What Are The Good And Bad Effects Of The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade? | Sir Job TV

Summary

This video explores the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade's impact on Philippine history. It lasted 250 years, from 1565 to 1815, and was a government monopoly, benefiting the Spanish governor, elite merchants, and the Spanish government. The trade fostered cultural exchange, with goods like spices, gold, and tea from Asia reaching Mexico, while the Philippines received flora, fauna, and cultural practices. However, it also led to the neglect of local agriculture, forced labor, and wealth concentration among officials, highlighting the complex legacy of this historical trade.

Takeaways

• 🚢 The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was a significant economic activity that lasted for 250 years, from 1565 to 1815.
• 📜 Participation in the galleon trade was restricted to those who could afford the 'boleta', making it accessible mainly to the elite and Spanish government officials.
• 🌍 The trade facilitated cultural exchange between the Philippines and Mexico, influencing each other's traditions and practices.
• 🛍️ Key goods traded included spices, gold, and other Asian products from the Philippines to Mexico, and items like avocado, papaya, horses, and cattle from Mexico to the Philippines.
• 🏛️ The trade was a government monopoly, with the Spanish government and select merchants reaping most of the benefits, leading to social stratification.
• 🌾 The focus on trade led to the neglect of local agricultural production by the Spanish, impacting the Filipino economy and way of life.
• 👷‍♂️ Forced labor, known as the ' polo et service', was implemented to meet the demands of the galleon trade, causing hardship for the Filipino people.
• 💼 Wealth from the trade often led to corruption and neglect of duties by government officials, impacting public service.
• 🏆 The trade's legacy is a mix of cultural enrichment and economic exploitation, with long-term effects on the Philippines' sovereignty and freedom.
• 📚 The discussion highlights the importance of understanding historical economic activities to learn from the past and inform future generations.

Q & A

What is the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade?

The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was a sea trade route between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico, which lasted for 250 years from 1565 to 1815. It involved the exchange of goods and cultural elements between the Philippines, Mexico, and other participating countries.

What was the significance of the galleon ships in this trade?

Galleons were large ships that facilitated the trade, carrying goods and passengers. They were essential for the transportation of valuable commodities and cultural exchanges between the East and West.

Who were the main participants in the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade?

The main participants were the Spanish government, upper-class merchants, and Chinese traders who could afford the trading tickets called 'boletas.'

What was the role of the Filipinos in the galleon trade?

Filipinos were primarily involved in the construction of galleon ships, cutting and transporting hardwoods, and providing agricultural products like coconut and abaca for export.

What were some of the goods exchanged between the Philippines and Mexico during the galleon trade?

The Philippines exported spices, gold, and other Asian products, while Mexico and other countries brought items like avocado, papaya, horses, cattle, and cultural elements such as the image of the Black Nazarene.

How did the galleon trade affect the agricultural sector in the Philippines?

The trade led to the neglect of local agricultural production as Filipinos were forced to focus on producing crops like coconut and abaca for export, often under forced labor conditions.

What was the 'polo et service' mentioned in the script?

The 'polo et service' referred to the forced labor system where Filipinos were required to work on tasks such as shipbuilding and agriculture to support the galleon trade.

What were some of the cultural exchanges that occurred due to the galleon trade?

Cultural exchanges included the introduction of Mexican practices like 'moromoro' and 'moriones' to the Philippines, and the spread of the devotion to the Black Nazarene from Mexico to the Philippines.

What were the negative impacts of the galleon trade on the Filipino people?

The negative impacts included the exploitation of Filipino labor, neglect of local agriculture, and the concentration of wealth and power among Spanish officials and merchants, leading to social stratification.

How did the galleon trade contribute to the cultural heritage of the Philippines today?

The trade enriched the cultural heritage of the Philippines by introducing new traditions, foods, and religious practices, some of which are still celebrated today, such as the Chinese New Year and the veneration of the Black Nazarene.

Outlines

00:00

🚢 Introduction to Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade

The video begins with a warm welcome to the viewers and an introduction to the topic: the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade. The host explains the historical context, describing the galleon as a large ship that facilitated trade between the Philippines and Acapulco, Mexico. Participation in this trade was restricted to those who could afford a 'boleta' or ticket, which was a privilege of the upper class and Spanish government officials. The video sets the stage for a discussion on the economic and social impacts of this trade route, which was a government monopoly and lasted for 250 years from 1565 to 1815.

