Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice Fundamental of nursing

Summary

The script covers essential nursing theories, focusing on the nursing paradigm of person, health, environment, and nursing. It explains how various nursing theories, including those by Pavlov, Orem, Roy, and Nightingale, guide patient care in different contexts. The script also highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients, theory-based practice, and evidence-based practice. Key concepts include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, patient self-management, and cultural competence in nursing. It emphasizes the role of scientific knowledge, interdisciplinary approaches, and the testing of theories to predict patient outcomes.

Takeaways

• 🧑‍⚕️ Nursing meta-paradigm includes person, health, environment, and nursing, with each element interacting around the patient.
• 🤝 Pavlov's theory emphasizes the importance of nurse-patient interaction and understanding of patient needs, influenced by both nurse and patient preconceptions.
• 📚 Nursing theories are critical for explaining phenomena, predicting patient outcomes, and guiding nursing practice.
• 🌍 Florence Nightingale’s theory focuses on providing a clean, well-ventilated, and quiet environment for patients.
• 👩‍🔬 Orem's self-care theory is used to promote patient self-management for chronic illnesses like diabetes.
• 💡 Nursing theories differentiate nursing from other disciplines and help coordinate care through evidence-based practices.
• 🏥 Roy’s theory helps patients adapt to changes, such as dealing with the loss of a limb after an accident.
• 🌐 Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing addresses the care of patients from unique cultural backgrounds.
• 🏗️ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs prioritizes basic needs like air, water, and nutrition in acute care settings.
• 🛠️ Middle-range theories are especially influential in evidence-based practice, focusing on practical interventions and outcomes.

Q & A

What are the main components of the nursing paradigm?

The main components of the nursing paradigm include person, health, environment, and nursing, with all elements interacting with one another, and the patient being central to the process.

What is the focus of the nurse-patient relationship according to Pavlov's theory?

According to Pavlov's theory, the nurse-patient relationship involves interaction between the nurse and patient, clarifying and describing the patient's needs, and is influenced by both patient and nurse preconceptions.

Why are interdisciplinary theories important in today's health care environment?

Interdisciplinary theories are important because they address the evolving health care needs of patients, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment, involving multiple disciplines to deliver effective patient care.

Which theory is used to describe the life processes of an older adult facing chronic illness?

Developmental theories are used to describe and predict behavior and development at various life phases, including older adulthood, for patients facing chronic illness.

What is the role of theory in nursing practice?

Theories in nursing practice explain phenomena, such as self-care or caring, and provide a framework for guiding nursing practice, predicting patient behavior, and generating nursing knowledge.

Which nursing theorist emphasizes the importance of a clean, well-ventilated environment for patient care?

Florence Nightingale emphasized the importance of a clean, well-ventilated environment as part of her environmental theory of nursing care.

Which nursing theory is helpful in promoting patient self-management, particularly for chronic diseases like diabetes?

Orem's theory of self-care is helpful in promoting patient self-management by directing patients towards maintaining health and sustaining wellness.

How does theory-based nursing practice contribute to patient care?

Theory-based nursing practice contributes to patient care by differentiating nursing from other disciplines, coordinating care delivery, generating nursing knowledge, and linking theory to evidence-based practice.

Which theory focuses on helping patients adapt to changes after significant events, such as losing a limb?

Roy's adaptation theory focuses on helping patients cope and adapt to changes, such as losing a limb, by promoting effective adjustment to new life circumstances.

Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the immediate priority for a patient with severe diarrhea and labored breathing?

The immediate priority for this patient is 'air, water, and nutrition,' as the patient requires sufficient air exchange and fluid balance for stabilization.

Outlines

00:00

🩺 Overview of Nursing Meta-paradigm and Patient Care

This paragraph discusses the key components of the nursing meta-paradigm, which include person, health, environment, and nursing. It emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in community health settings and applies Pavlov's theory to clarify how interactions between nurses and patients develop. The role of multiple theories in nursing practice is highlighted, including systems theories, developmental theories, and interdisciplinary theories, which help in understanding and predicting patient outcomes. The paragraph also explains that theories serve to provide a framework for nursing functions and decision-making, contributing to evidence-based practices.

