New England Colonies Update 2024
Summary
TLDRThis discussion delves into the New England colonies, focusing on Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. It explores the historical context, including Henry VIII's establishment of the Church of England and the rise of Puritans seeking religious reform. The Mayflower Compact is highlighted as an early example of self-governance in America. The Massachusetts Bay Colony's formation under John Winthrop and the 'City upon a Hill' speech are detailed, emphasizing the colony's religious foundation and moral laws. The Great Migration from 1630 to 1640 is also covered, illustrating the significant English population shift to the colonies and the establishment of a patriarchal society with an established Puritan church.
Takeaways
- 🏰 The New England colonies were named by John Smith due to their similarities to England, including Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- 👑 Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church led to the establishment of the Church of England, which was Protestant but retained many Catholic traditions.
- 👸 Mary I attempted to revert England to Catholicism, persecuting Protestants, including her sister Elizabeth I, who later continued the Protestant faith as queen.
- 🤔 Puritans sought to 'purify' the Church of England by removing Catholic rituals and practices, advocating for more local congregational control.
- 🧳 Separatists, who later became known as Pilgrims, believed the Church of England was irredeemably Catholic and chose to separate entirely, eventually settling in New England.
- 🌊 The Mayflower Compact was a pivotal early example of self-governance in America, establishing a 'civil body politic' to create laws and govern the Plymouth Colony.
- 🍁 The Great Migration from 1630 to 1640 saw approximately 20,000 English people move to the American colonies, significantly increasing the population and influence of English culture.
- 🏛️ Massachusetts Bay Colony was established with the goal of creating a religious society, led by John Winthrop, who gave the famous 'City upon a Hill' speech.
- 🏗️ The Massachusetts Bay Colony's government, known as the General Court, allowed for self-governance with free men, primarily stockholders and male members of the Puritan Church, able to vote.
- ⛪️ The Puritan Church, or Congregational Church, was the established church of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, receiving tax support and enforcing attendance and moral codes.
Q & A
Who coined the phrase 'New England' and why?
-John Smith of the Jamestown Colony coined the phrase 'New England' because the colonies established in that region were similar to the actual country of England.
Which colonies are primarily referred to when discussing the New England colonies?
-The primary colonies referred to in the New England region are Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
-The Mayflower Compact was significant as it was an early example of self-governance in America, where the colonists agreed to create laws and govern themselves rather than being ruled by a distant monarch.
What was the role of Squanto in the Plymouth Colony?
-Squanto was a Native American who helped the Pilgrims in the Plymouth Colony with farming and surviving their first year, which contributed to the success of the colony.
Why did the Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony to escape religious persecution in England and to create a society based on their religious beliefs.
Who was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and what was his famous speech?
-The leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was John Winthrop, and his famous speech was 'A Model of Christian Charity,' also known as the 'City upon a Hill' speech.
What was the Great Migration and when did it occur?
-The Great Migration was a period from 1630 to 1640 when about 20,000 English people migrated to the American colonies for various reasons, including religious freedom, economic opportunities, and dissatisfaction with the political situation in England.
How did the Massachusetts Bay Colony's government structure differ from the Virginia Colony's?
-The Massachusetts Bay Colony had a government structure called the General Court, which allowed free men, specifically stockholders in the Massachusetts Bay Company and male members of the Puritan Church, to vote, whereas the Virginia Colony had the House of Burgesses.
What was the role of the Puritan Church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-The Puritan Church, also known as the Congregational Church, was the established church of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, receiving tax support and having laws requiring church attendance.
What was the 'City upon a Hill' speech and why is it important?
-The 'City upon a Hill' speech was a famous sermon by John Winthrop that outlined the vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a moral and religious society, emphasizing the importance of community and setting a standard for the new settlers.
Outlines
🏰 Formation of New England Colonies
The video script discusses the origins of the New England colonies, highlighting their similarities to England and focusing on Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. It delves into the historical context of England, including the reign of Henry VIII and the establishment of the Church of England, which led to religious tensions and the eventual formation of the Puritan and Separatist groups. These groups sought religious freedom and played a significant role in the colonization of New England.
