Quarter I Grade 10 Science Review
Summary
TLDRThis first quarter review in Science 10 covers key learnings on the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain belts. It connects these to plate tectonic theory, explaining different types of plate boundaries and processes. The review also delves into the Earth's internal structure, causes of plate movement, and evidence supporting plate tectonics. It discusses the significance of magnitude in earthquakes and tsunamis, and the formation of geological features at convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. The session concludes with an encouragement to review these topics for the upcoming examination.
Takeaways
- 🌋 Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts.
- 🌏 Relate these distributions to plate tectonic theory.
- 🔍 Identify different types of plate boundaries and explain the processes that occur along them.
- 📍 Use at least three seismic stations to locate an earthquake epicenter.
- 💥 Earthquake magnitude indicates the energy released and its potential to cause tsunamis.
- 🌌 Understand the geologic processes at convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries.
- 🏔️ Continental to continental convergent boundaries can lead to mountain formation.
- 🌊 Continental to oceanic convergent boundaries can result in trenches and subduction zones.
- 🌐 Oceanic to oceanic convergent boundaries can form deep ocean trenches.
- 🌀 Divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges.
- 🔥 Hotspots, like those responsible for volcanic island arcs, can be the source of a series of volcanoes.
- 🌎 Discussed the internal structure of the Earth, including crust, mantle, and core.
- 🔍 Evidence supporting plate movement includes continental fits, fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits.
Q & A
What are the three essential learning competencies covered in the first quarter of Science 10?
-The three essential learning competencies covered are: 1) Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts. 2) Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonic theory. 3) Describe the different types of plate boundaries, explain the different processes that occur along the plate tectonic boundaries, and enumerate all the lines of evidence that support plate movement.
How are the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges typically related?
-Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges are commonly located in the same areas, often where tectonic plate movements are significant.
What is the minimum number of seismic stations required to locate an earthquake epicenter?
-At least three seismic stations are required to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.
What is the significance of earthquake magnitude in relation to tsunamis?
-The magnitude of an earthquake is a numerical value representing the energy released. Higher magnitudes typically result in greater impacts, including higher tsunamis, which can be very disastrous.
What are the three types of plate boundaries and their corresponding geologic processes?
-The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, where forces move towards each other; divergent, where forces move away from each other; and transform fault, where forces slide past each other.
What are some possible geologic formations that can occur at convergent plate boundaries?
-At convergent plate boundaries, possible formations include mountains or hills (continental to continental), trenches or subduction zones (continental to oceanic), and deep ocean trenches (oceanic to oceanic).
How does the process of seafloor spreading contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust?
-Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-oceanic ridges where new oceanic crust is formed by the rise of magma, which hardens to become new sea floor. This process is driven by convection currents in the mantle.
What is the role of the Earth's core in relation to its magnetic field?
-The Earth's core, particularly the outer core, is responsible for generating the magnetic field due to the movement of molten iron and other metals under extreme temperatures and pressures.
What is the significance of hotspots in the context of plate tectonics?
-Hotspots are areas of intense heat within the mantle that can create a series of volcanoes or volcanic island arcs. The oldest volcano in a chain is usually closest to the hotspot, while the youngest is the closest to the current volcanic activity.
What evidence supports the continental drift theory?
-Evidence supporting continental drift includes the continental jigsaw puzzle (where the edges of continents fit together), matching fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits across continents, indicating they were once connected.
Outlines
🌋 Earth Science Review: Plate Tectonics and Geological Events
The first paragraph reviews key learnings from the first quarter of a science course, focusing on the distribution of geological phenomena like active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain belts. It emphasizes the importance of plate tectonics theory in understanding these distributions. The discussion also includes the types of plate boundaries and the processes occurring along them. The instructor highlights the significance of understanding these concepts for practical applications, such as predicting the impact of earthquakes and tsunamis. Additionally, the paragraph touches on the use of seismic stations to locate earthquake epicenters and the concept of magnitude as a measure of energy released during earthquakes.
