa lang meron ka ng training para
doon so another thing is yung mga
Tinatawag nilang play based learning na
kung saan na tine-take advantage yung
natural curiosity and natural
playfulness ng mga bata in learning new
concepts no Like for example para Mauro
mo ng maayos yung concept of numbers or
concept of adding and subtracting pwede
naman natin silang paglaruin ng the boat
is sinking di ba group yourselves into
four and so on So In That Way an ba
parang may social aspect na iyung game
at the same time natututo sila and then
nag-e-enjoy pa sila on top of that and
as You've noticed naman mas ginagawa
natin yung isang bagay no in this case
mas natututo tayo kapag medyo masaya no
yung pagkakatuto natin that is why I
always do my best no to insert jokes no
kahit minsan pang tatay yung mga jokes
Ko by the way hindi pa ako tatay yung
jokes ko lang yung p tatay Okay so
another application din ng theory ni
vgsy is yung tinatawag niyang zone of
proximal development or zpd in short so
as mention nga kanina yyung mga bata '
ba mas natututo sila Mas marami silang
nalalaman kung nakikipag interact sila
with other people and mas madami silang
malalaman kung yung person na
makaka-inspire
kayang malaman or kayang solusyunan
provided if iga-guide tayo ng mga taong
mas magaling sa atin Okay so Siguro para
mas clear eh magbigay tayo ng examples
na binigay din ni vigi sabi niya imagine
merong dalawang bata na kaya nilang
mag-solve ng mga problems na kayang
i-solve ng mga 8 year old people tapos
binigyan sila each ng assistance ng
isang adult no kung paano mag-solve pa
ng maraming Problem no so I means same
instruction same na Ah same na adult and
then eventually n ah nagsagot na sila
ulit yung isa nakapag sagot siya ng mga
problems na typically nas
so-so
sololos no through the help nga nung
instructions nung adults so Iyung
distance na iyon no Iyung 8 to9 tsaka
Iyung 8 to 12 that is the zone of
proximal development So yun yyung
potential na kaya pang malaman ng isang
bata basta bibigyan mo siya ng
assistance ngayon ang tawag naman dun sa
assistance na binibigay nung teacher or
ng more knowledgeable other or mko is
scaffolding Okay so based yung word na
yan sa actual na Literal na scaffolding
na kung saan ito yung ginagawa ng mga
construction workers as a temporary
structure para mabuo nila yyung actual
na building na gusto nilang buuin So
parang ganun din yung ginagawa ng mga mk
' ba parang temporary help ' ba para
ma-achieve yyung full potensyal nung
isang bata okay or ng isang tao in
General so Parang sinasabi ni vigi na
kung gusto mo daw tumalino ung anak mo
no Huwag mo siyang isusubsob sa
pag-aaral pag bata pa lang siya ang
gawin mo is Hayaan mo siyaang
makipaglaro sa ibang tao no and
preferably makipaglaro siya sa mga bata
na mas ahead sa kanya no hindi naman
masyadong malayo kasi baka mabully siya
yung parang masa head sa kanya or ikaw
mismo as a parent no mag-serve ka as his
or her scaffolding ' ba para ma-reach
niya yung full potential niya as a human
person so yan ang isang application sa
theory ni lev goi also known as socio
cultural development theory
[Musika]
Okay so sa unang tingin parang
Magkakaiba yyung theory ni bron Fr
brenner ni Pia j t saka ni botski so si
Pia J kasi nag-focus siya doon sa
outcomes ng development no kung ano yung
mga stages na nag-undergo yung isang tao
and then si bron frend brenner naman is
nag-focus siya or parang win din niya
yung Focus niya dun sa bigger picture ng
development ng isang tao so si vigi
naman ang ang finocus niya is yung
proseso nung pagbabago or ng
[Musika]
pagde-deliver tsaka yyung theory ni PJ
kasi isang kulang sa theory ni PJ is
yyung process no nung transition from
stage 1 to stage 2 Ano bang nangyayari
between sensory motor stage at saka
preoperational stage ano Iyung process
na yon and ang sabi ni vigi Yung process
na yon is yung social interaction or
yung cultural internal
nung bata di ba from sensory nagiging
siyang preoperational nagkakaroon na
siya ng mind nagkakaroon na siya ng
thoughts and yung mga social
interactions na iyon is galing yun sa
kultura na meron yung sangkatauhan in
General na siya namang kukunin natin sa
theory ni bron brer so as you can see
they Actually complement each other so
Kaya nga parang si botski is siya sa
pangalang mga pillars or parang mga
foundational theory sa development ng
isang tao regularly sa child development
Okay so Ayan pag-usapan natin yung
social cultural development theory ni
lev botski and Sana may natutunan kayo
and nag-enjoy kayo kahit papaano so of
course Huwag niyong kalimutang i-like at
i-share niyo na rin to sa mga friends
niyo na naging scaffolding ninyo sa
buhay and Hwag niyong ring kalimutang
mag-subscribe Okay so Maraming maraming
salamat din sa mga members ng channel na
patuloy na sumusuporta sa ginagawa natin
dito directly Okay so if you also want
to support the channel directly eh pwede
niyong i-click yung join no sa tabi ng
subscribe button now kung apple user ka
ah Wala yung join button na yan so click
niyo na lang yung link sa description
okay Meron tayong mga binibigay na mga
Perks sa mga members natin and kung
nagpe-prepare kayo for your
psychometrician board exam I think
magiging malaking tulong ng third and
fourth ti ng membership natin kasi doon
Meron tayong mga lectures na kung saan
nagde-decide
sa channel and of course sa mga board
subjects ng psychometrician board exam
Okay so Ayun Sana makatulong sila sa
inyo Okay so with that Maraming maraming
salamat sa panonood or pakikinig kung
ano man yung ginawa niyo and as always
enjoy learning
ba-bye kaya nanganga yung ilong ko after
ng after ko magsalita ng matagal ba
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