🚢 The Mayflower Compact and Plymouth Colony
This section details the journey of the Pilgrims on the Mayflower and their establishment of Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrims were Separatists who sought to practice their religion freely. Before disembarking, they created the Mayflower Compact, a foundational document that established self-governance and a commitment to creating laws for the common good. The Compact is significant as it represents an early example of democratic principles in the American colonies.
🌐 The Massachusetts Bay Colony and Great Migration
The script continues with the story of the Puritans, who were also dissatisfied with the Church of England and sought to establish a religious society in the New World. In 1630, they founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which was led by John Winthrop. The colony was characterized by its strong religious focus and the establishment of a moral society with laws against various vices. The Great Migration from 1630 to 1640 brought a significant number of English people to the American colonies, further strengthening the New England colonies.
🏛 The Government and Society of Massachusetts Bay Colony
This part of the script explores the government and societal structure of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It had an independent government with a democratic system known as the General Court, which was led by a governor. The colony was characterized by a strong work ethic and a patriarchal society where men held power. It was intolerant of other religions, establishing the Puritan Church as the official religion, supported by taxes. The script also mentions the famous 'City upon a Hill' speech by Governor John Winthrop, which outlined the colony's aspirations.
📜 Laws and Society of Massachusetts Bay Colony
The final paragraph discussed in the script covers the laws and societal norms of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It emphasizes the colony's moral code, which included strict regulations against behaviors such as drunkenness, swearing, theft, and idleness. The society was structured around a Puritan work ethic and a strong emphasis on religious observance, with church attendance being mandatory. The script also touches on the intolerance of other religious practices and the establishment of the Puritan Church as the dominant religious institution, funded by taxes.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡New England Colonies
💡Plymouth Colony
💡Massachusetts Bay Colony
💡Mayflower Compact
💡Puritans
💡Separatists
💡Great Migration
💡John Winthrop
💡General Court
💡Puritan Work Ethic
Highlights
John Smith of Jamestown Colony coined the phrase 'New England' due to the similarity of the colonies to England.
The New England colonies include New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with Maine being part of Massachusetts at the time.
Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church led to the establishment of the Church of England, with the monarch as its head.
Mary I's reign saw a return to Catholicism and persecution of Protestants, including her sister Elizabeth.
Elizabeth I's reign was marked by a continuation of Protestantism and a strong, enduring rule.
The Puritans sought to 'purify' the Church of England by removing Catholic rituals and practices.
The Separatists, who later became known as Pilgrims, believed in completely separating from the Church of England to form their own religion.
The Mayflower Compact was created as an agreement for self-governance among the Pilgrims before they disembarked in the New World.
The Plymouth Colony was the second English colony established, with the Mayflower Compact serving as a foundational document.
Squanto, a Native American, played a crucial role in aiding the Pilgrims in farming and surviving their first year.
The first Thanksgiving was a celebration between the Native Americans and the Colonists, marking a successful harvest.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by Puritans seeking religious freedom, led by John Winthrop.
The 'city upon a hill' speech by John Winthrop outlined the vision for a moral and religious society in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Great Migration from 1630 to 1640 saw approximately 20,000 English people move to the American colonies for various reasons, including religious freedom.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony established a democratic system called The General Court, with a governor at its head and free men allowed to vote.
The Puritan Church, also known as the Congregational Church, was the established church of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, funded in part by taxes.
Laws in the Massachusetts Bay Colony reflected a moral society, with strict regulations against behaviors such as drunkenness, swearing, theft, and idleness.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was intolerant of other religions, seeking freedom to worship their religion exclusively.
