Spanish Colonization : Arrival of the Spaniards
Summary
TLDRThis lecture covers the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, focusing on expeditions during the Age of Exploration. The instructor discusses key figures like Magellan, Saavedra, Villalobos, and Legazpi, with an emphasis on Magellan’s expedition in 1521. Topics include the Treaty of Tordesillas, motivations behind the explorations (gospel, gold, and glory), and the impact of Spanish colonization. The lecture also addresses debates on whether Magellan discovered the Philippines, the conversion of natives to Christianity, and key historical conflicts, providing a rich historical perspective on Spain’s influence in the region.
Takeaways
- 🧭 The lecture covers the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, starting from the Age of Exploration to understand Spain's motivations for colonization.
- ⛵ Ferdinand Magellan, although Portuguese, led an expedition under the Spanish crown in 1521 because he was not promoted by Portugal.
- 📜 The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the world between Spain and Portugal, with the Philippines initially falling under Portugal’s domain.
- ✝️ The 3Gs (Gospel, Gold, and Glory) were the primary motivations for Spain and other European powers during the Age of Exploration.
- 🇵🇭 There are two views on whether Magellan 'discovered' the Philippines: politically, yes, because it was stateless; historically, no, as it was already civilized.
- 🤝 Magellan converted natives to Christianity through alliances, Catholic teachings, and the promise of protection and mercy from a Christian God.
- ⚔️ The conflict between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu resulted from Lapu-Lapu's refusal to submit to Spanish authority and Christianity.
- 💡 Multiple theories exist on Magellan's death, ranging from mutiny, sea creature attacks, or simply poor strategic planning during the Battle of Mactan.
- 📍 The name 'Philippines' originates from the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, who named the islands after Prince Philip II of Spain.
- 🏛️ Miguel Lopez de Legazpi successfully established the first Spanish colony in Cebu and was later named the first Governor-General of the Philippines.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the lecture?
-The main topic of the lecture is the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, focusing on the Age of Exploration and the different expeditions, particularly Magellan's and Legazpi's expeditions.
Why is the Age of Exploration important in understanding Spain’s colonization of the Philippines?
-The Age of Exploration is important because it explains how European countries, particularly Spain, sought new territories and resources, leading to their colonization of the Philippines.
What are the 3Gs that motivated European explorers during the Age of Exploration?
-The 3Gs refer to Gospel, Gold, and Glory. Gospel represents the religious motivation to spread Christianity, Gold stands for the economic aspect of exploration, and Glory represents the political prestige and honor for explorers.
Why did Magellan, a Portuguese, work for Spain instead of Portugal?
-Magellan worked for Spain because he was not promoted to captain in Portugal and offered his services to Spain. The Spanish king, eager to claim the valuable Moluccas (near the Philippines), accepted Magellan’s offer to find a western route to the east.
Was it correct to say that Magellan discovered the Philippines?
-There are two schools of thought. Politically, Magellan is credited with discovering the Philippines because it lacked a unified state. Historically, the Philippines was not discovered as it was already a civilized society with its own governance and laws.
How did Magellan convince the natives to convert to Christianity?
-Magellan used alliances, the superiority of Spanish weapons, the simplicity of Christianity (one merciful God vs. multiple pagan gods), and the principle of love to convince the natives to convert to Christianity.
What led to the conflict between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu?
-The conflict arose when Magellan was informed that Lapu-Lapu refused to accept Christianity or submit to the Spanish crown. Magellan decided to attack Lapu-Lapu, leading to the Battle of Mactan.
Did Lapu-Lapu personally kill Magellan?
-While Lapu-Lapu is often credited with killing Magellan, various theories suggest that Magellan's death may have been due to overconfidence, mutiny within his ranks, or even exaggerated tales involving sea creatures. However, Lapu-Lapu is held responsible due to command responsibility.
Who first successfully circumnavigated the world?
-Although Magellan led the first expedition intended to circumnavigate the world, he died in Mactan. His remaining crew, specifically Juan Sebastián Elcano, completed the journey back to Spain, making him the first to successfully circumnavigate the world.
How did the Philippines get its name?
-The name 'Philippines' was given by Ruy López de Villalobos in honor of Prince Philip II of Spain during his expedition in the 1540s.
Outlines
🔍 Introduction to the Age of Exploration
The lecture begins by introducing the Age of Exploration and its significance to Spain’s colonization of the Philippines. It emphasizes the expeditions led by Magellan, Saavedra, Villalobos, and Legaspi, with a special focus on Magellan and Legaspi. The lecturer, Jayas Tohapio, sets the context by explaining how Spain and Portugal divided the world following the Treaty of Tordesillas and how Spain sought to expand its empire. The motivations behind these explorations are highlighted, namely the 3 Gs: Gospel, Gold, and Glory, driving European powers to fund expeditions despite their risks.
