The Complete History of Artificial Intelligence
Summary
TLDRThis script chronicles the evolution of AI and computing from the Enigma machine in 1939 to modern AI breakthroughs. It details the invention of the transistor, the Turing test, and the development of integrated circuits, leading to personal computers and the internet. It highlights key figures like Alan Turing, Bill Shockley, and Marvin Minsky, and companies like Intel and Google. The narrative explores AI's impact on society, from military applications to consumer electronics, emphasizing the race for AI supremacy and the ethical considerations it raises.
Takeaways
- 🔐 The year 1939 marked the beginning of the computer age with the invention of the Enigma machine by the Nazis, which led to Alan Turing's development of the first computer to break Enigma's code.
- 🧠 Alan Turing's vision of computers extended beyond code-breaking, foreseeing machines that could think, which raised philosophical and practical questions about machine intelligence.
- 🏗️ In 1946, the transition from vacuum tubes to semiconductors, pioneered by Bill Shockley, revolutionized computer technology by making them more efficient and compact.
- 🌐 The transistor's invention catalyzed the development of smaller, more powerful computers, leading to the birth of Silicon Valley and companies like Fairchild Semiconductor.
- 💡 The planar process invented by Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor improved transistor manufacturing, enhancing stability and durability, which was a game-changer for the tech industry.
- 🌟 Bob Noyce's integrated circuit was a breakthrough that allowed multiple transistors to work together, paving the way for modern computing devices.
- 🚀 The 1960s saw the rise of AI with programs like ELIZA, and the concept of neural networks, which laid the groundwork for future AI development.
- 🌐 The internet boom in the late 20th century created vast amounts of data, necessitating advanced computer algorithms to analyze and utilize this information effectively.
- 🏆 IBM's Deep Blue and later DeepMind's AlphaGo and AlphaZero demonstrated the power of AI in complex games, showing the potential of machine learning and algorithms.
- 💼 The competition between tech giants like Google, Nvidia, and Microsoft, along with startups, has driven AI innovation and investment, shaping the modern technology landscape.
- 🚀 The rapid growth of AI applications, such as GPT and other generative models, has led to significant investments and the potential for AI to revolutionize various industries.
Q & A
What was the Enigma machine and why was it significant during World War II?
-The Enigma machine was an encryption device used by the Nazis to send coded messages, making their communications unbreakable to the Allies. It was significant because it coordinated their attacks with deadly precision, forcing the Allied Forces to seek new methods to break the code, eventually leading to the development of early computers.
Who was Alan Turing and what was his contribution to the field of computing?
-Alan Turing was a British mathematician and computer scientist who is considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. His contribution was envisioning and creating the first computer to break the Enigma code, which laid the groundwork for the modern digital world.
What was the significance of the Turing Test introduced by Alan Turing?
-The Turing Test, introduced by Alan Turing, is a test to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. It fundamentally questions the limits of artificial and human intelligence and has become a cornerstone in the field of AI.
What was the transistor and how did it revolutionize technology?
-The transistor was an invention that allowed for the control of electrical current flow using a semiconductor. It revolutionized technology by replacing vacuum tubes, which were less efficient and required more power. The transistor made computers smaller, more efficient, and led to the development of modern electronics.
Who was Bill Shockley and what was his contribution to computer technology?
-Bill Shockley was a physicist who co-invented the transistor. His contribution was imagining a new way to power computers using the element germanium, which led to the creation of the transistor. This invention made computers more compact and efficient, paving the way for modern computing devices.
What was the significance of the 'Traitorous Eight' in the history of Silicon Valley?
-The 'Traitorous Eight' were a group of eight scientists who left Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductor. Their departure marked a significant moment in the history of Silicon Valley, as Fairchild Semiconductor became a breeding ground for innovation and spawned many other tech companies, earning the region its name as the center of technology and innovation.
What was the integrated circuit and why was it a breakthrough in computing?
-The integrated circuit was a breakthrough in computing because it allowed multiple transistors to operate together on a single chip, greatly increasing the efficiency and reducing the size of electronic devices. This innovation led to the development of smaller, more powerful computers and laid the foundation for modern electronics.
How did the invention of the microprocessor change the computer industry?
