Trypanosoma | Trypanosoma Life Cycle | Trypanosoma Cruzi | Chagas' Disease | Medzukhruf
Summary
TLDRIn this episode of the Parasitology Series, the focus is on *Trypanosoma cruzi*, a parasitic organism responsible for Chagas disease. The video covers the parasite’s habitat, transmission methods, life cycle, and the clinical effects on humans, including symptoms such as myocarditis and Romana’s sign. It also discusses the diagnostic methods, available treatments like Nifurtimox and Benznidazole, and prevention strategies such as improved housing and blood transfusion testing. The presenter emphasizes the educational intent and invites viewers to contribute feedback or request topics for future episodes.
Takeaways
- 🦠 Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasitic species responsible for causing Chagas disease.
- 🔍 There are multiple pronunciations for both Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease, and the speaker opts for 'Chagas'.
- 🐾 Hosts and reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi include humans, domestic animals (cats, dogs), and wild species (armadillo, rodents).
- 🐞 The parasite is transmitted via the bite of the reduviid bug, also known as the kissing bug, as well as through blood transfusions and transplacental transmission.
- 🔄 The life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi involves transformation stages within both the reduviid bug and the human body, starting with trypomastigotes and ending with amastigotes in human cells.
- 🏡 Chagas disease is most prevalent in rural areas where the kissing bug lives in the walls of huts and bites people, often around the mouth and eyes.
- ❤️ Pathogenesis includes damage to cardiac muscle and other tissues, which can lead to severe complications like cardiac arrhythmias, megaesophagus, and megacolon.
- 🤒 Clinical findings include facial edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, and Romana's sign (unilateral swelling around the eye). The acute phase lasts about 2 months but can progress to chronic disease.
- 🧪 Lab diagnosis involves blood, bone marrow, or muscle biopsy for microscopy, culture, and serological tests to detect antibodies.
- 💉 There is no effective drug for chronic Chagas disease. Prevention involves reducing exposure to the reduviid bug and screening blood transfusions for Trypanosoma cruzi.
Q & A
What is Trypanosoma cruzi, and what disease does it cause?
-Trypanosoma cruzi is a species of parasitic euglenoids responsible for causing Chagas disease, also known as Shacks disease.
What are the primary hosts and reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi?
-Humans and animals, particularly mammals like domestic cats, dogs, wild species like armadillos, and rodents, are the primary hosts and reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi.
How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?
-Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted via the bite of the reduviid bug (Triatoma), commonly known as the 'kissing bug.' It can also be transmitted through transplacental transmission (mother to fetus) and blood transfusions.
What is the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi?
-The life cycle starts with the reduviid bug ingesting trypomastigotes from a host. In the bug's gut, they transform into epimastigotes, then multiply and differentiate into trypomastigotes. When the bug bites another host, these trypomastigotes infect cells, transform into amastigotes, and eventually reenter the bloodstream, where the cycle repeats.
Why is the Triatoma bug referred to as the 'kissing bug'?
-The Triatoma bug is called the 'kissing bug' because it prefers to bite humans around the mouth or eyes, typically while they are sleeping.
What are the clinical findings of Chagas disease?
-In the acute phase, patients may exhibit facial edema, fever, lymphadenopathy, and Romana's sign (unilateral periocular swelling). In the chronic phase, the disease can lead to myocarditis, mega-colon, and mega-esophagus due to cardiac arrhythmias and tissue damage.
What diagnostic methods are used to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection?
-Diagnosis can involve examining blood, bone marrow aspirates, or muscle biopsies under a microscope. Serological tests for antibodies and xenodiagnosis are also used.
What treatments are available for Chagas disease?
-For acute disease, Nifurtimox is used to kill trypomastigotes in the blood, with Benznidazole as an alternative. However, there is no effective treatment for the chronic form of Chagas disease.
What are the preventive measures for Chagas disease?
-Prevention includes improving housing conditions to avoid contact with reduviid bugs, testing blood transfusions for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, and avoiding contact with infected animals. There is currently no vaccine or prophylactic drug available.
Where is Chagas disease primarily found, and what factors contribute to its prevalence?