05:19

🌍 Impact of Trade on Philippine Society

This paragraph delves into the societal impact of the galleon trade, highlighting the benefits enjoyed by a select few, such as the Spanish governor and members of the 'Consolado', a group of merchants with consular duties. It also discusses the trade's role in shaping social stratification during the Spanish era in the Philippines. The video mentions the Chinese community's early presence in Manila due to trade, noting the establishment of Parian as early as 1637, and the significance of the Chinese New Year celebrations in the Philippines.

10:32

🌐 Cultural Exchanges Facilitated by Galleon Trade

The host discusses the positive effects of the galleon trade, emphasizing the intercultural exchanges that occurred between the Philippines and Mexico. The trade not only involved goods but also the exchange of ideas, cultures, and traditions. The video lists items such as tamarind, rice, and Chinese tea that were sent from the Philippines to Mexico, and in return, the Philippines received flora, fauna, and cultural practices like the 'moromoro' and 'moriones'. The trade also led to the introduction of the Black Nazarene, a significant religious icon in the Philippines.

15:32

📉 Negative Consequences of Galleon Trade on Agriculture

The paragraph outlines the negative impacts of the galleon trade, particularly on agricultural production in the Philippines. The Spanish government's focus on trade led to the neglect of local agriculture, as Filipinos were more involved in shipbuilding and other trade-related activities. The video describes how Filipinos were subjected to forced labor, known as 'polo et service', to meet the demands of the trade. This included planting crops like coconut and abaca, which were exported, and the consequences of failing to meet these demands were severe.

20:47

🏛️ Socio-Economic Ramifications and Call for Sovereignty

In the final paragraph, the video addresses the broader socio-economic ramifications of the galleon trade, including the enrichment of some priests and government officials at the expense of effective public service. The host reflects on the historical control of the Philippines by external forces and emphasizes the importance of preserving the country's sovereignty and freedom. The video concludes with a call to action for the current and future generations to learn from history and strive for self-determination.

Keywords

💡Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade

The Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade refers to the maritime trade between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico during the Spanish colonial period. This trade route was pivotal for economic and cultural exchanges between Asia and the Americas. In the video, it is highlighted as a significant historical event that lasted for 250 years, starting from 1565, and involved the exchange of goods and ideas, which had profound impacts on the societies involved.

💡Galleon

A galleon was a type of large, multi-decked sailing ship used during the 16th to 18th centuries. In the context of the video, it refers to the ships that sailed between Manila and Acapulco, carrying valuable goods and passengers. The script describes the galleon as a massive vessel, capable of holding around 1500 'divisions' for trade, emphasizing its importance in facilitating the long-distance trade.

💡Buletta

A buletta, as mentioned in the script, was a type of ticket or permit that allowed an individual to participate in the galleon trade. It symbolizes the exclusivity and control of trade during the Spanish colonial era, where only those who could afford the buletta, typically the elite and Spanish government officials, could engage in commerce on the galleons.

💡Cultural Exchange

Cultural exchange in the video refers to the mutual transfer of ideas, practices, and traditions between the Philippines and Mexico, facilitated by the galleon trade. The video underscores how this trade not only involved the exchange of goods but also led to the blending of cultures, as seen in the introduction of Mexican festivities and religious practices in the Philippines.

💡Agricultural Neglect

Agricultural neglect is a concept discussed in the video that arose due to the galleon trade's demands. It highlights how the focus on trade led to the Spanish government and Filipinos neglecting local agricultural production. The video mentions that Filipinos were more involved in shipbuilding and providing raw materials for trade rather than tending to their own agricultural needs.

💡Forced Labor

Forced labor, known as the polo et service in the video, was a practice where Filipinos were compelled to work on tasks related to the galleon trade, such as shipbuilding and providing agricultural products. The video explains that this was a negative consequence of the trade, as it led to the exploitation of Filipino labor and a disregard for their well-being.

💡Social Stratification

Social stratification refers to the division of society into hierarchical layers or classes. In the video, it is discussed in the context of the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, where the galleon trade reinforced existing social divisions. The Spanish government and elite merchants benefited from the trade, while the majority of Filipinos were left in lower social and economic positions.

💡Tobacco Monopoly

The tobacco monopoly mentioned in the video is an example of how the Spanish government controlled certain industries in the Philippines. It is used to illustrate the broader theme of economic control and exploitation during the colonial period. The video suggests that the galleon trade was part of a larger system of economic impositions that favored the Spanish at the expense of the Filipinos.

💡Parian

Parian refers to a district in Manila where Chinese traders and settlers lived during the Spanish colonial period. The video mentions that the Chinese community in Parian was a result of the galleon trade, indicating the trade's role in shaping the ethnic and cultural composition of the city.