-The invention of the microprocessor by Intel allowed for the miniaturization of computers, making them small enough to fit on a desktop. This change led to a new wave of thinking towards computers, making them more accessible and affordable, and ultimately driving the personal computer revolution.
What was the impact of the backpropagation algorithm on artificial intelligence?
-The backpropagation algorithm, created by Geoffrey Hinton, was a significant advancement in AI as it allowed neural networks to learn from their mistakes by adjusting the connections between artificial neurons. This algorithm became the cornerstone for training deep neural networks and has been instrumental in the development of modern machine learning techniques.
How did the internet and the rise of tech companies influence the development of AI?
-The rise of internet companies generated vast amounts of data, creating a need for computers to analyze this information. This demand led to the development of new algorithms and AI models, such as convolutional neural networks, which are now widely used by tech giants for image recognition, product recommendations, and other applications.
What was the significance of the 'Big Bang of AI' and how did it impact the field?
-The 'Big Bang of AI' refers to the moment when AlexNet, a convolutional neural network, won the ImageNet competition in 2012. This event marked a significant breakthrough in deep learning and AI, as it demonstrated the potential of neural networks to outperform traditional algorithms in image recognition tasks, sparking renewed interest and investment in AI research.
Outlines
🔐 The Birth of Computing and AI
The script begins in 1939, highlighting the advent of the Enigma machine used by the Nazis for encryption, which led the Allies to seek the help of Alan Turing. Turing's vision resulted in the creation of the first computer, designed to break the Enigma code and marking the beginning of the digital age. The narrative then shifts to the concerns about machines thinking and the potential future of AI. It moves on to 1946, where the military recognizes the power of computers, but the technology is inefficient due to the use of vacuum tubes. The script introduces Bill Shockley, who in 1947, envisions using germanium to create semiconductors, leading to the invention of the transistor, which revolutionized technology.
🏭 The Evolution of Silicon Valley
The script continues with the story of Shockley Semiconductor and the 'Traitorous Eight' who left to form Fairchild Semiconductor. Fairchild's success with silicon-based transistors, particularly their sale to IBM, marked a significant moment in computing history. However, the manufacturing process was flawed, leading to John Erie's invention of the planar process, which stabilized and improved transistor production. This innovation made Fairchild extremely profitable and led to the establishment of many 'Fairchildren' companies, which are responsible for over 92% of the world's computing power today. The narrative also touches on the development of the integrated circuit by Bob Noyce, which overcame the limitations of individual transistors and led to the creation of companies like Intel and AMD.
💡 The Dawn of Personal Computing and AI
The script moves into the era of personal computing, with the founding of Microsoft and Apple, which laid the groundwork for modern computing. It discusses the impact of personal computers on society and the importance of hands-on experience with technology from a young age. The narrative then shifts to AI advancements, particularly in the field of machine learning with the creation of backpropagation by Geoffrey Hinton. This algorithm revolutionized neural networks and led to the development of tools like NeuroShell. The script also covers IBM's Deep Blue, which defeated the world chess champion, showcasing the potential of AI.
🌐 The Internet and AI's Rapid Growth
The script discusses the impact of the internet on society and the creation of internet giants like Google, Amazon, and Facebook. It highlights the generation of massive amounts of data and the need for computers to analyze this information. The narrative then focuses on the resurgence of interest in neural networks, leading to the development of convolutional neural networks by Geoffrey Hinton. These networks have been widely adopted by tech giants for various applications, such as image recognition and product recommendations. The script also mentions the launch of ImageNet and the 'Big Bang' of AI, marked by the victory of AlexNet in the ImageNet competition, which was powered by GPUs and deep learning.
🚀 The Modern AI Revolution and Its Impact
The script concludes with the modern era of AI, where companies like Nvidia and Microsoft invest heavily in AI technologies, leading to their rise as some of the world's most valuable companies. It discusses the establishment of OpenAI and the development of GPT, which became a fast-growing app with over 100 million users. The narrative also covers the launch of AI tools for audio and images by various companies, marking the beginning of a new age of AI. The script ends with a reflection on the current state of AI and the significant investments being made in the industry, hinting at the potential future developments in AI and robotics.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Enigma Machine
💡Alan Turing
💡Semiconductor
💡Transistor
💡Artificial Intelligence (AI)
💡Neural Network
💡Integrated Circuit
💡Microprocessor
💡Machine Learning
💡Deep Learning
💡Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Highlights
1939 saw the world on the brink of technological warfare with the Nazis deploying the Enigma machine.