Transcripts
today's discussion is going to be
surrounding the most northern region of
colonies which became known as the New
England colonies actually John Smith of
the Jamestown Colony was the one that
coined the phrase New England um largely
because the colonies that are going to
be established in what is New England
are so similar to the actual country of
England which of course is why it's
called New England um The Colony we're
going to focus on primarily are Plymouth
Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony um
likely two colonies that you have
previously heard of in your lifetime and
so when you take a look here these are
the New England colonies New Hampshire
Massachusetts Rhode Island and
Connecticut um at this point in time in
history what is today Maine was part of
Massachusetts so um the actual state of
Maine or col colony of Maine never
exists the first the state of Maine
doesn't come into existence until
1820 little bit of History going back to
what's happening in England in order to
understand the formation of the New
England colonies um before Elizabeth I
was Queen of England her father had
reigned um England his name was Henry
the 8 um some of you probably have heard
the famous story of Henry VII who
married uh six times
um with his first wife Katherine of
Aragon he had one daughter Mary um and
he believed that he really wanted a son
because he believed that in the age of
absolute monarchs that women would not
be strong enough rulers and England
would fall because of that um his wife
was too old to have any more children
and so he sought an analment from the
Catholic Church um so that he could
marry another person and have more
children the Catholic Church refused to
give um Henry VII an analment based on
that reasoning and so when he was told
no Henry VI a did exactly what um any
absolute monarch would have done in that
time and he created a new religion so he
broke England off from the Catholic
Church the Protestant Reformation was
very popular at this time he saw this
opportunity to create a different
Christian religion
um and so he started the Church of
England um which is known as the
Anglican church or the Anglican Faith um
and instead of the Pope as the head the
Monarch would be the head of the church
um beyond that he really did not change
much from um from
Catholicism um very very similar in in
status except for the fact that they
don't have to abide by the pope and
guess what divorce was legal and the the
new church of England um so after he
creates this church he divorces
Katherine of
Aragon and he marries and Bin um an bin
Bears him a daughter as well again very
disappointed her name was Elizabeth this
daughter very disappointed because he
thought women would not be successful
rulers ultimately Anne Bolin would be
beheaded um at the behest of Henry VII
um his next wife is a woman named Jane
Seymour and she finally bore him a son
um and so he ended up having a son which
he was pleased with but his son was very
sickly um also to note he goes on to
marry three more times um two more
Catherine so he marries three Catherine
total um two more cathine and he
actually dies while he's married to his
last wife so that's a little bit of a
the long and short of Henry VII after he
dies his
son um becomes the leader of England um
maintains protestantism but as I
mentioned his son was sick sickly and
died shortly thereafter and this means
now that his eldest daughter Mary would
become the Queen of England now Mary
being the daughter of Katherine Aragon
of Aragon who was a devout Catholic Mary
herself was Al also a devout Catholic
and so she transitions England back to
Catholicism and begins to persecute
Protestants including her younger sister
Elizabeth um whom she viewed as like an
enemy so to say um Mary herself ends up
dying a couple years later and the
throne goes to Elizabeth the First and
we know a little bit about Elizabeth we
know that um she was not only the second
longest ruling Monarch in England's
history next to Elizabeth II behind
Elizabeth II but she also was an
incredibly strong Monarch that kept um
England going and so England is going to
continue from that point on as a
Protestant
religion um as well as under the
leadership of James I he is going to
continue the Protestant tradition of the
Church of England there now there's a
group of of englanders that were
disappointed by the fact that the Church
of England even in the 1600s still
resembled the Catholic Church far too
closely they felt that there was too
much Catholic ritual and they wanted to
purify the church hence Puritan um and
by that I mean they wanted to remain in
the Church of England they just wanted
to transform it and make it what they
would consider
better they believe that congregations
individual congregations should have the
most power in the religion um and they
hope to eliminate all traces of
Catholicism including getting rid of
like Catholics really like stained glass
windows and statues and basically to
make the church very minimalist so they
could focus on praying
entirely um Puritans wanted like I said
to remain with the church of England and
that's important to note because there's
going to be another group of dissenters
that are going to emerge in England and
those people are probably more commonly
known to you the
pilgrims um the pilgrims however their
original name were separatists so the
pilgrims also were really disappointed
with um the fact that the Church of
England was way too Catholic but they
unlike the Puritans did not think that
there would be a possibility to reform
it they believed that the only way to
really rid the Church of England of its