💡Black Nazarene

The Black Nazarene is a religious icon venerated in the Philippines, particularly in the city of Manila. The video discusses how the image of the Black Nazarene was brought to the Philippines from Mexico as part of the cultural exchange facilitated by the galleon trade. It symbolizes the blending of religious practices and the lasting impact of the trade on Filipino culture.

Highlights

Introduction to the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade and its historical significance.

Description of a galleon ship and the requirement of a buletta for trading.

The galleon trade was a government monopoly, highlighting the exclusivity of participation.

Details of the trade route and the duration of the journey between Manila and Acapulco.

The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade lasted for 250 years, indicating its long-term impact.

The goods brought to Mexico from the Philippines included spices, gold, and other Asian products.

The benefits of the galleon trade were primarily for the Spanish governor and elite merchants.

Cultural exchange between the Philippines and Mexico was fostered through the trade.

Products like tamarind, rice, and Chinese tea were exchanged between the Philippines and Mexico.

The trade led to the introduction of flora and fauna such as avocado, papaya, horses, and cattle in the Philippines.

Negative impacts included the neglect of agricultural production by the Spanish in the Philippines.

Forced labor was implemented due to the demands of the galleon trade, impacting Filipino workers.

Some government officials and priests became rich from the trade, sometimes neglecting their duties.

The trade's negative impacts are weighed against the positive cultural exchanges and economic benefits.

Call to preserve sovereignty and freedom, learned from the historical role of the Philippines in the galleon trade.

Transcripts

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soparasa aronito let us continue to

discuss the world of readings in

philippine history specifically our

topic for this morning is all about

what are the good and bad effects of the

manila acapulco galleon trade let us

learn together

[Music]

good morning once again golden choppers

between manila philippines and acapulco

with this particular

economic impositions

so basically

but before proceeding allow me to

describe anugaba angalyon in the first

place so when we are speaking of galeon

it was a ship composed of more or less

one thousand five hundred divisions and

a person can only participate in trading

if he or she has a ticket or buletta

to sell merchandise so i can have the

union definition

1500 division so if i am going to

describe this once i think

um the set up is like what we can see in

a mall okay corner to corner you can

find various sellers

inside that ship my manganata

because if you have um ticket that

called um

you could be able to join the trading so

you import

so basically upon the description of the

galleon you could be able to think that

if the filipino is not an elite if the

filipino has no money okay to purchase

that kind of ticket hindi shamakape

joins the trading trading so basically

this is only for the upper class human

merchants in the neighboring countries

and of course the spanish government

okay humana pure blood spaniards

filipinas so that's how so the galilean

trade was a government monopoly so no

mention because the previous video

tobacco monopoly you

was a government monopoly steal okay

only two galleons were used no back and

forth one sailed from acapulco to manila

with some five hundred thousand pesos

worth of goods spending 120 days at sea

so young

from acapulco manila

the other one

sailed from manila to acapulco okay

meaning to save from philippines to

mexico with some 250 000 pesos worth of

goods

spending 90 days at sea so 90 days

500 000 pesos or worth of goods so

meaning to say more goods

because of course the philippines cannot

provide okay

during that time so the manila acapulco

galleon trade

lasted for

250 years with two vessels okay one

outgoing and then the other one isn't

coming so

two hundred and fifty years imagine you

pogba in chapels

from 1565 this is the coverage from 1565

to 1815

on coverage

1565 okay

note that year 1565

was also the official settlement of the

spaniards in the country so basically

upon the official settlement of the

spaniards in the philippines nag

simulanaren

century

merchants they joined already so trading

the yen so basically

but even in the official settlement of

the spaniards nexi mulana po angkor

natal wagnathing gullian trading the

route was from manila to acapulco

the goods brought to mexico were spices

sell gold and other products of asian

neighbors cases

neighboring countries when it comes on

the trading okay poi de cilan somali for

as long as they could be able to afford

to buy that ticket called buletta then

they can join the trading so

um basically when we are speaking of

spices

number one

to other countries around the world

during those times of colonization in

fact if we are going to read the history

it says reasons why europeans came here

in the country philippines and the

neighboring countries because they're

looking for

spices at the time basically it's you

know points

so the only people who benefited

highlighted in unfortunate talk i said

we we want to know also

so the only people who benefited were

the spanish governor

members of consolado which is the

merchants with consular duties and

rights usually in solaris the spanish

residence in manila castillo's

inaugurating social stratification in

spanish era

peninsula

okay then second one is

they have all the privileges that this

government can offer to them okay so

that is the reason why

benefits

um offices or positions in the country

during those times as i said to you

so because of the locality trade the

chinese converge at the parian

or al qaeda

of manila in binondo as early as 1637.

take note 2.