Alan Turing envisioned a new machine, the first computer, to break Enigma's code.
The 1940s marked the beginning of the era of computing and the potential of machines to think.
1946 highlighted the global military interest in computers, leading to a search for more efficient technology.
Bill Shockley's invention of the transistor in 1947 revolutionized computer power.
The transistor's ability to act as an electrical switch changed technology forever.
Alan Turing introduced the Turing test in 1950 to evaluate machine intelligence.
Marvin Minsky built the world's first working neuronet, laying the foundation for AI.
The transistor radio became the highest-selling consumer electronic device, showcasing compact electronics' power.
Bill Shockley's departure from Bell Labs to start Shockley Semiconductor marked a new era in tech startups.
The 'Traitorous Eight' left Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductor, a pivotal moment in Silicon Valley history.
John Erie's planar process invention at Fairchild Semiconductor improved transistor manufacturing efficiency.
Bob Noyce's integrated circuit invention led to a new industry and the rise of 'Fairchildren' companies.
Joseph Weizenbaum's ELIZA chatbot in 1966 was an early AI milestone, simulating conversation through pattern matching.
Intel's invention of the microprocessor in 1971 was a significant step towards personal computing.
The 1970s saw the rise of Microsoft and Apple, laying the groundwork for modern computing.
IBM's Deep Blue victory in 1997 showcased the power of combining data, algorithms, and computing power in AI.
The 2000s brought the information age with internet companies generating vast amounts of data.
Jeffrey Hinton's work in neural networks and the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) advanced AI capabilities.
The ImageNet competition and the subsequent 'Big Bang' of AI in 2012 marked a turning point in deep learning.
Nvidia's focus on AI and the development of powerful microchips made them a leader in AI hardware.
Google's acquisition of DeepMind and its development of AlphaGo and AlphaZero solidified its position in AI.
OpenAI's launch of GPT and the rapid growth of AI applications highlighted the potential and investment in AI startups.
The current AI boom has led to over $40 billion a year being invested in AI startups, indicating a significant shift in technology focus.
Transcripts
the year is 1939 and the world Teeters
on the brink of technological Warfare as
the Nazis deploy the Enigma an
unbreakable encryption machine that
coordinates their attacks with deadly
precision and now the Allied Forces face
A new challenge and so in the Race
Against Time they turned to Alan Turing
a Visionary mathematician but
traditional cold breaking methods are
obsolete against the Enigma prompting
Turing to Envision a new machine his
creation the first computer not just a
cold breaker but the bear Rock for the
modern Digital World thus beginning the
era of computing and redefining not only
Warfare but the future of all human
civilization computers are supposed to
make life easier about one in three
American households has bought that
theory and purchased at PC what really
worries me today is what's going to
happen to us if machines can think and
what interests me specifically is can
they I'm convinced that machines can and
will think I don't mean that machines
will behave like men I don't think for a
very long time we going to have a
difficult problem distinguishing a man
from a robot and I don't think my
daughter will ever marry a computer but
I think the computers will be doing the
things that men do when we say that
thinking I'm convinced that machines can
will think In Our
[Music]
Lifetime the year is
1946 and now every military in the world
knows the power of computers and wants
one of their own but the current
technology used to power computers is
inefficient they're used in vacuum tubes
which works kind of like giant light
bulbs because they require a lot of
manual labor to maintain leaving some
military computers to be the size of a
warehouse and so this gets all of the
top scientists in the world to thinking
there has to be a better more efficient
way to power the computers and so 1947 a
brilliant physicist enters the picture
his name is Bill shock and he imagined a
new way to power computers using the
element geranium to create something
called a semiconductor and it turns out
that the semiconductor is the perfect
solution because in between materials
like metals that conduct electricity and
insulators like rubber and glass that
block electricity a semiconductor can do
both enabling it to act almost like an
electrical switch this eventually
becomes known as the transistor which
will completely change technology
forever but even though the applications
for the transistor are still just
theoretical it doesn't stop the smartest
people in the world from seeing the
future of computers because now the
future of computing power has been
shrunk down to the size of a fingertip
it's a transistor no bigger than a
kernel of corn which causes some of the
