Classicismo [Prof. Noslen]

Professor Noslen

22 Apr 201917:12

Summary

TLDRThis script is an educational discourse on Classicism in literature, focusing on its emergence during the Renaissance and its distinct characteristics such as rationalism, anthropocentrism, and a return to Greek culture. It highlights the pivotal role of Luís Vaz de Camões, a Portuguese poet, whose works, particularly the epic 'Os Lusíadas,' are central to Portuguese literature. The lecture delves into the themes of humanism, the ephemerality of life, and the use of fixed poetic forms like the decasyllable, emphasizing the period's literary contributions and Camões's enduring legacy.

Takeaways

📚 The script is a lecture about Classicism in literature, focusing on its historical context and characteristics.
🎓 Classicism follows the Renaissance and Humanism, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age.
🏛️ It emphasizes human-centered thought, rationalism, and a return to the values and aesthetics of ancient Greek and Roman cultures.
✍️ Luís Vaz de Camões, a prominent figure of Portuguese literature, is highlighted as a key author of the Classicism period.
📖 Camões' work is divided into lyrical and dramatic genres, with 'Os Lusíadas' being his most significant epic poem.
🌊 'Os Lusíadas' narrates the voyages and adventures of the Portuguese during the Age of Discovery, drawing parallels to Homer's 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey'.
💡 The lecture discusses the importance of understanding Humanism to grasp Classicism, noting the shift from a God-centered to a human-centered worldview.
🗣️ Classicism in literature is characterized by rational thought, a focus on human emotions and experiences, and the use of fixed poetic forms like the decasyllable.
🎶 The script includes a musical interlude that reinforces the themes of Classicism and Camões' work, aiming to aid memory and engagement.
🌐 The lecture concludes with a teaser for upcoming topics, such as Quinhentismo, which will explore the literature of the Portuguese discoveries and the early years of Brazil.

Q & A

What is the main theme discussed in the script?
-The main theme discussed in the script is Classicism, a literary period that follows the Renaissance and Humanism, emphasizing a return to the values and styles of classical antiquity.
What is the significance of Humanism in relation to Classicism?
-Humanism is significant as it prepares the way for Classicism. It is a transitional period between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, characterized by an anthropocentric view where human beings are at the center of everything.
What are the key characteristics of Classicism in literature?
-Classicism in literature is characterized by rationalism, a focus on human emotions and experiences, the use of fixed poetic forms, and a return to the values and styles of classical antiquity, including the use of Greek and Roman mythology.
Who is Camões and why is he important in the context of Classicism?
-Camões, or Luís Vaz de Camões, is a crucial figure in Classicism, particularly in Portuguese literature. He is known for his epic poem 'Os Lusíadas,' which narrates the history of the Portuguese discoveries and is considered a masterpiece of the period.
What is the difference between the 'Medida Velha' and 'Medida Nova' in poetry?
-The 'Medida Velha' refers to the old form of Portuguese poetry with verses of five or seven syllables, while 'Medida Nova' refers to the new form with verses of ten syllables, which became more popular during the Classicism period.
What is the significance of 'Os Lusíadas' in Portuguese literature?
-'Os Lusíadas' is significant as it is an epic poem that celebrates the Portuguese Age of Discovery and is considered the national epic of Portugal, showcasing the country's maritime achievements and cultural identity.
How does the script connect Classicism to the broader historical context?
-The script connects Classicism to the broader historical context by discussing its emergence from the Renaissance and Humanism, and its influence on literature, art, and thought during the Modern Age.
What is the role of rationalism in Classicism?
-Rationalism in Classicism emphasizes reason and logic, valuing the human capacity to think and make rational judgments, which is reflected in the literature of the period through themes of human experience and the questioning of traditional authority.
What are some literary devices commonly used in Classicism?
-Some literary devices commonly used in Classicism include personification, paradox, antithesis, and the use of fixed forms and metrics in poetry, reflecting the period's emphasis on structure and order.
How does the script discuss the influence of Greek culture on Classicism?
-The script discusses the influence of Greek culture on Classicism by mentioning the resuscitation of Greek culture, including the adoption of Greek myths and the emphasis on humanism and rationalism, which were central to Greek philosophy.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Classicism in Literature

The paragraph introduces the concept of Classicism as a literary period, emphasizing its connection to historical events and human thought. It discusses how Classicism follows the Renaissance and Humanism, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age. The paragraph highlights the importance of understanding the historical context in which Classicism emerged, including the shift from a theocentric to an anthropocentric view, focusing on human experience and rational thought. It also mentions the need to review the general panorama of literature, suggesting that the audience should watch an introductory video on literature for a broader understanding.

05:02

🤔 Characteristics and Features of Classicism

This paragraph delves into the characteristics of Classicism, such as rationalism, the value placed on human reasoning, and the reflection on the individual's place in the world. It discusses the resurgence of Greek culture, known as Hellenism, and the hedonistic pursuit of personal desires and pleasures, encapsulated by the phrase 'carpe diem.' The paragraph also touches on the ephemerality of life and the importance of form and structure in Classicist literature, including the use of fixed forms like decasyllabic verses and the emergence of the 'new style' in poetry, which contrasts with the older 'measured' style.

10:04

🇵🇹 The Significance of Camões in Classicism

The paragraph focuses on the Portuguese poet Luís Vaz de Camões, a pivotal figure in Classicism, particularly in the context of Portuguese literature. It mentions Camões' works in both lyrical and dramatic genres, with an emphasis on his sonnets and his epic poem 'The Lusiads.' The Lusiads is compared to the ancient Greek epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is noted for its narrative of Portuguese voyages and adventures, reflecting the spirit of the Age of Discovery. The paragraph also hints at the upcoming discussion on Quinhentismo, a literary period in Brazil, and encourages the audience to explore Camões' works for a deeper understanding of Classicism.