earth chinese new year celebration here

in the philippines basically

this is the term

this is

going to our country here in the

philippines basically

so at this change here ladies and

gentlemen um let us recognize you among

the good effects and bad effects of this

particular trading so similar nothing is

discussed among the good effects of the

galleon terrain

so first and foremost because of the

trading issa s

is the

inter-cultural exchange between the

philippines and the mexico okay because

of course constant and trading nothing

to own

on communication

because of the products of the marathon

and of course pakistan trading it's not

only the goods and services

meaning to say

ideas culture traditions and everything

else about their country

and basically that is philippines so

meaning to say it fostered cultural

exchanges between philippines and mexico

and other countries who joined that

particular trading note that in this

trading both products and ideas were

transported to the east and west portion

of the world so basically you know

because

exchanging of ideas the practices and

any other things

philippines

galleon trading secondly

um we have from the philippines casino

exchange

services and products okay the both

countries so from the philippines the

following were brought to mexico

these are the

manila the tamarind rice carabao

fighting chinese tea

manton de manila use of napa palm

raincoats fireworks display

chinaware and toba making okay

but take note not all products mentioned

were coming from the philippines correct

some of them were coming from those

merchants who joined in the trading so

basically

items or products usually um half of

this one is coming together from china

okay

we have the china tea we also have the

fireworks display common

they brought to the philippines the

flora and fauna basically these are the

avocado

papaya pineapple horses and cattle okay

they learned the moromoro and the

moriones from the mexico and brought

here the image of the black nazarene of

but of course because that is also a

christian nation um they brought to us

the image of the black nazarene

if you are a roman catholic

devotee you could be able to connect

this one

black nazarene for the first time in

cagayan

2018 and i observed there

and black nazarene

okay so basically young composition

from mexico so these are the things na

you could also see

you could also observe in today's

generation

so those are the things normal positive

impacts among good things

because of the trading

so at this juncture ladies and gentlemen

among bad effects of galion trade

because of course

negative impact

because of the transaction so basically

number one in the list we have here the

spaniards neglected our agricultural

production because basically

filipinos indeed

a higher position in the offices in the

government but basically repo everyone

especially men have no longer time to

plow the field because of the trading

okay

assignment

with the implementation of galleon

trading in the country

spanish government in the trading

role filipinos

filipinos were involved only in the

construction of ships or galleons

in constructing the ships and the

galleons they are assigned in the

cutting of massive and heavy philippine

hardwoods hauling and transporting them

usually to the far off shipyards of the

cavite mindoro marenduke

so basically because we need manpower in

order for us to operate this one so

this resulted in the strict

implementation of forced labor okay

forced labor or what we known as the

polo et service

filipino if he could not be able to pay

the what we so called falia or the

exemption for that particular service

basically so

this question for that in order for you

to understand

essence

thing in a yaris again trading filipinos

were forced by the alcaldi major to

plant crops which they themselves

exported like coconut and abaca and if

they failed to meet the needs they were

find heavily okay

of course

they were forced to plant okay

coconut

which is

highly needed in countries

trading so basically

agricultural produce

going back to our tobacco monopoly

that's one of the manifestation okay in

here other

agricultural products

okay

why because this is essential and needed

in the country

basically

okay

that they still have to produce this

kind of agricultural product because

kailangan it was in trading so in poor

so let's proceed now to the four

negative impact of valiant trading so

some priest and government officials

became rich and oftentimes these

government officials neglected their

work basically

government officials nasa higher rank

your bloody spaniards okay big glass

along yumaman because of the trading

correct and of course even before the

trading hiding manta lagos function

properly must not worst

public service

ladies and gentlemen so if we could be

able to think about gullion trading

ladies and gentlemen we could be able to

say now in fairness

a positive things until today enjoying

them filipinos correct but at the end of

the day if we're going to weigh the

negative things

because of this particular training

manifestation

if the country is being controlled by

another group of people that i'm always

saying in this video and other videos on

the produce score i hope that not only

in this generation but in the next next

generation to come we could be able to

produce i mean we could be able to

preserve the sovereignty and freedom

that we are enjoying today so savio nato

i'm just sharing to you the real

situation of the filipino especially the

role of the filipinos in the galleon

trading

representation

less representation amongst the trading

neon because the role of the filipinos

once again is

or ships okay

agricultural products

it's the spanish government and other

merchants and they are continuously

using our country and the people in

order for them to operate this

particular economic impositions in the

country

so we all for this morning i hope you

learned something from this video and i

hope you will share this video to your

friends and to anybody else that you

think

you need to assaha newport search of tv

will continue to discuss more meaningful

discussions especially in the world of

social sciences thank you once again for

watching bye

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