most Brilliant Minds to start imagining
a future with super powerful computers
exhibiting artificial intelligence can
machines really think even the
scientists argue that one until I see a
machine producing genuinely new things I
will not agree that machines think I
confidently expect that within a matter
of 10 or 15 years something will emerge
from the Laboratories which is not too
far from the robot of science fiction
fans so in 1950 Alan tur introduced us
to the imitation game also known as the
Turing test which is a test to determine
if a machine can exhibit intelligent
Behavior indistinguishable from that of
a human fundamentally questioning the
limits of artificial and human
intelligence and now the power of AI is
forever etched in the human psyche a
world in which a new machine may be of
even greater importance than the atomic
bomb this new Fascination into computers
forces top universities like Harvard MIT
and Princeton to begin offering degrees
in computer science and when you combine
that with the fact that computer
Engineers were becoming one of the
highest paid forms of skilled labor all
the world's smartest people began to
flock to these programs one of these
people is Marvin Minsky a 23-year-old
PhD candidate at pron University
inspired by Alan turing's paper on
artificial intelligence Minsky would
build the world's first working neuronet
using wires and six vacuum tubes as the
synapsis but even though the vacuum
tubes would fail regularly the machine
still worked and ultimately laid the
foundation for the field of artificial
intell
and the bay Rock that's the neural
network when I'm going to school in the
1950s there had been some theories of
what neural networks could do fast
forward a few years and now Bill
shockley's invention of the transistor
has led to the transistor radio and it
quickly becomes the highest selling
consumer electronic device of all time
and now the world gets its first taste
of the power of compact electronics and
so everyone begins to imagine the
possibilities of what the transistor can
do one will be able to make a flat
television tube for sample this leads
Bill shley the transistor's inventor to
leave his job at bail labs and start
Shockley semiconductor a company geared
tours manufacturing the transist but
shakle can't do it alone so he began to
rate PHD programs and electronic
companies for Bright Young Minds people
like Gordon Moore a chemist at John
Hopkins and Robert no a PhD from MIT and
an upand cominging rock star in the
world of transist all in all shley
enlist 12 other Geniuses to join shley
semiconductor with them and so after
being founded in 1954 shakley
semiconductor becomes the Talk of the
Town because shley is determined to
place the company in his hometown of
paloalto officially making it just the
third Tech startup ever to be
headquartered in Silicon Valley but it
wouldn't last long cuz in 1956 just a
few months after shakley will be given
the Nobel Prize for the transistor eight
of the 12 Men He personally recruited
would defect from shakley semiconductor
and create their own company Fairchild
semiconductor a startup dedicated to
manufacturing transition through Z scale
and shock being the big mad hater that
he is gives the man the notorious name
the Traer is
eight
on and it was perfect timing because
within months Fairchild semiconductor
had already become profitable selling
100 silicon based transistors to IBM to
power the navigation system for the
military's B70 bomber and this sale was
a landmark moment in the world of
computing because it proved that the
Silicon based semiconductors were
superior to the original geranium based
one was created by Shak and the profit
margin per transistor was 30 times
larger than that of the geranium based
ones and now the US military needed
hundreds no thousands of transistors to
power everything from computers to
ballistic
missiles but the transist current
manufacturing process was inefficient
half of the ones provided ballot
military had to be recalled because all
it would take as a simple knockup
against the wall for the entire
transistor to stop working and even
though Fairchild was known for making
the best transistors in the world this
inefficient manufacturing process would
pose a huge problem for the entire
industry and so insert random genius
number four John Erie a physicist at
Fairchild that invented a new more
efficient way to manufacture transistors
called the planar process the process
was about adding a layer of coating to
the top of the transistor to increase
the stability and durability of the
semiconductor it was a brilliant and
much needed improvement over the
semiconductor manufacturing process that
would change the world of computing
forever
Mone this all while making Fairchild
semiconductor richer than ever due to
the patent it held over the process
because now if anybody wanted to make a
transistor they had to use the planar
process which means they had to pay
Fairchild and so this patent alone leads
Wall Street to become freakishly bullish
on Fairchild leading to quarter after
quarter of groundbreaking profits and
all-time highs on stock price but with