05:05

🌿 Nightingale's Environmental Theory and Self-Management in Nursing

This section focuses on Florence Nightingale's environmental theory, emphasizing the importance of a clean, well-ventilated, and clutter-free environment for patient care. It also discusses the application of Orem's self-care theory, which provides a framework for teaching patients self-management skills, especially for those with chronic illnesses like diabetes. The importance of integrating theory into nursing practice is stressed, highlighting how it differentiates nursing from other disciplines and promotes coordinated care delivery. The section further introduces Roy's adaptation model and Leininger's transcultural nursing theory, emphasizing the need to consider patients' cultural backgrounds and their ability to adapt to internal and external demands.

10:05

🩹 Applying Nursing Theories and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

This paragraph delves into applying various nursing theories in practice. It explains the application of Henderson's theory for theory-based nursing, requiring knowledge from nursing and related sciences. The text also covers the generation of nursing theory, which helps build a scientific knowledge base by identifying relationships and observations about phenomena. The importance of theory-based nursing practice in guiding assessments and interventions is discussed. Additionally, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is applied to prioritize patient care, emphasizing the immediate needs such as air, water, and nutrition. The section concludes by identifying middle-range theories and practice theories as crucial in influencing evidence-based practice and guiding specific nursing interventions, like intravenous fluid therapy.

Keywords

💡Nursing Paradigm

The nursing paradigm includes the four essential components of nursing: person, health, environment, and nursing itself. It highlights the interconnectedness of these elements, with the patient being at the center. In the context of the script, it emphasizes how all these components work together in providing holistic care, especially in community health settings.

💡Nurse-Patient Relationship

The nurse-patient relationship refers to the professional bond developed between a nurse and a patient. According to the script, this relationship involves mutual interaction and the clarification of patient needs. It plays a crucial role in establishing trust and delivering effective care, particularly in accordance with Pavlov's theory which emphasizes interpersonal relations.

💡Pavlov's Theory

Pavlov’s theory in nursing is applied to the development of the nurse-patient relationship, focusing on the interaction and mutual understanding between both parties. In the script, Pavlov’s theory emphasizes how the nurse must develop a relationship based on clarified needs and be aware of preconceptions that might influence this dynamic.

💡Interdisciplinary Theories

Interdisciplinary theories draw on knowledge from multiple fields like physical, social, and behavioral sciences to provide a more comprehensive approach to patient care. In the script, interdisciplinary theories are noted as necessary for today’s healthcare practice, particularly as they help nurses integrate broader knowledge to promote health and wellness.

💡Developmental Theories

Developmental theories describe and predict behavior and development across different stages of life. The script mentions developmental theories in the context of older adults facing chronic illness, explaining how these theories help nurses understand and anticipate the challenges that arise in the later stages of life.

💡Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale is a foundational figure in nursing, known for her environmental theory which emphasizes the importance of clean, well-ventilated spaces for patient recovery. The script references her work in relation to ensuring patient rooms are free from clutter and noise, aligning with her belief that the environment is central to healing.

💡Self-Management

Self-management refers to a patient's ability to manage their own health condition, often with guidance from healthcare providers. In the script, Orem’s theory of self-care is highlighted as a useful approach in teaching patients how to manage chronic conditions like diabetes, empowering them to take charge of their health.

💡Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a psychological theory that prioritizes basic human needs, starting with physiological requirements like air, water, and food. The script uses this theory to explain how a patient with severe diarrhea and vomiting should first have their basic needs met, such as ensuring proper air exchange and nutrition, before addressing higher-level concerns.

💡Theory-Based Nursing Practice

Theory-based nursing practice refers to the application of nursing theories to guide and improve patient care. The script discusses how integrating theory into practice helps differentiate nursing from other disciplines, promotes coordinated care, and supports evidence-based practice, thus enhancing the quality of patient outcomes.

💡Transcultural Nursing

Transcultural nursing, as described by Leininger, focuses on understanding how cultural factors influence patient care. In the script, this theory is applied when nurses care for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, recognizing how cultural heritage impacts health needs and interventions. This is particularly important in today’s globalized healthcare settings.

Highlights

The nursing meta-paradigm includes person, health, environment, and nursing.

Pavlov's theory emphasizes developing a nurse-patient relationship through interaction and clarifying patient needs.

Both patient and nurse preconceptions influence the nurse-patient relationship.