⛵ Magellan's Journey for Spain
Magellan’s background as a Portuguese explorer working for Spain is discussed. Initially, he offered his services to Portugal but, after not being promoted, he switched allegiance to Spain. Magellan’s plan was to reach the east by traveling west, which would allow Spain to claim territories like the Philippines despite the Treaty of Tordesillas. The question of whether Magellan 'discovered' the Philippines is explored through two schools of thought: political science (focusing on statelessness) and historical perspective (focusing on the existing civilizations).
🤝 Conversion to Christianity and Alliances
Magellan's strategy for converting natives to Christianity is explained. He used alliances by offering protection to local leaders against rival barangays. The superiority of Spain’s weapons also played a role in forming these alliances. The lecture explains how Catholicism, with its concepts of one merciful God and the principle of love, appealed to the natives compared to their polytheistic beliefs. This transition to Christianity was seen as more practical and peaceful, promoting unity over conflict between local tribes.
⚔️ The Death of Magellan and Debates Around It
The lecture delves into the controversial topic of Magellan's death. Various theories are presented, such as overconfidence and inadequate preparation during the battle in Mactan, leading to his defeat. Another theory is that there was a mutiny among his crew due to Magellan being Portuguese, which contributed to his downfall. A more fantastical theory suggests that sea creatures attacked the Spanish forces. While it’s widely believed that Lapu-Lapu killed Magellan, the lecture invites students to question traditional narratives and investigate primary sources.
🌍 The First Circumnavigation of the World
Although Magellan is often credited with the first circumnavigation of the world, he died before completing the journey. The lecture clarifies that the expedition continued under other commanders, with only a few ships making it back to Spain. The Treaty of Tordesillas is revisited, explaining how Portugal’s control over the east hindered Spain's return routes. The lecture then transitions into a discussion about the immense wealth found in the Philippines and other expeditions that followed, such as those led by Saavedra, Villalobos, and Legaspi.
🇪🇸 The Villalobos Expedition and Naming of the Philippines
The Villalobos expedition is highlighted for its role in naming the Philippines after Prince Philip II. The expedition sought to gather spices and information about the islands. The lecture explains how earlier expeditions by Magellan and Saavedra were aimed at exploring these regions, but Villalobos’s crew made more significant advances. The naming of the archipelago as 'Las Islas Filipinas' is an important outcome of this expedition, cementing Spain's claim over the territory.
🏰 The Legacy of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
The final section of the lecture focuses on Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who is credited with successfully establishing the first Spanish colony in the Philippines with minimal bloodshed. Legazpi’s expedition is noted for completing the western route to the Philippines, a feat that aided in the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Legazpi became the first Governor-General of the Philippines, and the settlement of La Villa del Santissimo Nombre de Jesús (in Cebu) became Spain's first major base in the country. The lecture concludes by inviting students to ask further questions in the class forum.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Age of Exploration
💡Treaty of Tordesillas
💡Ferdinand Magellan
💡3 G's (Gospel, Gold, Glory)
💡Barangay
💡Lapulapu
💡Christianity
💡Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
💡Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
💡Expedition
Highlights
Introduction to the lecture on the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines, starting with the Age of Exploration to understand why Spain colonized the Philippines.
Emphasis on the Magellan and Legaspi expeditions as major focal points of the discussion.
Explanation of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, which divided the world between Spain and Portugal, with the Philippines initially falling under Portugal's sphere.
The 3Gs (Gospel, Gold, and Glory) as the main motivations for Spanish exploration: spreading Christianity, economic gain, and political prestige.
Magellan's background: A Portuguese working for Spain after being passed over for promotion by Portugal.
The dual perspective on whether Magellan 'discovered' the Philippines, exploring both political science and historical views.
Methods used by Magellan to convert natives to Christianity, focusing on alliances, protection, and the appeal of a merciful Christian God.
Discussion on the conflict between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu, examining the factors that led to the battle of Mactan.
Debate on whether Lapu-Lapu actually killed Magellan, with alternative theories such as a mutiny on Magellan's ship.
Magellan’s crew, despite his death, continued the first circumnavigation of the globe, but the Philippines remained significant in future Spanish expeditions.
Post-Magellan expeditions in the Philippines, including those led by Saavedra, Villalobos, and Legaspi, aimed at consolidating Spain's presence in the region.