profit soaring fast Fairchild
semiconductor and the entire industry
was still facing a huge problem you see
the current transistor was limited to
scale because it could only do one thing
at a time so if you wanted to do a
million things you need a million
transistors putting the entire industry
at a stalemate because most computers
were beginning to reach a plateau due to
the diminishing limitations of the
transistor this prompted Bob noise the
brilliant leader of Fairchild to create
the integrated circuit a way for
transistors to operate together in
unison like a network but if we're being
honest Bob totally took the idea from a
Texas insance employee named Jack Hilby
who technically created it first but
Jack's version wasn't nearly as good as
Bob's and so to put things into
perspective it kind of reminded me of
when Tony Stark was able to build the
arc reactor with next to nothing while
every other scientist struggled to
recreate it Tony Stark was able to build
this in a cave with a box of scraps well
I'm sorry I'm not Tony Stark so Bob
noise's invention of the integrated
circuit Creator the brand new industry
because now there's a growing Global
need for transistors a demand that
Fairchild just couldn't fulfill on its
own so this caused a mass Exodus of
Fairchild semiconductor employees to
leave and start their own semiconductor
companies giving them the name Fair
children companies like LSI logic AMD
and Intel founded by Bob noise himself
in fact still to this day over 92% of
the world's computing power can be
traced back to Fair children and you
worked at LSI and AMD before starting a
company how did that happen they gave me
a job but by the me mid 1960s demand for
the integrated circuit skyrocketed from
the US's Space Race with Russia and from
big businesses demanding their own
custombuilt computers but up until this
point the concept of artificial
intelligence was still just a science
fiction dream that is until 1966 when a
computer scientist at MIT named Joseph
weisen bomb decided to change that by
building the world's first chatbot named
Eliza using IBM 794 computer Eliza is a
computer program that anyone can
converse with via the keyboard and it'll
reply on the screen directly inspired by
Marvin Minsky's neural network from a
decade earlier Eliza's simulated
conversation by using pattern matching
and substitution methodology that gave
users the illusion of understanding but
it didn't matter because several people
who Ed Eliza still felt like they were
really talking to a person well my
boyfriend made me come here and so now
the world was aware of the all inspiring
power of artificial intelligence and the
power of computers and so in 1971 Intel
landed a contract with a Japanese
company named busicom to build a series
of integrated circuit transistors for
busac com's new Advanced forecast and
calculator but the requirements for the
customized integrated circuit were just
too complicated to build it using the
current technology and so Intel realized
that no form of the integrated circuit
could solve the problem and so they
needed to think outside of the box and
so a young engineer at Intel named tan
hler realized that the only way to make
the requirements simpler was to build a
tiny computer itself that could process
all the requests independent L and
efficiently he called it a
microprocessor a computer that's the
size of your fingertips this was a
series of small steps in trying to
improve the busycal design that finally
led to what ultimately became the 40004
the first
microprocessor so Intel's invention of
the microprocessor uses in a new wave of
thinking towards computers because For
the First Time computers can now get
small enough and cheap enough to on the
desk but unfortunately there's very few
companies focusing strictly on building
actual computers themselves this Gap
inspired dozens of entrepreneurs to come
in and feel that need so by the late
1970s we get Microsoft and Apple the
founding of the two richest companies in
the world today that will lay the
groundwork for modern Computing over 97%
of the kids that graduate from high
school have hands-on experience with an
apple before they graduate these kids
are growing up learning how to use this
new tool in many many phases of their
life and so very rapidly the process of
the integration of personal computers
into the society will be accomplished
and these companies fors the road that
led to the PC boom of the 80s and early
'90s
single-handedly capturing 96% of the PC
market between them but even though
computers were selling like hotcakes
year-over-year the biggest artificial
intelligence breakthroughs during the
time wasn't in Computing but rather in
the world of math because in 1986 a
brilliant British computer scientist
named Jeffrey H H created back
propagation which is a machine learning
algorithm that acts like a teacher who
helps the computer learn from his
mistakes it checks the computer's
answers sees where went wrong and then
gives it tips on how it can improve the
next time immediately the back
propagation becomes the Cornerstone for
all neuron Nets inspiring companies like