🌏 Geological Processes and Formations at Plate Boundaries
The second paragraph delves into the various geological processes and formations associated with different types of plate boundaries. It discusses how convergent boundaries, both continental-continental and continental-oceanic, can lead to the formation of mountains, hills, trenches, and subduction zones. The paragraph also explains how oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries can result in deep ocean trenches. The concept of divergent boundaries is explored, detailing how continental rifting can form features like cliffs, canyons, and rift valleys, while oceanic rifting can lead to the creation of mid-ocean ridges. The paragraph further connects these geological processes to broader geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic activity.
🌐 Earth's Internal Structure and Plate Movements
The third paragraph discusses the internal structure of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. It differentiates between continental and oceanic crusts and describes the asthenosphere within the upper mantle as the site of many geological events. The paragraph also covers the concept of hot spots and their role in the formation of volcanic island arcs. The discussion extends to seafloor spreading and convection currents, explaining how these processes contribute to the creation of new oceanic crust and the movement of tectonic plates. The paragraph concludes by mentioning the theories of continental drift and seafloor spreading, highlighting the contributions of Alfred Wegener and Harry Hess to the understanding of these phenomena.
📚 Evidence Supporting Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
The fourth and final paragraph summarizes the evidence supporting the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics. It mentions the continental jigsaw puzzle, where the shapes of continents fit together, and the presence of similar fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits across different continents as indicators of past connections. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of these evidences in validating the theories and provides a concluding note of encouragement for students to study and understand these concepts for their examinations.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Active Volcanoes
💡Earthquake Epicenters
💡Mountain Belts
💡Plate Tectonics
💡Plate Boundaries
💡Convergent Plate Boundary
💡Divergent Plate Boundary
💡Transform Fault Plate Boundary
💡Internal Structure of the Earth
💡Sea Floor Spreading
💡Convection Currents
Highlights
Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts.
Relate the distribution to plate tectonic theory.
Describe different types of plate boundaries and processes along them.
Enumerate evidence supporting plate movement.
Identify locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges.
Use at least three seismic stations to locate earthquake epicenters.
Magnitude of earthquakes relates to the energy released and potential tsunami impact.
Describe geologic processes at convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries.
Discuss the formation of mountains, hills, trenches, and deep ocean trenches at plate boundaries.
Explain the concept of subduction zones and their relation to trenches.
Describe the formation of cliffs, canyons, and rift valleys at divergent boundaries.
Discuss seafloor spreading and the birth and death of seafloor at ridges and trenches.
Relate convection currents to the formation of new seafloor.
Explain the creation of fault lines at transform fault plate boundaries.
Discuss the internal structure of the Earth, including crust, mantle, and core.
Describe the role of hotspots in the creation of volcanic island arcs.
Discuss seafloor spreading and its evidence from mid-oceanic ridges.
Present evidence supporting continental drift theory, including continental fit, fossils, rock formations, and coal deposits.
Transcripts
Good day everyone so Welcome to our
first quarter review in Science
10 Let us have first a short recap of
the most essential learning competencies
that you have already covered in terms
of our discussion during the first
quarter so the first one is describe the
distribution of active volcanoes
earthquake epicenters and major mountain
belts second one we have describe and
relate the distribution of active
volcanes earthquake epicenters and major
mountain belts to play tectonic theory
and Third one we have Describe the
different types of plate boundaries for
one explain the different processes that
occur along the PL tectonic boundaries
and we have also describe the internal
structure of the Earth describe the
possible causes of plate movement and
lastly enumerate all the lines of
evidences that supports the plate
movement so first things first what we
have tackled here during your first
topic in the earth science subject
during quarter one is that we have
Describe the different locations of
volcanoes earthquakes as well as
mountain ranges that they are Actually
located in one particular area or
commonly in one particular area and
commonly they are also located where the
other events happen such as volcanoes
earthquakes mountain ranges um yun po
yyung sabihin po nating location kung
nasaan yung majority ng mountain ranges