-Chagas disease is primarily found in rural areas where reduviid bugs inhabit the walls of poorly constructed huts and feed at night. The lack of improved housing contributes to the spread of the disease.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Trypanosoma Cruzi and Overview of Lecture
The speaker introduces the topic of Trypanosoma cruzi (also pronounced Trypanosoma cruzi) and explains that the video is part of a parasitology series. They emphasize that the information is for educational purposes and may change over time. Viewers are encouraged to provide input in the comments. The outline of the lecture includes an introduction to the parasite, its habitat, transmission, life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical findings, lab diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, which has two pronunciations. The hosts and reservoirs of this parasite include humans, domestic animals (e.g., cats, dogs), and wild species (e.g., armadillos, rats). The disease is transmitted primarily through the bite of the reduviid (kissing) bug and can also be passed transplacentally or through blood transfusions.
🔄 Life Cycle of Trypanosoma Cruzi
This section details the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi. The cycle begins when a reduviid bug injects trypomastigotes from the blood of a reservoir host. The trypomastigotes multiply and differentiate into epimastigotes and then into trypomastigotes within the insect's gut. When the bug bites a host, the site becomes contaminated with bug feces containing trypomastigotes, which then enter the bloodstream and invade host cells. Inside the host cells, these parasites transform into amastigotes, which are non-flagellated and multiply. The cycle continues when amastigotes differentiate back into trypomastigotes, which can be taken up by another bug when it bites an infected host. The bug then repeats the cycle, with the parasite transforming back into epimastigotes within the insect's midgut before becoming infective trypomastigotes again.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Trypanosoma cruzi
💡Chagas disease
💡Reduviid bug (kissing bug)
💡Life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi
💡Pathogenesis
💡Romana’s sign
💡Transplacental transmission
💡Myocarditis
💡Laboratory diagnosis
💡Prevention
Highlights
Introduction to the parasitic species Trypanosoma cruzi and its role in causing Chagas disease.
Trypanosoma cruzi can be transmitted through the bite of the triatomine bug, also known as the kissing bug.
Alternative transmission methods include transplacental transmission from mother to fetus and through blood transfusions.
Life cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi include transformation from trypomastigotes to epimastigotes and then to amastigotes within the host cells.
Cardiac muscle and neuronal damage caused by amastigotes can lead to severe complications like cardiac arrhythmias, megacolon, and megaesophagus.
Chagas disease primarily affects rural areas where the kissing bug lives in the walls of huts and bites around the mouth or eyes.
Clinical findings include facial edema, nodules near the bite, fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and Romana’s sign (unilateral swelling around the eye).
The acute phase of Chagas disease lasts for around two months and can present with mild or no symptoms, but it may progress to chronic disease.
Chronic Chagas disease can lead to serious complications like myocarditis and congestive heart failure.
Laboratory diagnosis involves specimens like blood, bone marrow aspirates, or muscle biopsy, and techniques include microscopy and serologic tests.
Current treatments for acute Chagas disease include Nifurtimox and Benznidazole, though no effective drug exists for chronic disease.
Preventative measures include protection from the kissing bug by improving housing and testing blood transfusions for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi.
There are no prophylactic drugs or vaccines available for Chagas disease.
The kissing bug bites primarily at night, and its preference for biting near the mouth is the reason behind its name.
The video encourages viewers to provide input and suggestions in the comments for future parasitology series topics.