Ward systems to invent neuro shell one
of the world's first forecasting tools
using back propagation and machine
learning but neuronet wasn't the only
way that AI was advancing because in
1997 IBM built deep blue an AI program
that Ed a highly sophisticated search
algorithm a database of games played and
combined it with brw Force computing
power to beat the world's best chess
player but little did they know at the
time IBM's win gave the blueprint for
the future of AI which is when you
combine large volumes of data strong
algorithms and a lot of compute power
you can build something super
intelligent but more on that later
because by the late '90s the power of
computers combined with the internet has
taken over Humanity because now new
millionaires are being minted overnight
by building companies that are taking
our analog world digital well if you do
your social networking on the net then
you know about facebook.com the website
is the latest and hottest thing its
founder is a 22-year-old computer whz
who turned down get this a billion bucks
to sell his site to Yahoo the creation
of internet companies like Google Amazon
and Facebook brings about the
information age and now there are
hundreds of companies generating more
data every year than all of humanity did
in a
century so this creates a new Need for
computers to be able to analyze all of
this big amounts of data so top
companies start paying the world's best
computer scientists for new and
innovative ways to analyze the data
which brings us back to Jeffrey Hinton
remember him the young computer
scientist that helped create back
propagation well he's no longer a
student now he's a professor at the
University of Toronto that's training
the next generation of Minds in AI
and all of this big data being generated
by these new internet companies renews
this interest in the idea of neuronet
and finding ways to take them to the
next level so in 2006 Jeffrey Hinton
created a new algorithm called the
convolutional neuron Network a way that
computers can begin to think recognize
patterns and even images a convolutional
neural networks instantly become a hit
amongst Tech Giants Facebook and Google
uses them to tag and recognize photos
Amazon uses it as a way to recommend the
next product that you will buy and apple
uses it as a cool way to unlock your
phone now this algorithm becomes so
important to the AI community that it
gives Jeffrey Hinton a new name the
Godfather of
[Music]
AI you're the father
of whether you think artificial
intelligence will save the world or end
it you have Jeffrey Hinton to thank
Hinton has been called The Godfather of
AI you're seen as like a Godfather of
this industry do you have any concern
about what you've wrought a British
computer scientist whose controversial
ideas help make advanced artificial
intelligence possible and so changed the
world but even though every major tech
company is finding useful ways to use
convolutional neural networks to analyze
the data everyone knows that there's
still a huge opportunity to unlock true
intelligence so in 2007 a professor out
of cowtech named Dr fth F Lee launched
imet a new competition dedicated to
providing the world's largest open-
source data set in order to find the
best algorithm in the world that can
exhibit true intelligence we were
thrilled to have put together imag net
and we wanted the whole research world
to benefit from it we opened up the
entire data set for free so for a few
years she announces the winners but
nothing happens that isn't until 2012
where our old friend Jeffrey inton
decided to enter the competition with
two of his students ilas sger and Alice
kesy together they submit their CNN
model called alexnet and ladies and
gentlemen let me tell you this moment is
so big in the AI world that they
literally call it the Big Bang of AI the
Big Bang of deep learning the Big Bang
of modern AI it's universally known as
the day that AI was born but hold up
because the alexl algorithm wasn't the
only thing that powered the AI model
because do you remember the formula to
AI that IBM laid out with deep blue data
plus model plus compute well guess what
the real secret here with the GPU
computing power behind it created by
Nvidia Jeff Hinton reached out to us and
we started hearing about that and yeah I
guess 2012 was also the year when Alex
net came out yeah we started feeling it
we started hearing about it before that
and then imag net kind of it was it was
the Big Bang if you will got all of our
attention yeah and it was this
breakthrough that forced Nvidia CEO
Jensen Wong to completely DISD
development of the comp's core product
which up until that point was graphics
cards for video games and now Jensen has
decided to bet the farm on the future of
AI by building the most powerful
microchips in the world that will power
them a bet that will totally pay off
almost a decade later because as of
today Nvidia is currently the third
richest company in the world because
they power 92% of the world's AI the
California based company saw its stock
market value soore from 1 trillion to $2
trillion in just 8 months few Red by the