n Saan Iyung majority ng earthquake as
well as volcano they are commonly um the
same or the same location na sinasabi po
natin dito so last time po we have
identified that um
the first lesson during the first lesson
that we have nangyari po natin dito ay
na-discuss po natin ng pag locate ng
earthquakes epicenter and we have
mentioned that in order for us to locate
the earthquakes epicenter we have to use
at least three seismic stations
or sabihin po natin yung mga stations na
ginagamit ng FX or Philippine Institute
of volcanology cosmology um In order for
them to locate the epicenter or the
center of the earthquake Okay po you
have already your activity number one um
that has been implemented In order for
you to locate the earthquakes epicenter
using three seismic stations because you
cannot use two seismic stations only
because you have 5050 chance that your
prediction will be correct or net So yun
po yung pinaka major things that we have
tackled here another thing is pertaining
to earthquake pertaining to magnitude
most
specifically kapag sinabi po nating
magnitude This is Actually the numerical
value of Uh the energy
released Okay po the energy released of
the earthquake so commonly the higher
the
magnitude the greater the impact of
Tsunami is or the greater the tsunami is
so meaning to say kapag mas mataas yung
magnitude mas mataas din po yung taas ng
Tsunami the moment na mas mataas yung
taas ng Tsunami automatically that is
very disastrous in our lives Okay po so
sana tandaan po natin yan alr So
um another thing that we have tackled
already is pertaining to the description
of Uh different plate boundaries as well
as its processes that occur along the
plate boundaries so we have tackled
different geologic processes of the
convergent divergent and then the
transform pult boundary and of course
the possible geologic events that may
happen during those processes Okay po so
dito sa geologic processes natin
Familiar very Familiar na kayo dito no
convergent the Forces are moving towards
each other
divergent we have the Forces are moving
away from one another and then the
transform fault plate boundary Is The
force is splitting apart from one
another Okay po so there are different
geologic formations that are possible
through continental to continental
continental to oceanic and then oceanic
to oceanic geologic
formations so during this times um when
you talk about ent plate boundary in
terms of the continental to continental
there is a possibility of the formation
of mountains or Hills while when you
talk about the continental oceanic in
terms
of convergent plate boundary we can
possibly have here the trenches or where
the SL pool or the subduction happens
You have to try to understand that these
three concepts under continental to
oceanic convergence are somehow similar
to one another right so the subduction
or the slub pool is the location where
the trenches are and of course the slab
pool pertains to one particular ocean
floor that is
subducted going to the melting point of
a particular oceanic rest going to the
upper mtel hanggang po siya ay mave na
right and then of course we have also
here oceanic to oceanic
convergence wherein deep ocean trenches
can be formed by means
of one older oceanic crust will tend to
subduct below the new oceanic crust Kaya
nga po mas malalim po ito Actually yyung
mga deep ocean trenches po na sinasabi
po natin dito yung mga older sea floor
tends to um than the newer seaf Flor
kasi based on our discussion na mas
mabigat po yung older seafloor or older
oceanic rust than the newer oceanic rust
so tatandaan po natin Ian na so again
these are very important in your
Periodical Test kasi po dito po natin um
malalaman if you have the base knowledge
in order for you to answer those solo
questions po natin na very practical in
a sense that it was related Those Were
related to the real life or practical
scenarios that are presented in your
periodical exam Okay going back to the
divergent plate boundary we have also
here a continental to continental
geologic formation um that is through
clips canyons and then Rift valleys
sinabit po natin sa divergent plate
boundary these are forces moving away
from one another so definitely If one
particular crust will move away from one
another commonly TH those um crust will
produce Or will form a particular crack
or
fishes in a particular location so
therefore cliffs canyons and then Rift
valleys will form definitely so that is
under the continental to continental um
divergent plate boundary so another
thing is the oceanic to oceanic plate
boundary oceanic to oceanic divergent
plate boundary will try to Uh form what
you call as the ridges so dito po sa
reges na ito nangyayari po ang tinatawag
po nating sea Flor spreading the birth
of the sea Flor happens in the ridges
while The Death of the sea floor happens
on the trenches kanina po binanggit
natin sa trenches na doon po siya
nagme-message po na
new ocean floor or the sea floor
spreading po na sinasabi natin and one
particular force here aside from the
divergent plate boundary is Iyung
tinatawag po nating R push Okay po or
the center part of the ocean floor or
the oceanic rust tends to be pushed away
in order to rise a particular magma to
form a new sea floor by means of the
hardened magma na sinasabi po natin or
yung naging lava tapos naging bat pa