Transcripts
asalamu alikum everyone welcome to
another episode of parasitology Series
today we'll be discussing trapano sua
cruzi or trapano cruzi there are two
pronunciations for this word so you can
go with the one you
like but before getting into the lecture
I would like to tell you that these
videos are meant for educational
purposes things may change with time
treatments may change if I get wrong or
miss anything your input is welcomed in
the comment section let's get started
trapano zumma it is a Genus it has three
main pathogens the first one is trapan
suuma cruzi then
trapan
gambian
then
trapan
rodican but in this lecture I'll talk
about trapano zoma cruzi and the
remaining two will be discussed in in
the next lecture so the lecture outline
is here in this lecture we'll be talking
about the introduction of Japan Ooma
cruy its habitate and transmission life
cycle pathogenesis and epidemiology
clinical findings lab diagnosis
treatment and finally the prevention
trapano cruzi a species of parasitic
euglenoids and this parasite is
responsible for causing chags disease or
Shacks disease there are two
pronunciations for the name of this
disease you can go with the one you like
I would like to call it chags disease
here in the diagram along with human
cells you can see the
parasite habitate I've talked about
habitate in detail in my
parasytes in the description do check
that out guys humans and animals mainly
the mammals like domastic cats dogs and
wild species like armadillo Ron and rat
these are the hosts and reservoirs for
this trapano zoma Cruiser on the left
side you can see a bug this
is
redu
bug and when it bites a human it is
responsible for transmitting the chanos
cruy into the human body which is
responsible for causing chags disease so
the transmission of this trapano cruzi
occurs via the bite of ruid bug triatoma
cone nose or kissing bug there's a
reason why it is called kissing bug I'll
discuss this a bit
later it can also be transferred from
mother to the
fetus through the placenta and this sort
of transmission or transfer is called
trans placental
transmission and also during the blood
transfusions if one person has infected
blood or the person has antibodies
against this trapano or trapano cruy
then we if we transfer transfer that
blood to another person another person
would definitely get that disease ch
tags disease so blood transfusions also
play a role in the transmission of this
parasite life
cycle the cycle in the rudu bug begins
with the injection of tripo Master gos
from the blood of the reservoir
host the picture on the right side is
showing the tro mastoid of the trano
Zuma Cruiser
after the
inje in the insect gut the tripo
mastoids multiply and differentiate
first into
epimastigotes and then into Trio
mastertig gos here in the diagram you
can see the appy
Master when the bug bites again the site
is contaminated with the faces of bug
containing triom goats which and the
blood of the person or other reservoirs
including the
mammals and form non
flated aast goats within the host cells
in the diagram you can see this a goat
which is non flagellated many cells can
be affected but the myocardial gal
reticular and aial cells are most
frequent sites to complete the life cyle
cycle AAS goats differentiate into Trias
goats which enter the blood and are
taken up by redu bug the left
side the step number one shows that the
bug redu bug ingests the trasor into the
host the human being in this t two on
the right top side the Trias gos are
transformed into AAS gods the am Gods
multiplied by binary fishion in cells in
infected tissues the am Gods then again
transform into triot and the triot uh
trans uh form into AAS go a cycle uh
goes on but some of the AAS gos are
ingested by the bug when the bug bites
again then the amsd gods the sorry The
tramas Toots in the gut of the bug are
converted into epimastigotes which
multiply in midgut and then are
converted into Trias gots in the hind
gut of that bug which are again ingested
by the bug into the host with the bite
and the cycle is repeated all over again
emiology chags disease occurs primarily
in rural areas because the redu bug
lives in walls of rural huts and feeds
at night it bites preferentially around
the mouth or eyes hence it is named
kissing bug
pathogenesis the aast GS can kill and
cause inflammation consisting mainly of
mononuclear
cells cardiac muscle is the most
frequently a severely affected tissue in
addition neuronal damage leads to to
cardiac arrhythmias and loss of tone in
Colon leading to Mega colon to mega
esophagus during the acute phase there
are both
troots in the blood and aots
intracellularly in tissues in the chonic
phase the organism persists in the a
good form clinical findings acute face
has facial edema ndule near the bite
fever
lymphadenopathy hypatos pleno Roman's
sign unilateral palal swelling around
the eye due to the bite this is called
romana's sign in the picture you can see
the
swelling and the acute infection
normally ends within 2 months sometimes
the infection may be asymptomatic or
sometime the acute infection progresses
to chonic form and the chonic form is
present with myocarditis Mega colon and
that can occur due to cardiac arhythmia
or congestive heart failure lab
diagnosis we will need specimens like
blood bone marrow aspirate or muscle
biopsy then we will go for microscopy to
look for the tripo master guardes a
master guards and then culture it will
grow the organism then a Xeno diagnosis
serologic tests those are for antibodies
treatment nru marks for acute disease it
kills promas Gos in Blood and it is less
effective against a gos alternative is
Benz
nul there is no effective drug against
chronic disease chronic chags disease
prevention protection from the redu bug
improved housing cuz the redu bug mainly
lives in the walls of
Huts blood transfusions should be tested
for antibodies of Japan zoma
cruzi no prophylactic drug or vaccine is
available and that's it for today's
video I hope you liked it give this
video a big thumbs up leave the
suggestions in the comments below that
what topics you guys want me to cover
after the completion of this parasytes
series till next time Allah
h
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