Nursing theories are tested to describe and predict patient outcomes, contributing to evidence-based practice.

Interdisciplinary theories are essential for nursing as they integrate knowledge from various disciplines.

Developmental theories explain life processes, particularly in older adults facing chronic illness.

A theory is designed to explain phenomena and is essential to nursing practice.

Nursing theory contributes to knowledge, predicts patient behaviors, guides practice, and explains relationships between concepts.

Nightingale's environmental theory emphasizes a clean, well-ventilated patient room free from clutter and noise.

Orem's theory of self-care is instrumental in promoting self-management for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes air, water, and nutrition for a patient with severe diarrhea and vomiting.

Henderson’s theory focuses on assisting patients with basic activities using knowledge from nursing and related sciences.

Theory generation builds the scientific knowledge base of nursing by discovering relationships and phenomena.

Theory-based nursing practice is linked to patient outcomes, such as predicting responses to interventions.

Middle-range theories are particularly relevant in current evidence-based practice.

Transcripts

the components of the nursing meta

paradigm include

one person health environment and theory

two health theory concepts and

environment

three nurses physicians health and

patient needs

four person health environment and

nursing

answer for person health environment

and nursing rationale the nursing

paradigm focuses on

person health environment situation and

nursing

all the elements interact with one

another with the patient being central

while working in a community health

clinic it is important to obtain

nursing histories and get to know the

patients

part of history taking is to develop the

nurse patient relationship

which of the following applied to

pavlow's theory when establishing the

nurse patient

relationship select all that apply

one an interaction between the nurse and

patient must develop too

the patient's needs must be clarified

and described

three the nurse patient relationship is

influenced by patient and nurse

preconceptions

four the nurse patient the relationship

is influenced only by the nurse's

preconceptions

five generates knowledge patient care

answer one an interaction between the

nurse and patient must develop too

the patient's needs must be clarified

and described three

the nurse patient relationship is

influenced by patient and nurse

preconceptions

rationale there is continual interaction

by both the patient and the nurse

throughout all phases of the nurse

patient relationship

focus on interpersonal relations between

nurse patient and

patients family phases pre-orientation

orientation working resolution middle

range theory option 4 is incorrect

because the focus is only on the nurse

answer four theories will be tested to

describe or predict patient outcomes

rationale there are multiple theories

for the practice of nursing

these theories are tested to develop the

evidence to describe or predict patient

outcomes

to practice in today's health care

environment nurses need a strong

scientific knowledge base from nursing

and other disciplines such as the

physical

social and behavioral sciences

this statement identifies the need for

which of the following

1. systems theories 2 developmental

theories 3

interdisciplinary theories for health

and wellness models

answer three interdisciplinary theories

rationale

as the health system evolves and the

health care needs of the patient

focus on health promotion illness

prevention and treatment

more disciplines are involved in patient

care to be effective in practice nurses

need to be aware of theoretical

approaches of care arising from other

disciplines and from nursing

which of the following theories describe

the life processes of an older adult

facing chronic illness

1. systems theories 2 developmental

theories three

interdisciplinary theories for health

and wellness models

answer to developmental theories

rationale

developmental theories describe and

predict behavior and development at

various

phases of the life continuing as in the

phase of older adulthood

a theory is a set of concepts

definitions relationships

and assumptions that one formulate

legislation

two explain a phenomenon three

measure nursing functions four reflect

the domain of nursing practice

answer to explain a phenomenon rationale

theories are designed to explain a

phenomenon such as self-care or caring

a theory is a way of seeing through its

set of relatively concrete and specific

concepts in the propositions that

describe or link the concepts

theory is essential to nursing practice

because it select all that apply

1. contributes to nursing knowledge 2.

predicts patient behaviors and

situations

3. provides a means of assessing patient

vital signs

4. guides nursing practice 5.