that will be considered as a new c floor
here and to tell you that um This is
also related to Um what you call as
convection current because convection
current also contributes to the
formation of the new se FL Later on
We'll try to go about that right so
under the transform fault play boundary
one of the geologic formations that may
happen here is of course the creation of
fault lines in the different um geologic
formations or geologic types here such
as continental to continental
continental to oceanic and then oceanic
to oceanic transform f plate boundary so
commonly po
Um two of the major geologic events that
may happen in terms of these processes
are earthquakes and then tsunamis as
what you can see on the screen that you
have makikita po natin na geologic
events are commonly tsunamis and then
earthquakes ang iba po diyan there is a
possibility of volcano that can be
formed through these plate boundary
movements na sinasabi po natin dito
Right so I'm hoping that you can get
that those topics that we are discussing
Sana po po yan sa utak natin na all
right going
ahead we have also tackled um we have
also described the internal structure of
the Earth we have also described the
possible causes of plate movements and
of course we have enumerated the lines
of evidences that supports the plate
movement commonly po na-discuss natin
yung crust mantle and then the core in
terms of the internal structure of the
earth
Okay po so napag-usapan natin crust as
two major types the continental and then
the oceanic crust and mantle has also
two types the upper and then the lower
mantle sa upper mantle natatagpuan po
nating asthenosphere or commonly This is
the most liquid portion of the mantle
wherein all events happen here such as
an earthquake it nagmumula halos ang
earthquake yung tinatawag nating
boundary ng asthenosphere and then
upper mantle na m discontinuity or
tinatawag po ninyong moho
discontinuity okay and of course
commonly sa mantle din po nangyayari
yung common na tinatawag po nating heart
spots and of course lastly we have um
the core the inner and then the outer
core the inner core as what we have
mention that um they are considered to
be solid because of the immense pressure
and then the temperature that is
interacting Upon The Core and Usually
the core is also responsible for the
magnetic field of our
Earth's crust or earth's Uh interior Yan
po and we have also tackled the heart
spots you have your activity number five
pertaining to heart spots that hot spots
Are hot plum that are responsible for
the creation of the series of volcanoes
or tinatawag nating mga volcanic Island
arc na commonly Iyung pinakaunang nag-ok
na volcano I considered to be the oldest
and then the newest will be the recent
one All right so sana tatandaan po natin
iyan and of course we have also tackle
the sea floor spreading and then the
convection current convection current
can be related to the concept of boiling
a
In order for them to distribute the heat
within the liquid there should be a
Movement in terms of the liquid that's
the reason why
um commonly the cooler temperature or
the lower temperature tends to move
downward and then the hotter temperature
tends to move upward in order to
distribute its heat Okay po sana po
tatandaan po natin yan and then of
course C floor spreading natin na
pag-aman po natin that ah mid-atlantic
rides or mid oceanic ridges are commonly
the start where the seafloor spreading
happens and this was postulated or
theorized by Harry hess um during his
study pertaining to the
Uh seafloor spreading Okay po This is
Actually mas recent pa siya compared sa
continental drift theory ni Alfred
wagener that
ah that are the most Sabihin nating mas
older ang continental compared kay Harry
h na se Flor spreading Okay po so sa
continental dft theory This is one of
the theories that we can
see about our continents as
supercontinent as sinasabi po natin or
yung panea na sinasabi po ninyo okay po
panea as Uh one big supercontinent
coming from
Yan yan
po Okay po so we have also the evidences
that supports the continental drift
theory we have what we call as the
continental jigs puzzle we have the
fossils we have the rock formations and
then the coal deposits so napag-usapan
natin about sa continental gigit
that
Uh we have Uh the sides of the
continents may fit to one another and of
course another thing is fossils one
Fossil or one particular species of
Fossil can be seen from one continent to
another in terms of the line formations
of the discovery of fossils since
fossils are biotic in a sense that um
they are Uh they are living
thousands to millions of years ago and
of course rock formation in terms of the
different location of rocks in terms of
its layers or strata na sinabi po natin
na one particular layer is matching with
another layer from one From Another
continent and of course we have here the
cold deposits call deposits in terms of
its number of years that it existed that
matches from one continent to another
continent so i think that's all for this
session I am hoping the best in your
examination and good luck as much as
possible try to review and do your best
to at least qualify for the passing
grade in science subject So that's all
for today Thank you so much God
bless n
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