Instruments of the Orchestra-STRINGS

Summary

This educational video script offers an in-depth exploration of the string section in an orchestra. It covers the standard string instruments: violin, viola, cello, and double bass, highlighting their similarities and differences. The script explains how these instruments are played, their roles in the orchestra, and the unique characteristics of each. It also touches on non-standard string instruments like the harp and classical guitar, discussing their occasional use in orchestral performances. The video aims to educate viewers on the intricacies of orchestral string instruments and their contributions to the overall sound of the ensemble.

Takeaways

• 🎻 The string section is the largest part of the orchestra, typically making up half or more of the musicians.
• 🎶 Standard string instruments in the orchestra include the violin, viola, cello, and bass.
• 🎵 The violin is the smallest and highest-pitched of the string family, and is played using a bow with rosin-coated horsehair.
• 🔊 Violins and other string instruments create sound through the vibration of strings, which can be altered by finger placement or bow angle.
• 🎼 The viola, slightly larger than the violin, has a lower pitch and serves as the alto voice in the string section.
• 🎻 Cellos are larger and played between the knees, producing a tenor range and a warm, expressive sound.
• 🎶 The double bass (or contrabass) is the largest string instrument, often used in both classical and jazz music, and is sometimes plucked instead of bowed.
• 🎶 String players can perform double stops by playing two strings simultaneously, commonly seen in solo performances.
• 🎵 The harp and guitar are non-standard orchestral instruments, with the harp featuring 47 strings and often playing glissando effects.
• 🎸 Classical guitars used in orchestras differ from acoustic guitars, having wider fingerboards and sometimes using nylon or gut strings for a softer sound.

Q & A

What is the largest section of the orchestra by the number of players?

The string section is the largest section by number of players in an orchestra, often making up nearly half or more of the total musicians.

Which instruments are considered part of the standard string family in an orchestra?

The standard instruments in the string family are the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. These instruments are expected in most orchestras.

How do violinists produce sound with the bow?

Violinists produce sound by applying rosin to the bow, which is made from horsehair, creating friction that allows the strings to vibrate when the bow is drawn across them.

How do violinists change the pitch of notes?

Violinists change pitch by pressing their fingers on the fingerboard, shortening or lengthening the vibrating portion of the string. They can also play different strings of varying thicknesses for different pitches.

What is double stopping in string instruments?

Double stopping is when a string player plays two strings simultaneously, often used in solo pieces rather than ensemble performances.

What is the main difference between the violin and the viola?

The viola is slightly larger than the violin and has a deeper, darker tone. It also plays lower notes with its fourth string, unlike the violin, which has a higher fourth string.

How is the cello different in size and playing position compared to the violin and viola?

The cello is much larger than both the violin and viola and is played while sitting, with the instrument resting between the knees. It has a metal spike at the bottom to support it.

What is vibrato, and how is it used in string instruments?

Vibrato is a technique where the player slightly fluctuates the pitch by rocking the finger back and forth, creating a warmer tone. It is used on all string instruments to enhance the sound, especially on long notes.

What is another name for the double bass, and how is it typically played in different genres?

The double bass is also called the contrabass, acoustic bass, or upright bass. In classical music, it is played with a bow, but in jazz or rock, it is often plucked (pizzicato).

What role does the concertmaster play in an orchestra?

The concertmaster is the principal violinist and leader of the string section. They help tune the orchestra, liaise with the conductor, and have additional responsibilities like overseeing repairs and ensuring players have the correct sheet music.