Kuliah ke 3 Perumusan & Pengesahan Pancasila sbg dasar negara 1

Summary

The script discusses the formulation and ratification of Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of Indonesia's unity. It outlines the historical process starting from Japan's promise of independence in 1944, leading to the establishment of Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai and the first meeting on May 29, 1945. Key figures like Muhammad Yamin, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, and Soepomo proposed different principles for the nation. The script highlights the compromise that led to the Jakarta Charter, which was later approved as the preliminary constitution during the BPUPKI meeting on July 10, 1945. It also touches on the political, economic, and repositioning phases of Pancasila's application, emphasizing its importance in maintaining national identity and unity amidst global challenges.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the formulation and ratification of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state.
• 🗓️ The process of Pancasila's establishment began on May 29, 1945, with significant contributions from figures like Muhammad Yamin, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, and Soepomo.
• 🔄 There was a debate between proponents of a secular state and those who advocated for an Islamic state, reflecting the diversity of Indonesia's political and religious landscape.
• 🏛️ The 'Piagam Jakarta' (Jakarta Charter) was a compromise document that merged different concepts into a unified set of principles, which later became Pancasila.
• 📝 The final version of Pancasila includes five principles: belief in one God, just and civilized humanity, unity of Indonesia, democracy led by wisdom in deliberation and representation, and social justice.
• 🏢 The script highlights the political, economic, and cultural applications of Pancasila, emphasizing its role in nation-building and character development.
• 🌐 It mentions the challenges Pancasila faced, including the influence of global capitalism and the need to maintain national identity and unity amidst external pressures.
• 🔄 The script discusses the evolution of Pancasila through different phases, including political, economic, and repositioning, reflecting Indonesia's response to internal and external changes.
• 📈 The importance of Pancasila in guiding economic development and addressing social inequalities is emphasized, highlighting its role in shaping Indonesia's future.
• 🌟 The script concludes with a call to uphold Pancasila as a unifying force for the Indonesian nation, encapsulated in the phrase 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika', meaning 'unity in diversity'.

Q & A

What is the significance of 7th September 1944 in the context of the Indonesian independence movement?

On 7th September 1944, Japan promised independence to the Indonesian people, which was a significant event leading up to the formulation of Pancasila as the state philosophy.

When was Dokuritsu Junbi, Cosakai established and what was its purpose?

Dokuritsu Junbi, Cosakai was established on 29th April 1945 with the purpose of preparing for Indonesia's independence.

Who was the first speaker on 29th May 1945 during the formulation of Pancasila, and what were the main points of his proposal?

Muhammad Yamin was the first speaker on 29th May 1945. He proposed the state foundations to be nationalism, humanism, monotheism, democracy, and the welfare of the people.

What was the argument put forth by the Islamic group led by Ki Bagus Hadikusumo on 30th May 1945?

The Islamic group proposed that the state should be based on Islam, citing the majority of the population in the archipelago being Muslim.

What were the five principles proposed by Soepomo on 31st May 1945 for the foundation of the state?

Soepomo proposed unity, family, balance of material and spiritual life, deliberation, and social justice as the five principles for the state.

What were the five principles articulated by Soekarno on 1st June 1945?

Soekarno articulated nationalism, internationalism, consensus or democracy, social welfare, and cultural monotheism as the five principles.

Why was the 'Panitia Sembilan' or 'Nine Committee' formed, and what was its role?

The 'Panitia Sembilan' was formed to compromise between different concepts and to draft a unified declaration. It was led by Soekarno and consisted of nine members, tasked with finalizing the principles that would become Pancasila.

What is the Jakarta Charter and how does it relate to Pancasila?

The Jakarta Charter, or 'Piagam Jakarta', was a document that merged the four concepts into one, forming the basis of Pancasila. It was a compromise that included the state's responsibility to implement Islamic law for its adherents.

How did the BPUPKI session on 10th July 1945 contribute to the establishment of Pancasila?

The BPUPKI session on 10th July 1945 approved and endorsed the Jakarta Charter as the preliminary state constitution, which included Pancasila as the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia.

What were the changes made from the Jakarta Charter to the opening of the Constitutional Law of 1945?

The changes included replacing the Jakarta Charter with the opening of the Constitutional Law of 1945, changing 'mukadimah' to 'pembukaan', and modifying the state's responsibility to implement Islamic law to a more general commitment to monotheism and humanity.

How did the political developments after the adoption of Pancasila influence its application and interpretation?

After Pancasila was adopted, it went through three phases of application: political, economic, and repositioning. Each phase saw Pancasila being used to guide the nation's development, economic growth, and response to global influences, respectively.