Catholic influences was to completely
separate um and form their own religion
and so that's exactly what they did they
went
underground and um James I later in his
Reign started to punish and
persecute those people who did not
worship the anglian faith the
separatists and the Puritans alike and
so as a result of that because the
separatist had actually broken away from
the church of England um they decided to
escape and leave England um and they
moved to
the Netherlands sorry I had a had a
moment there they moved to the
Netherlands uh Holland for a period of
time um and this is where they gained
the name Pilgrim because Pilgrim
literally um translates to tra to
traveler after spending some time in
Holland they decided to move to America
um they received permission to do so to
set up their own colony where they could
uh worship
freely um and here is a uh picture of
the first pilgrims who of course came
over on a very famous ship the Mayflower
right we all know the Mayflower and here
they're arriving and um giving thanks to
God for a successful Journey right there
on Plymouth Rock
itself all right so when we're talking
again about about the New England
colonies we're starting with
Massachusetts Bay Colony which is Boston
here um and also talking about Plymouth
Colony so you'll notice that Plymouth
Colony is actually established first in
1620 so this is the second English
colony to be established um and and
established a little bit south of
Massachusetts Bay um so 1620 is that
date and they established their colony
near Cape Cod and before they even get
off the ship this is a really this is
most important part of the pilgrims
before they even get off the ship they
decide that they need to agree um to
some sort of governance and so on the
Mayflower they create what becomes known
as the Mayflower Compact the word
compact literally translating to an
agreement or a promise so let's take a
look at the Mayflower Compact right here
here in your chapter 4 content guide you
will find the Mayflower Compact so I'd
like you to turn to page two right now
to find that the Mayflower Compact and
we're just going to read the part that's
in bold which in your content guide is
going to be the part that's in
italics having undertaken for the glory
of God and advancement of the Christian
faith and the honor of our King and
Country a voyage to plant the first
colony in the Northern parts of Virginia
do by these presents solemnly and
mutually in the presence of God and of
and one of another Covenant and combine
ourselves together into a civil body
politic for our better ordering and
preservation and furtherance of the ends
AFF for said and by virtue hereof to
enact constitute and frame such just and
equal laws ordinances acts constitutions
and offices from time to time as shall
be thought most meat and convenient for
the general good of the colony unto
which we promise all du submission and
obedience in the middle here they say
the phrase we combine ourselves together
into a civil body politic and that's
probably the most famous phrase make
sure you highlight and underline it so
after of course establishing that
they're there for god um they've been
given this opportunity by God they also
decide we need to establish some sort of
government and I want you to identify
like take a look at some of these things
they say that they are going to they
need better order they need preservation
meaning they're going to be
successful um furtherance of the ends
AFF for said meaning they want to make
sure that they have this successful
religious
Society um they are basically saying
that the people that were aboard the
Mayflower the pilgrims themselves are
going to be the ones to create laws to
create ordinances constitutions create
offices and they are going to govern
themselves um this is the first
example um
of this actually I should let me
rephrase this is a second example of um
self-govern government governance for
the American colonies the first example
of course being the House of Burgesses
in 1619 Mayflower Compact becomes the
second and so it's really important as
we're looking at the establishment of
these original colonies to look at how
the ideas and the principles by which
they were established were then carried
into our government today our
constitution our Declaration of
Independence and other things like that
so the significance of the Mayflower
Compact of course is that early in
American history the idea was Advanced
that a society should be based on a set
of rules chosen by its members not rules
decided by a king across an ocean but it
a set of rules chosen by its members and
that idea was carried further in the
Declaration of Independence when it said
that the decisions needed to be made by
quote consent of the Govern
governed um William Bradford is the
first
governor um Squanto is the most famous
Native American that helped them farm
and survive in that first year and of
course many of you famously know of the
first
Thanksgiving where the Native Americans
and the Colonists came together to
celebrate a successful Hest um and
largely a successful year so what I'd
like you to do now is I'd like you to
pause me me and while you have me paused
I want you to answer questions 1 through
three about the Mayflower Compact on
page
two and then go ahead and
read um of Plymouth
Plantation um and answer the question
and or sorry actively read that um and
just identify what is important there
um yeah sorry just actively read that
and then then um turn to page four and
answer the questions on this painting So
pause me so that you can continue to
look at the painting and
color all right welcome