Villalobos' expedition naming the archipelago 'Las Islas Filipinas' after Prince Philip II of Spain.
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi's role in successfully establishing a Spanish colony in the Philippines with relatively little bloodshed.
The Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade route, established after the Legaspi expedition, became a vital economic link between Spain and the Philippines for 300 years.
Legaspi named the first governor-general of the Philippines by the Spanish crown, solidifying Spain's colonial governance.
Transcripts
for this lecture we will be learning
about the arrival of the spanners we
will start with the age of exploration
simply because
through this we will know why spain
colonize the philippines
then after we will be discussing about
the different expeditions
namely magellan saavedra villalobos
and legaspi with much given emphasis
with the magellan and the gatsby
expedition
let's start good day
my name is jayas tohapio and i will be
your lecturer for this topic
as i have mentioned a while ago this
topic is all about the arrival of the
spaniards
and we will not really proceed
immediately to the
expeditions of magellan in 1521 but we
will be discussing
the age of expiration according to
different historians
during the renaissance period the most
significant or the most striking thing
that happened
is again as i have mentioned the age of
exploration
so this is the time where in the
european countries have
put their funds and their strength into
finding different expeditions now to
know more about this
let's watch this short video
how was the video were you able to get
all the information that was actually
mentioned there
or imagine the whole confused bahayo del
subram damien treatise in dimension
but again just to give emphasis your
video in new york it was just really
talking about
how spain and portugal have the world
for their exploration
so let's just mention again the treaty
of targasil yes it was signed on 1494
when this was signed spain owned half of
the world wishes on the west and
portugal on the east
so technically in pilipinas it belongs
to portugal for exploration
okay now the question is why do they do
it
regardless of how expensive and
regardless of how
dangerous an expedition is a lot of
people are still very much willing to do
it
and in fact the king and the queens of
portugal and spain are also
very much willing to fund these
expeditions their main motivation
is what we call as the 3gs which is the
gospel
gold and glory
gospel gospel stands for religion
so this is their motivation to spread
christianity
and then after that we have gold which
is the economic aspect of it
so basically trading and then we have
glory which is the political
aspect and also the prestige for the
explorers
so again those are the 3gs which is the
main motivation
of the explorers in the 15th century
you have heard of him you've already
know him in fact i think
he was mentioned from your primary years
and even in your high school years
ferdinand magellanis or ferdinand
magellan
but you know aside from the person who
arrived here in the philippines in 1521.
established non-colonies of philippines
or in the spanish colonies of
philippines but
it's not really um that story or it did
not happen
that again so ferdinand magellan
was a portuguese working for spain
he was leading other expedition before
he went to the philippines in 1521.
now to know more about his expedition
and what led him to work for the crowd
of spain
let's watch this short video
[Music]
[Music]
let us first cut the lecture and answer
some questions i am ramon b bellano iii
and i will be answering some of the
questions usually asked in the class
[Music]
for the first question for his last
expedition
why was magellan working for the crown
of spain instead of portugal
it is a known fact that magellan is not
really a spanish
it's not a spaniard but actually
portuguese
but the problem is that he was been
working with the portuguese
fleet for quite a time and the problem
is he was not
promoted to being a captain so since he
was not being promoted
he wanted to to start an expedition as a
captain
so he offered these services instead to
the rival of
the port of portugal which is actually
spain and since he offered
a very nice package to the king of spain
he was taken by the king of spain
because the king of spain was very
desperate at that time
to actually get mulukas is near the
philippines
it's actually present day indonesia so
magellan said that it can actually go to
the east
by passing to the west so if you
remember the treaty of tor de cillias
the west belongs to spain where the east
belongs to portugal
and technically the philippines belongs
to portugal
but if magellan can continue going to
the west
and arrive at the east they can actually
claim
that the philippines or molokas at the
time is actually part of
spain so for the next question is it
right to say that magellan discovered
the philippines
there are actually two schools of
thought in this question
the first one is on the political
science perspective
and under political science for uh for a
territory to be discovered
the territory must be stateless
now if you are looking at political
science we can actually say that the
philippines
is discovered why because we don't still
have a philippine state at that time
so although we have a government through
barangay but these barangays are
actually not united
and they are actually at war against
each other and we will discover that
later on
in this lecture um but in the
historical perspective they would say
that the philippines is not discovered
because
state the the concept of state is not
important
what's important is the concept of
civilization
where the native civilized when the
spaniards came
so if we try to look at history the
philippines was not discovered
because we were already civilized at
that time we have our
state we have our barangay laws now we
have our own um
governance right we already have our