insatiable demand for its cuttingedge
technology the hardware and software
that make today's artificial
intelligence possible but Nvidia going
all in in 2012 only caus us Google to
follow suit except they don't focus on
computing power instead they decide to
focus on dominating the space of
breakthrough algorithms Google is buying
Deep Mind an artificial intelligence
company for an unknown amount of money
that may exceed actually $500 million so
they buy up and hire every brilliant
mind in the world of AI including DNN
research the company founded by our good
buddy Jeffrey hitton and his two
students that were on imet and by 2015
Google has a complete Monopoly on the
frontier AI model space but Google's
hoarding of AI Talent starts to concern
a lot of Silicon Valley billionaires
like Reed hman Peter teal and Elon
Musk you see like many of us there were
that if the world built a true super
intelligent Ai and the only people with
access to it was a closed source
for-profit company well let's just say
there's a half a dozen movies showing us
why that's a bad
idea so to fight back against Google
Elon and the Gang decide to start open
AI an open source nonprofit company
geared towards building AGI safely but
there's only one problem none of them
are Ai genuses and there's no way to
compete with Google without the talent
so Elon decides to personally recruit
ilas sucer from Google you remember him
he was one of the three mins behind Alex
net and a re student of Jeffrey Hinton
and so Elon works his magic and steals
Ilia from Google but elon's recruitment
of Ilia suger doesn't come without a
cost because he loses a lifelong friend
in Larry pagee but this new rivalry
supercharges Larry pige so he triples
down with Googles investment in Deep
Mind and AI so in 2016 Deep Mind builds
Alpha go an AI program that beat the
strongest go player in the world follow
directly by Alpha zero a chess program
that does the same and these apps
instantly validate deep M they Google as
kings of the AI world but they weren't
done because in 2017 Google also
stumbled across Transformers Autobots
roll out we Roll n not those
Transformers I'm talking about the AI
model which is now one of the most
powerful AI Tools around and so I want
you to think of Transformers as super
smart robots that can read a lot of
books really fast holy C you can read
but these new Transformer models get the
entire AI World thinking what if we
throw a bunch of text Data at
Transformer and then have humans talk to
them to train them could we build a
better version of Eliza the chat bot
from the 1960s and several companies all
have the same idea the most notable of
which is open AI but there's a big
problem in the plan remember building AI
requires a lot of computing power which
in turn requires a lot of capital
capital that they don't have despite
having the richest man in the world as a
co-founder and now open ey knows that it
needs a minimum of $1 billion to even
compete with Google so they decid to
broker deal with Microsoft to give them
the money necessary to build AI
applications in exchange for cap profits
but this decision totally pisses off
Elon because from his perspective the
entire purpose of open AI was to be open
source and the deal with Microsoft only
leavs the company right back to the road
that deep mine and Google were on this
Rift leads to Elon leaving open Ai and
Sam mman becoming the sole CEO of the
company so in 2020 with Sam acting as
CEO he manages to procure $10 billion
investment for from Microsoft and now
fueled by this new Fusion of capital
open AI launched an updated version of
Elijah a chatting generative pre-trained
Transformer in 2022 and within months
the tool reaches 100 million users
becoming the fastest growing app in
history but during this year Chad GPT
wasn't the only AI app Making Waves
because during the same year other
companies like 11 Labs mid jery and
stability AI all launch groundbreaking
gener of AI tools for audio and images s
sending the entire world into the age of
AI and that brings us to today and now 2
years of explosive AI growth has fueled
the industry more than ever and now over
$40 billion a year is being invested in
AI startups and Nvidia and Microsoft are
now two of the three richest companies
in the world all because of their bets
on AI and startups like op AR are now
seeking over $7 trillion doll in
investment to begin this long turn bet
on AI tips and robotic production but
it's unclear where the technology will
go from here and if you want to learn
more then I highly suggest that you read
this book called Chip War by Chris
Miller it's a really amazing read I'll
put the link in the description below
Chip War explains the intense level of
Rd that went into the AI industry over
the years and it explains why companies
like Nvidia tsmc and asml are all
skyrocketing and value and if you're
looking for more history on artificial
intelligence then go watch this video
about how Nvidia built the Monopoly on
gpus it's a really good story and thanks
for
watching down
and my mother
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