15:12

🎶 Music and the Legacy of Camões

The final paragraph brings in a musical element, possibly from a video, to reinforce the learning experience about Classicism and Camões. It uses lyrics that reference elements from 'The Lusiads' and Classicism, such as the 'Ilha dos Amores' and 'Adamastor.' The paragraph encourages the audience to engage with the content through music and to follow the channel for more educational content on literature. It also prompts the audience to interact with the material by clicking on links and exploring related social media platforms.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Classicism

Classicism refers to a period in literature and the arts that emphasizes a return to the aesthetics and values of classical antiquity. In the video, Classicism is discussed as a literary movement that follows the Renaissance, characterized by a focus on humanism and rationality. It is highlighted as a time when literature began to reflect a more human-centered worldview, as opposed to the divine-centered focus of the Middle Ages. The video mentions that Classicism is significant in the context of Portuguese literature, particularly through the works of Luís Vaz de Camões.

💡Humanism

Humanism is a cultural and intellectual movement that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. In the video, Humanism is described as a precursor to Classicism, where the focus shifts from a divine-centered worldview to an anthropocentric one. It is noted as a period that prepared the way for Classicism by emphasizing the importance of human thought and experience, which is reflected in the literature of the time.

💡Renaissance

The Renaissance was a period of cultural, artistic, intellectual, and economic revival that began in Europe. The video briefly touches on the Renaissance as a historical period that follows the Middle Ages and precedes Classicism. It is mentioned as a time of great change and innovation, which set the stage for the Classicism movement by re-evaluating the classical art and literature of Greece and Rome.

💡Rationalism

Rationalism is the view that 'reason' is the chief source and test of knowledge, and emphasizes the importance of rational thought over faith or superstition. In the video, Rationalism is discussed as a key characteristic of Classicism, where the ability to reason and the value of rational thought are highly regarded. It is shown as a shift from the religious and dogmatic thinking of the Middle Ages to a more questioning and logical approach to understanding the world.

💡Anthropocentrism

Anthropocentrism is the belief that humans are the central or most important species on Earth. The video describes Anthropocentrism as a shift from theocentric views of the Middle Ages, where God was at the center of everything, to a human-centered perspective. This concept is integral to understanding Classicism, as it reflects the movement's focus on human experience and the importance of human life and thought.

💡Hedonism

Hedonism is the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. In the video, Hedonism is mentioned as a characteristic of Classicism, where there is an emphasis on satisfying human desires and enjoying life. It is contrasted with the more ascetic and divine-focused values of the Middle Ages, highlighting a shift towards valuing earthly pleasures and experiences.

💡Neoplatonism

Neoplatonism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 3rd century AD, which was heavily influenced by Plato's philosophy. The video touches on Neoplatonism as an influence on Classicism, particularly in its exploration of love that is both sensual and transcendent. It is noted for its emphasis on the pursuit of spiritual and intellectual beauty, which is reflected in the literature of the period.

💡Camões

Luís Vaz de Camões is a prominent figure in Portuguese literature, known for his epic poem 'The Lusiads'. In the video, Camões is discussed as the most important author of the Classicism period in Portugal. His works are highlighted as exemplifying the themes and styles of Classicism, with a focus on human experience, rational thought, and the beauty of the Portuguese language and culture.

💡The Lusiads

The Lusiads is an epic poem by Luís Vaz de Camões that celebrates the achievements of Portugal and its navigators. The video mentions 'The Lusiads' as a significant work within the Classicism period, reflecting the movement's emphasis on human achievements and the exploration of new worlds. It is noted for its narrative of heroism, adventure, and the spirit of discovery, which are key elements of the epic genre.

💡Personification

Personification is a literary device where abstract ideas or inanimate objects are given human qualities or characteristics. In the video, Personification is discussed as a common figure of speech in Classicism, where elements of nature or concepts are given human form to make them more relatable and vivid. This technique is used to enhance the emotional impact and poetic beauty of the literature.

Highlights

The lecture begins by discussing the importance of understanding literature within its historical context.

The classicist period is introduced as a literary movement that follows the humanism and troubadour eras.

Humanism is described as a transitional phase between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, leading to the Renaissance.

The Renaissance is detailed as a historical period that comes after humanism and within which Classicism occurs.

Classicism is characterized by a focus on human experience, rationalism, and a return to Greek and Roman cultural values.

The concept of anthropocentrism is explained as central to Classicism, emphasizing human beings at the center of all things.

The Renaissance is connected to the questioning of church dogmas and the rise of Protestantism.

The importance of the rational and questioning nature of man during the Classicist period is emphasized.

The influence of Greek culture, including the gods and philosophy, on Classicism is discussed.

Hedonism and the pursuit of human desires are identified as key themes within Classicist literature.

The concept of 'carpe diem' or seizing the day is introduced as a prevalent idea in Classicist thought.

The use of fixed poetic forms, rhymes, and metrics in Classicist literature is highlighted.

The 'new style' in poetry is contrasted with the 'old style', with a shift towards decasyllabic verses.

Personification as a literary device is discussed, with examples from nature and Greek mythology.

Luís Vaz de Camões is introduced as a pivotal figure in Classicist literature, particularly in Portugal.

Camões' work is divided into lyrical and dramatic periods, with a focus on his sonnets and epic poem 'The Lusiads'.

The Lusiads is compared to the Iliad and the Odyssey, highlighting its epic nature and narrative of Portuguese exploration.

The significance of The Lusiads to Brazilian literature and its connection to Portuguese literature is discussed.

Key elements and characters from The Lusiads, such as Adamastor and the Island of Love, are mentioned.

The lecture concludes with a teaser for the next topic, Quinhentismo, which will explore literature post-Discovery of Brazil.