justice system
so the philippines is relatively uh
civilized although we are not yet known
at that time
so in that answer we can we can probably
say
it depends on what schools what school
of thought you are trying to adhere to
now for the next question
how did magellan convince the natives
and others to convert to christianity
it's very simple okay first is the
concept of
um alliance or friendship so remember
you
spain they actually have sophisticated
weapons way better than the natives
so for that
and others who actually made a
compact with magellan for them
it's a good alliance with magellan
because they can actually have a big
brother
who can protect them protect them from
other warring tribes
so mas maganda mas balakas
so it could help them in their war
against other barangays
the second answer would be because of
the principles
of catholicism that for example there is
only one god
in in the catholic faith there's only
one god okay
but with uh with the religion of the
natives with the
paganistic religion there are many gods
sun god mountain god they see god
and they have to actually offer to these
gods
of offering so um
adhering to christianity it's actually
more practical because there's only one
god
third is that the god of the christians
are way more merciful than the gods of
the
natives okay so's offers
[Music]
is that the the god is actually merciful
you will be forgiven and lastly
is the concept of love okay so
christianity is under the the principle
of love
love your neighbor love god as you love
you
as you love yourself so um
at this concept they were actually
trying to convince themselves that
it would actually cause peace whenever
they would be converted to
christianity because instead of going to
war
against other baron guys they can
actually just love each other
on the next question what was the cause
of conflict between magellan
and so technically
are not in conflict
in fact so back it
if you've been there you notice that
it's actually just one island
one bridge away so what happened is that
told magellan that lapulapu does not
believe
in christianity and aside from that does
not want to actually
uh be faithful to the king of spain
so what magellan did was to
instead attack uh
but the next question is more
interesting
okay was it really who killed magellan
so this is the one million dollar
question
and in fact it has been asked when you
were in elementary and you were in high
school
and this has been a topic in some of the
game shows
now if you remember the objectives of
readings in philippine institute
again why do we still have a philippine
history
when in fact you are already in college
you have philippine history when you're
in elementary you have philippine
history when you
were in high school and even i think
some parts some subjects of your
senior high so why still discuss this
now if you remember
the objective of readings in philippine
history is actually to teach you
critical thinking
so would you really accept the fact
so you have to ask now let me
tell you several answers that will prove
that
uh magellan was not killed by la punapo
right the first one is that if you
remember this is actually a batter
and in a batter
you will observe your number one
contraband
[Music]
[Music]
okay so they were overconfident that
did not actually bring all of his people
screwed and continue i think he only
brought three ships
a few of his crew members now
pandating
[Music]
and his crew members will have to go
down the ship
and some stories
if you try to look at the pictures
they have pencilla because of the water
some of them
actually drown and of course not since
uh because of the heavy
metal um
[Music]
second is that uh there are stories
nothing i don't mention
because of um curiosity of what happened
there are now phd students who are doing
dissertation on this topic and i have
come to know
of this uh professor in be called
that he actually did a dissertation on
majella and he went to spain
and gathered enough talagang primary
sources now you know prime minister says
[Music]
he was already killed so we
but second which is more credible is
that there was actually a mutiny
on the ship of magellan why
because if you remember magellan is not
spanish
it's actually portuguese now during
their travel
going to the philippines when they
discovered the philippines
because they never thought that the
pacific ocean was that large
so you see that i don't know they were
hoping that online
[Music]
and the third which is more interesting
uh
for me very interesting though
and this according to is that it's
according to those
[Music]
before uh that that when they
attacked when they went to maktan they
were attacked by
sea creatures can you imagine that they
were attacked by sea
creatures so of course no i know
you're already laughing also buying
teachers
they were attacked by sea creatures so
an explanation is that genital
okay what is
that so of course your answer sir is
that it's a secret tour
so young is a good partly unions are
good
um there is i don't know may may theory
that la pulatu was not even
in fact his real name okay there were
there were i don't know there were
theories
that in terms
they were figuratively
[Music]
and of course these
still headed by lapulapu so by virtue of
command responsibility is the one group
was the one who killed majana but not
literally
killed machiavelli so i hope no you
might have no questions you still have
a lot of questions you don't arrive you
have a lot of things to go through
that american occupation and japanese
occupation
third republican president president
nathan
i hope you have those questions no you
don't just accept no i know when you
were elementary in high school pakistan
and we already accept that but in
college you know
we have to look at the primary sources
and understand the primary sources
and even think critically more just to
ask these questions
so i hope i answered some of your
questions and if you have more questions