back we're going to continue on to
massachusett Bay Colony so 10 years
later the Puritans who were also being
harassed in England had had enough um
seen that the pilgrims for the last
decade had established a successful
religious deciding America the pilgrim
Puritans decided to do the same and so
in 1630 they set up a new Colony um
which became known as the Massachusetts
Bay Colony um its leader was a man by
the name of John
Winthrop um and John Winthrop became
very famous will become very famous
because he's trying to establish a
religious Society for New
England um like James Town Colony like
the Plymouth Company they are also going
to be funded by a joint stock
company and um eventually as the
Massachusetts Bay Colony grows um the
city of Boston will will go in place of
its
location when they left England they
were given the authority to establish an
independent government so we're really
going to be taking a good look at what
the Massachusetts Bay Colony government
is
like so there you go Boston is where is
where Massachusetts Bay is going to be
established they're obviously going to
have the already established Plymouth to
assist them as
needed um and this brings us to The
Great Migration from 1630
to actually I'm going to pause there I'm
going to go back to to sorry to John
Winthrop I'd like you to turn to page
five
and I want you to
read uh well we're going to read the top
together in 1625 the Anglican cleric
William LOD began a program of intense
persecution of the Puritans combined
with an economic recession this was all
the reason many Puritans needed to seek
a better life in
America in 1630 over 1,000 Puritan
settlers set off in 11 ships to escape
religious persecution in England Eng
land they landed just north of the
Plymouth Colony near present day Boston
and established Massachusetts Bay Colony
um after they got off the ship and were
in the process in their first days there
um Governor John Winthrop gave a famous
speech called a model of Christian
charity which is oftentimes nicknamed
the city upon a hill speech so what I'd
like you to do is I would like you to
read this exert this very very very
famous you must know 100% one of the
most important primary sources in apus
history read through a model of
Christian charity um highlighting things
that you um believe will indicate what
the Massachusetts Bay Colony will stand
for and then go ahead and answer the
question below you're going to skip D
and then go ahead and unpause me
all right coming back to our PowerPoint
1630 to 1640 is The Great
Migration um this is one of two great
migrations the other one's going to
happen in the early 1900s that one
however is going to be African-Americans
moving North for jobs in this case we're
talking about English people leaving
England um for a variety of reasons
Civil War Wars going on bad Economic
Times um they don't like their leaders
that emerge and so huge numbers 20,000
English people and then some leave um at
this point in time about 20,000 are
going to come to the American colonies
as you can see they also go other places
like Barbados St kits Bermuda and so on
and so forth but about 20,000 English
people migrate to the American colonies
which causes them to have a greater
population and a much stronger influence
now in the
Americas and as you guys I'm sure
noticed from the city upon a hill
speech um they were very focused on
religion and so they're going to create
a very moral society and we're going to
look at some of the laws that would be
considered part of this moral Society um
shortly um but they're going to
establish their own democratic system
their own self-governance it's called
The General Court remember in Virginia
colony is called the House of Burgesses
here it's going to be a general court
and like Virginia colony there's going
to be a governor at its head they
allowed free men to vote so who is free
men that it would be stockholders in the
Massachusetts Bay Company that joint
stock company that funded it as well as
male members of the Puritan Church like
most colonies women were not allowed to
vote now one of the interesting things
about um Massachusetts Bay society and
other colonies will eventually follow
suit is what's called an established
church meaning the Puritan Church which
is also known as the Congregational
Church so Puritan and the word
congregational are interchangeable um
the Puritan church is the established
church of Massachusetts Bay col
and when people paid taxes to the
government a large sum of those taxes
also went to the
church there were laws that required
Church attendance there were laws
against drunkenness swearing theft
idleness idleness is another word for
laziness they strongly strongly favor
the idea of Puritan work ethic maybe
some of you have heard that phrase
before and adulthood you'll hear it more
the whole idea that people are going to
work hard for the things that they want
um but M Massachusetts based society was
a patriarchical society men really did
hold all of the Power um and one of the
most important things that you should
know about Massachusetts Bay is that
they were intolerant of all other
religions so when we think of like the
idea of oh people came to America for
freedom of religion that's not untrue
but people came to America a lot of
times for freedom to worship their
religion
and their religion alone and didn't want
others influencing so that's just a
little bit about the Advent and the
starting of Massachusetts Bay Society
Colony um we previously talked about
Plymouth and um from here you can go
ahead and check the agenda for what's
next
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