formulates health care legislation 6

explains relationships between concepts

answer 1 contributes to nursing

knowledge

2. predicts patient behaviors and

situations

4. guides nursing practice 6

explains relationships between concepts

a nurse ensures that each patient's room

is clean well ventilated

and free from clutter excessive noise

and extremes in temperature

which theorists work is the nurse

practicing in this example

1. henderson 2 urum 3

king 4 nightingale

answer 4 nightingale rational

environment as the focus of nursing care

and others everything about the

environment

public's grand theory

a patient with diabetes is controlling

the disease with

insulin and diet the nursing health care

provider is focusing

efforts to teach the patient

self-management

which of the following nursing theories

is useful in promoting

self-management one newman ii

orum3 roy4 peplow

answer two or in rationale orum's theory

of self-care provides a solid

theoretical background for

self-management for a variety of

diseases

this theory shows the nurse how to

direct the patient towards

self-management to promote health and or

sustain wellness grand theory

which of the following statements

related to theory-based nursing practice

are correct

select all that apply 1. nursing theory

differentiates nursing from other

disciplines

2. nursing theories are standardized and

do not change over time

3. integrating theory into practice

promotes coordinated care delivery

4. nursing knowledge is generated by

theory

5. the theory of nursing processes used

in planning patient care

six evidence-based practice results from

theory testing research

answer one nursing theory differentiates

nursing from other disciplines

3. integrating theory into practice

promotes coordinated care delivery

4. nursing knowledge is generated by

theory

6. evidence-based practice results from

theory testing research

a nurse is caring for a patient who

recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle

accident

the nurse assists the patient to cope

with the situation by applying which of

the following theories

1. roy 2 levine 3 watson 4

johnson

answer 1. roy rational roy focus on

adaption and helps patient cope with

changes

watson focus on caring t transpersonal

relationship

which of the following is closely

aligned with leeninger's theory one

caring for patients from unique cultures

too

understanding the humanistic aspects of

lie three

variables affecting a patient's response

to a stressor for

caring for patients who cannot adapt to

internal and

external environmental demands

answer one caring for patients from

unique cultures rationale

language theory of transcultural nursing

focuses on

the patient's culture and the impact of

culture heritage on health care needs

and interventions

middle range theory

a patient is admitted to an acute care

area

the patient is an active businessman who

is worried about getting back to work

he has had severe diarrhea and vomiting

for the last week

he is weak and his breathing is labored

using maslow's hierarchy of needs

identify

this patient's immediate priority one

self-actualization two air water and

nutrition three

safety for esteem and self-esteem needs

answer to air water and nutrition

rationale

the immediate priority is air water and

nutrition

the patient needs to have sufficient air

exchange which might require oxygen

administration

in addition the patient needs to have

appropriate fluid balance and some

nutritional supplement

a nurse is applying henderson's theory

as a basis for theory-based nursing

practice

which other elements are important for

theory-based nursing practice

select all that apply one knowledge of

nursing science too

knowledge of related science and 3

knowledge about current health care

issues 4

knowledge of standards of practice

5. knowledge of always adapted by

patient

answer one knowledge of nursing science

too

knowledge of related science is for

knowledge of standards of practice

rationale

regardless of which particular nursing

theory is selected

the nurse must use knowledge from

nursing and related sciences experience

and standards of practice when providing

care

henderson's theory focus on principles

and practice of nursing

assist patient with 14 basic activities

which of the following statements apply

to theory generation

select all that apply one build

scientific knowledge base of nursing too

discovers relationships of phenomena to

practice three

test specific phenomena for identifies

observations about a phenomenon five

it is solely based on nursing practice

answer 1. builds scientific knowledge

base of nursing too

discovers relationships of phenomena to

practice 4

identifies observations about a

phenomenon rationale

theory generating research identifies

observations or describes phenomena

it contributes to the scientific

knowledge base of nursing

relationships of the phenomena to

practice and testing specific phenomena

are part of the theory testing research

activities

which of the following statements about

theory-based nursing practice is

incorrect

one contributes to evidence-based

practice to

provides a systematic process for

designing nursing interventions

3 is not linked to nursing outcomes 4

guides the nurses assessment

answer 3 is not linked to nursing

outcomes rationale

theory-based nursing practice does

reflect nursing outcomes

for example prescriptive theories

address specific nursing interventions

and predict the patient response

which of the following types of theory

influence the evidence in current

evidence-based practice ebp

one grand theory 2 middle range theory 3

practice theory 4 shared theory

answer 2. middle range theory

a nurse is preparing to begin

intravenous fluid therapy for a patient

which category of theory would be most

helpful to the nurse at this time

1. grand theory 2 middle range theory 3

practice theory 4 shared theory

answer 3 practice theory