um your teachers would gladly answer
them so you have your
group chat or or your your query uh
button in your in your moodle so you
just ask your questions
with your teacher so again this is
romantic
and i hope that i will i was able to
answer
your questions thank you and good day
[Music]
and i'm back i hope to enjoy ninoy you
small
moment in yo insert mondeleno no
tahadami interesting factual information
that he actually shared from this
lecture but now the
gameplay
who first circumnavigated the world well
in fact he actually died in matan
so the answer is no he laddered the
first
um expedition that aims to
circumnavigate the world but he was not
able to circumnavigate the world
horror movies
you only had three ships left and the
only ships that could go out of it
is tu s
and then the other one actually headed
to the indian ocean
and if you remember from the treaty of
tordesillas
is belongs to portugal so they were
basically caught by the portuguese
and they were sent back to spain so that
is a story
of who and what expedition
first circle navigated the world so
after the magellan expedition spain have
discovered
how rich the philippines is in terms of
resources
if you're going to go back with the 3gs
as i have mentioned a while ago
one of the factors why they really
wanted to fund this expedition is
because of glory new economic aspects
if you actually go to um in surigao or
if you actually see documentaries in
youtube um you will see
that there are a lot of documentaries
stating how rich
this areas are well
during the age of exploration they
really wanted to go to maluka's which is
now part of indonesia because of spices
and
when they actually went here in the
philippines and some of them were able
to come back
in spain
pilipinas
[Music]
but the question is
because of course the route is not easy
and even though magellan or
some people of magellan were able to
come back to spain
and they also need to adhere with the
treaty of tardy syria as well
saying that they could not actually
travel to east because that belongs to
portugal
so now we will be discussing some of the
other expeditions that went here in the
philippines
namely we have as you can
[Music]
exponential luisa just said
lucas and before shanghai
limited information even if you're gonna
look for it in history books
so after that we have alvaro saved
rasarion who had an
expedition in 1527 he set out to
investigate
what had happened to the two earlier
expeditions and rescue
any survivors they could find which is
the magellan and the weiss
so maybe that is actually the goal of
salvador
and then after that we have another
important expedition which is headed by
rue
lopez de he was instructed to proceed to
the philippines
specifically to of course gather much
more spices and
also to give much more or to gather
information
about the natives that is living in the
philippines during that time
now villanueva's expedition is actually
very important as well
one of the captain from the villalobos
expedition
is named bernardo de la torre and then
he was
leading the ship named san
okay now going back to the topic um
during the time when rui lopez
villalobos is actually here in the
philippines he instructed
bernardo de la torre to go to leyte
jungle
north and tawagnath
bernardo
in honor of by then prince philip ii
so again it's not the whole philippines
filipinas so that is
again rui lopez de villalobos and that
is how the archipelago
acquired its name now let's go to miguel
lopez delegate i think you are all very
familiar with miguel lopez de la gaspi
as well
he garnered the name adelentado because
according to the
crown of spain to the king of spain he
was able
to uh establish a colony here
in the philippines now almost bloodless
now now holland and machado war
compared to the other colonies that they
had and compared to
other the other ways on how they tried
to pacify the other colonies that they
had
so let's know more about miguel lopez de
legacy
let's know more about the legacy
expedition with this
key four points first is coordinator
completes the western now now the
question is actually a crease
that accompanied omni gasping has
expedition
if you could actually read it um there
will always be this piece
that would accompany the expedition
if you remember from the 3gs one of it
is gas spell
so in order for them to really um spread
christianity and for order for them to
conduct masses they need a piece of
board
and also another important role of this
piece
is to write just to have their diaries
and write
all their observations
[Music]
expedition kusanso mama father ordanetta
is
a survivor from the luisa expedition and
he is also very much
interested in cartography and also
discovering routes just like the other
expeditions just like magellan
columbus and so on and so forth so when
he actually returned
to spain he was very much interested to
go
to another expedition because according
to him he will be able
to complete his western ground well
he did for the gas expedition he was
able to do that now this route
will be used by the manila acapulco
gallantry
later on as spain will be colonizing the
philippines for 300 years
now let's go back to legacy again he was
named the governor general he is the
first
governor in general of the philippines
and was
named by the king of spain as adalentaro
the philippines
for he successfully establish a colony
here in the country
and then number three la villa del
santissimo nombre de jesus is the first
spanish settlement in the philippines
which is located in symbol
but they move this in intramuros
and there they really built the center
of the colony so that is why even up
until now our center
is actually located in brazil
[Music]
remember if you have any questions you
may just post it in the inquiry and
concern section in your ge 1210 online
classrooms
homepage or reserve it during our
synchronous class i hope you've learned
a lot from this lecture
and see you again in the next one
you
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